Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliane T Bieger.pdf: 356801 bytes, checksum: c94260bd5e7cef6f807aee75b73acf89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation approaches the subject matter of the professional graduation of young people, coming from a graduation and inclusion program for young people, the Projovem Urbano. In this context, the base effectiveness of the professional graduation offered by the program in the municipality of Toledo-PR was analysed in the year of 2009 and this program was concluded in the year of 2010. In order to guide the proposal of this work, we used, as a referential base, bibliographical sources based on a federal program for the education, the Projovem Urbano, and how its implantation, monitoring and evaluation were approached. We have discoursed about the characterisation of the municipality of Toledo-PR and the execution of the program, an history of the policies and public programs of professional graduation in Brazil, the professional graduation of young people inserted in the Projovem Urbano, evaluation of public policies and the effectiveness of policies and programs of professional graduation. Coming from the identified problem in this work, the research intends to verify how much the program was efficient to reach its initial goal, proposed through the professional graduation. For that, the used tool, was the interview, and the studied population was the students who have concluded all the steps of the program in 2010, which includes a 60 young people group. The results obtained from the research have permitted to know, at the exploratory step of the research, the personal, sociodemographical and educational characteristics of the young people who have run away from the regular educational system. Finally, it has permitted an evaluation of the results of the Projovem Urbano program through the vision of the students who had participated. We have observed that the goal of the professional graduation offered to the young people inserted in the program is concentrated in the development of abilities favorable to the self-knowledge, the sociability and the personal accomplishment. The sum of these factors collaborates to the professional insertion, aiming to guarantee an income to the young people, and by this way to provide their autonomy. Despite the range of benefits discerned by the program, we conclude that the professional graduation wasn t efficient in quantity. The program was more positive for young people who weren t working during the realization of this program, which was the reality of a small part of the students. We have also perceived that the effort to grade the young people in administrative area haven t added considerable benefits to the graduated students, which ones telled they have obtained better results with the General and Tecnical Formation, which one tended to the professional world preparation separated from a specific field of formation. / Esta dissertação aborda a temática da qualificação profissional de jovens, partindo de um programa de capacitação e inclusão de jovens, o Projovem Urbano. Nesse contexto, foi analisada a eficácia da base da qualificação profissional ofertada pelo programa no município de Toledo PR no ano de 2009, o qual foi concluído no ano de 2010. Para nortear a proposta deste trabalho, utilizou-se, como alicerce referencial, fontes bibliográficas sobre as bases de um programa federal para a educação, o Projovem Urbano, assim como se abordou sua implantação, monitoramento e avaliação. Discorreu-se sobre a caracterização do município de Toledo - PR e a prática do programa, um histórico de políticas e programas públicos de qualificação profissional no Brasil, a qualificação profissional dos jovens inseridos no Projovem Urbano, avaliação de políticas públicas e a eficácia de políticas e programas de qualificação profissional. Partindo do problema identificado neste trabalho, a pesquisa pretende verificar o quanto o programa foi eficaz no alcance do seu objetivo inicial, proposto pelo viés da qualificação profissional. Para isso, o instrumental utilizado foi a entrevista, e a população estudada foram os alunos que concluíram todas as etapas do programa no ano de 2010, o que compreende um grupo de 60 jovens. Os resultados obtidos a partir da pesquisa permitiram conhecer, na etapa exploratória da pesquisa, as características pessoais, sociodemográficas e educacionais dos jovens evadidos do ensino regular. Por fim, permitiu uma avaliação dos resultados do programa Projovem Urbano pela ótica dos alunos participantes. Observou-se que o objetivo da qualificação profissional ofertada aos jovens inseridos no programa concentra-se no desenvolvimento de habilidades em prol do autoconhecimento, da sociabilidade e da realização pessoal. A soma desses fatores colabora para a inserção profissional, visando assegurar renda aos jovens, e assim proporcionar a sua autonomia. Apesar da gama de benefícios vislumbrados pelo programa, conclui-se que o programa mostrou-se mais positivo para jovens que não se encontravam trabalhando durante a realização do mesmo, o que era realidade para uma pequena parcela de alunos. Percebeu-se ainda que o esforço em qualificar jovens na área da administração também não agregou benefício considerável aos formados, os quais relataram obter melhores resultados com a Formação Técnica Geral, a qual visava o preparo para o mundo profissional, disjunto de um campo específico de formação.

