The impact of graded levels of daylength on the productivity, health and behaviour of hens and toms was studied in two experiments to 18 wk of age. Daylength treatments (trt) were 14 (14L), 17 (17L), 20 (20L) and 23 (23L) h and were started at 10 d of age. Turkeys (720 hens and 480 toms) were randomly allocated to 8 rooms (2 rooms per lighting trt) with six pens (3 hen and 3 tom) per room in each experiment. Body weight (BW) and feed consumption (FC) were assessed throughout the trial and feed efficiency (G:F; g of gain/g of feed) calculated from BW and FC values. Birds were checked daily for mortality and culls, and affected birds sent for necropsy. Bird well-being was evaluated by gait score (GS), the incidence of foot pad dermatitis (FPD), breast buttons and blisters, ocular size and pressure, and tom behavioural observations. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.3 based on a completely randomized design nested within four daylengths. Regression analysis established relationships between response criteria and daylength. Differences were considered significant at P≤0.05 and trends noted at P≤0.10. At 21 and 42 d, body weight increased linearly with daylength, but by 84 d tom weights decreased in a quadratic fashion and hen weights were unaffected by daylength. At 126 d, both male and female weights decreased linearly with increasing daylength, with the magnitude of the response gender dependent. Feed consumption corresponded to body weight changes, increasing for d 10-21 and 21-42, and decreasing for d 63-84, 84-105, and 105-126 with increasing daylength. Feed efficiency (G:F) was not affected by daylength for 10-84, 10-105 and 10-126 d periods. The incidence of mortality and culling was not affected by daylength for the 10-84 d period, but increased in a quadratic manner with increasing daylength for the 10-105 and 10-126 d periods. The incidence of skeletal disorders (valgus-varus and rotated tibia), injurious pecking and pendulous crops (females only) increased linearly with increasing daylength. Average GS increased linearly with daylength at 11 and 17 wk for both hens and toms, but the effect was larger in toms. Daylength did not affect FPD, but more lesions and more severe scores were found for hens than toms. The presence of breast buttons and blisters increased linearly with daylength (11 wk) with the effect on blisters predominately seen in toms. Eye weight increased and corneal diameter decreased linearly with increasing daylength at 12 and 18 wk. Dorso-ventral and media-lateral diameter, and anterior to posterior depth exhibited a quadratic relationship with the highest values seen for the 23L trt. Ocular pressure was not affected by daylength. Over 24 h of behavioural observation (both photo- and scotoperiod), resting increased, and walking, and environmental and feather pecking decreased with increasing daylength. During the photoperiod, inactive resting increased and feeding, drinking, standing, walking, preening, and environmental and feather pecking behaviours decreased as daylength increased. To conclude, daylength affects the growth and feed intake of turkeys in an age and gender specific manner, and mortality and culling increase with longer daylength. Health and welfare parameters are also affected by daylength with 23L demonstrating poorest overall bird well-being.

Children detained in juvenile detention centers in the United States are a unique population. They are neither incarcerated, nor are they free to live in society. Although some popular literature does exist on juvenile detention, such literature is minimal. Further, there are few research studies on this population in any field of inquiry. Indeed the entire subject of juvenile detention has been largely overlooked by research scientists, as well as theologians. The focus of this empirical study is the theology and spirituality of children in a single juvenile detention center in New Jersey, US. Currently, there are no studies on this topic. This study begins to address that void and represents the first theological research of its kind on this population. The methodological approach of the thesis is multi-disciplinary. While the study addresses theology and spirituality as separate categories, it also integrates theology with research in psychology and clinical mental health. The project itself consists of 200 individual, face-to-face interviews with male juvenile residents detained in the Ocean County Juvenile Detention Center, Toms River, New Jersey, US. An original questionnaire has been developed by the author as a research tool. This empirical research adds to the academic literature on children in juvenile detention centers in the United States and recommends ways that staff may communicate with children to begin a theological dialogue. Further, this thesis offers a specific methodology and research tool to be duplicated for use in other juvenile detention centers toward working with children in a concrete, evidence-based, spiritual context. v This study also includes a chapter on the evolution of the author’s spirituality and theology in the course of the project and attempts to locate the self of the researcher within the study. Finally, this thesis presents an outline for a new hermeneutic in working with children in a juvenile detention setting. This new approach represents a practical step toward bridging an existing gap between a stated need for a new hermeneutic for working with children in theological literature and its inception. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D. Th. (Practical Theology)

A series of late Tertiary rhyolitic and dacitic flows, domes, and minor pyroclastic rocks form an elongate volanic mass along the northwestern Utah-northeastern Nevada border . The structure of the flow banding and the linear arrangement of vents indicate that the mass represents a multi-sourced extrusive complex which erupted through many fissure-type conduits. A 39 km2 area at the southern end of the mass was studied in detail in order to gain a better understanding of the eruptive nature and history of these Tertiary volcanic rocks. Age dating reveals that volcanism in the study area was episodic, and covered a period of at least 4 to 5 million years. The silicic volcanic rocks in the study area are similar chemically and mineralogically to other eruptive units within the Rhyolite Mts., which range from dacite (Si0 2 69%) to high-silica rhyolite (SiOz 75-77%). They also exhibit chemical characteristics similar to other silicic volcanic rocks of bimodal association in the western United States. Two-feldspar high-K rhyolite is the dominant volcanic rock in the study area, commonly found overlying rhyolitic vitric tuffs and agglomerates. Rhyolite from the southern portion of the study area is dated at 7.6 to 8.6 m.y.b.p. Dacitic samples contain phenocrysts of plagioclase, quartz, biotite, hornblende, and orthopyroxene. Dacitic volcanism is dated at 12.4 m.y.b.p. By analogy with other "bimodal" volcanic fields in the western U.S., it is assumed that these si 1 icic magmas are products of partial melting of crustal rocks. Evidence from a least squares differentiation model, along with the overall geochemical characteristics, indicates crystal fractionation as the dominant mechanism for the transition from dacite to rhyolite, with plagioclase as the dominant fractionating phase.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Children detained in juvenile detention centers in the United States are a unique population. They are neither incarcerated, nor are they free to live in society. Although some popular literature does exist on juvenile detention, such literature is minimal. Further, there are few research studies on this population in any field of inquiry. Indeed the entire subject of juvenile detention has been largely overlooked by research scientists, as well as theologians. The focus of this empirical study is the theology and spirituality of children in a single juvenile detention center in New Jersey, US. Currently, there are no studies on this topic. This study begins to address that void and represents the first theological research of its kind on this population. The methodological approach of the thesis is multi-disciplinary. While the study addresses theology and spirituality as separate categories, it also integrates theology with research in psychology and clinical mental health. The project itself consists of 200 individual, face-to-face interviews with male juvenile residents detained in the Ocean County Juvenile Detention Center, Toms River, New Jersey, US. An original questionnaire has been developed by the author as a research tool. This empirical research adds to the academic literature on children in juvenile detention centers in the United States and recommends ways that staff may communicate with children to begin a theological dialogue. Further, this thesis offers a specific methodology and research tool to be duplicated for use in other juvenile detention centers toward working with children in a concrete, evidence-based, spiritual context. v This study also includes a chapter on the evolution of the author’s spirituality and theology in the course of the project and attempts to locate the self of the researcher within the study. Finally, this thesis presents an outline for a new hermeneutic in working with children in a juvenile detention setting. This new approach represents a practical step toward bridging an existing gap between a stated need for a new hermeneutic for working with children in theological literature and its inception. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D. Th. (Practical Theology)