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A study was undertaken of plants used for treatment of diabetic symptoms by traditional healers of the Eeyou Istchee Cree (Canada), Lukomir Highlanders (Bosnia & Herzegovina), and Q’eqchi’ Maya (Belize). All antidiabetic plants were ranked by syndromic importance value (SIV) based on 15 symptoms, all of which were recognized by the Cree and Maya and 8 by the Highlanders. The Cree used only 18 species, the Highlanders 41, and the Maya 150, numbers which reflect the diversity of flora in their region. Vaccinium (Ericaceae) was one of the few genera in all three regions and the only consensus genus between the Cree and Highlander study sites. The Q’eqchi’ Maya ethnobotany did not present any cross-cultural consensus genera with Cree or Highlander medicinal plants, perhaps due to major biogeographic differences. In ethnopharmacological studies, Vaccinium species and Q’eqchi’ antidiabetic plants were tested in an assay relevant to diabetes, the advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) inhibition assay. Boreal and tropical Vaccinium species were potent inhibitors of AGEs and demonstrated concentration dependent inhibition, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) range of 5.93–100 µg/mL. Phenolic content ranged from 80.3 to 201 µg/mL in boreal samples and from 1470 to 2170 µg/mL in tropical samples. Tropical species have a greater phenolic content and AGE inhibition. Seven Q’eqchi’ antidiabetic plant species were tested and all plant extracts showed AGE-inhibition. The IC50s ranged from 40.8 to 733 µg/mL, and the most active was Tynanthus guatemalensis Donn.. Tynanthus guatemalensis IC50 was about fives times greater (less active) than the mean ± SE IC50 reported for six tropical Vaccinium species of Vaccinium (8.77 ± 0.79 μg/mL). The highest consensus and most active Maya antidiabetic plant, Tynanthus guatemalensis Donn. Sm. was discovered to be an important plant recorded in archeological artifacts from the Late Classic Maya period (~750 CE). Ancient Maya used a cross shaped sign (k’an glyph) as a decorative element on Late Classic polychrome vessels and murals. The sign was believed to be the xylem template for a plant used as a flavouring in cacao drinks. However, the plant was incorrectly identified in the literature as Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. (common name: Allspice) based on a common name and aromatic plant quality – not from a botanical voucher specimen. Pimenta dioica wood does not have a cross shape visible in the xylem but a unique character visible after a cross section of T. guatemalensis, is the xylem's cross shape organization. Wood of T. guatemalensis' also has an "allspice" aroma. Tynanthus guatemalensis is most likely the true botanical template behind the ancient Maya k’an glyph and this finding would show the continuity of use of this medicinal plant from ancient to modern times. Vaccinium was selected for an in depth phytochemical analysis using modern metabolomic methods. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) was used to evaluate leaf extract spectra to provide information on (1) the taxonomic identity and (2) quantities of bioactive metabolites across multiple sites. Spectra clearly differentiated leaf samples of V. angustifolium, V. boreale, V. corymbosum, V. macrocarpon, V. myrtilloides, V. myrtillus, V. ovalifolium, and V. uliginosum according to generic, subgeneric, specific, phenotypic circumscriptions. Quantification of chlorogenic acid and hyperoside were replicated with a method that is highly reproducible across multiple sites with different NMR equipment. This methodology provides an important new approach to taxonomy and quality control for plants and natural health products.

A study was undertaken of plants used for treatment of diabetic symptoms by traditional healers of the Eeyou Istchee Cree (Canada), Lukomir Highlanders (Bosnia & Herzegovina), and Q’eqchi’ Maya (Belize). All antidiabetic plants were ranked by syndromic importance value (SIV) based on 15 symptoms, all of which were recognized by the Cree and Maya and 8 by the Highlanders. The Cree used only 18 species, the Highlanders 41, and the Maya 150, numbers which reflect the diversity of flora in their region. Vaccinium (Ericaceae) was one of the few genera in all three regions and the only consensus genus between the Cree and Highlander study sites. The Q’eqchi’ Maya ethnobotany did not present any cross-cultural consensus genera with Cree or Highlander medicinal plants, perhaps due to major biogeographic differences. In ethnopharmacological studies, Vaccinium species and Q’eqchi’ antidiabetic plants were tested in an assay relevant to diabetes, the advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) inhibition assay. Boreal and tropical Vaccinium species were potent inhibitors of AGEs and demonstrated concentration dependent inhibition, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) range of 5.93–100 µg/mL. Phenolic content ranged from 80.3 to 201 µg/mL in boreal samples and from 1470 to 2170 µg/mL in tropical samples. Tropical species have a greater phenolic content and AGE inhibition. Seven Q’eqchi’ antidiabetic plant species were tested and all plant extracts showed AGE-inhibition. The IC50s ranged from 40.8 to 733 µg/mL, and the most active was Tynanthus guatemalensis Donn.. Tynanthus guatemalensis IC50 was about fives times greater (less active) than the mean ± SE IC50 reported for six tropical Vaccinium species of Vaccinium (8.77 ± 0.79 μg/mL). The highest consensus and most active Maya antidiabetic plant, Tynanthus guatemalensis Donn. Sm. was discovered to be an important plant recorded in archeological artifacts from the Late Classic Maya period (~750 CE). Ancient Maya used a cross shaped sign (k’an glyph) as a decorative element on Late Classic polychrome vessels and murals. The sign was believed to be the xylem template for a plant used as a flavouring in cacao drinks. However, the plant was incorrectly identified in the literature as Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. (common name: Allspice) based on a common name and aromatic plant quality – not from a botanical voucher specimen. Pimenta dioica wood does not have a cross shape visible in the xylem but a unique character visible after a cross section of T. guatemalensis, is the xylem's cross shape organization. Wood of T. guatemalensis' also has an "allspice" aroma. Tynanthus guatemalensis is most likely the true botanical template behind the ancient Maya k’an glyph and this finding would show the continuity of use of this medicinal plant from ancient to modern times. Vaccinium was selected for an in depth phytochemical analysis using modern metabolomic methods. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) was used to evaluate leaf extract spectra to provide information on (1) the taxonomic identity and (2) quantities of bioactive metabolites across multiple sites. Spectra clearly differentiated leaf samples of V. angustifolium, V. boreale, V. corymbosum, V. macrocarpon, V. myrtilloides, V. myrtillus, V. ovalifolium, and V. uliginosum according to generic, subgeneric, specific, phenotypic circumscriptions. Quantification of chlorogenic acid and hyperoside were replicated with a method that is highly reproducible across multiple sites with different NMR equipment. This methodology provides an important new approach to taxonomy and quality control for plants and natural health products.