The objective of this study was to determine the safety impacts of right turn followed by U-turn movements (RTUT) at signalized intersections as well as median openings. RTUT movements are the most common alternatives to direct DLT movements(DLT). In order to achieve such data in a shorter amount of time, conflict analysis was chosen to be useful in this study as opposed to crash analysis. Additionally, data collection sites were divided dependent on certain geometric criterion and conflict data was recorded by the use of video recording equipment. Seven out the eleven conflict types used during the study were related to RTUT movements while the remaining observed conflicts were related to DLT movements. The safety comparison of right turns followed by U-turns to direct left turns at traffic signal sites indicated that DLT movements generated two times more conflicts per hour than RTUT movements. When the effects of traffic volumes have been taken into consideration, RTUT movements had a 5 percent higher conflict rate than DLT movements. At median opening sites, DLT movements generated 10 percent more conflicts per hour than RTUT movements. Furthermore, the other conflict rate, which takes the effect of traffic volumes into consideration, was 62 percent higher for DLT movements as compared to RTUT movements.Impacts of separation distance on safety of RTUT movements were investigated by a regression model. The model investigated impacts of U-turn bay locations and the number of lanes on major arterial on separation distance requirements. The model results indicated that U-turn bays located at signalized intersections and greater number of lanes on major arterials increases the minimum separation distance requirements. Finally, on four lane arterials U-turn distributions at median openings were analyzed to investigate how U-turns are accommodated at such locations. A u-turn regression model was developed to investigate impacts of median modifications on signalized intersection safety. The model results indicated that median modifications across the high volume driveways may cause safety problems at downstream signalized intersection.

The overall aim of the study was to examine relapse among participants in the DWI Prevention Programme and those who get prison sentence after driving when influenced by alcohol and to examine the participants’ attitudes towards drunk – driving, risk behavior and traffic safety. A direct evaluation of the sentence and penal accomplishment is also examined. The sample of the survey study (see article 1) was 44 from the DWI – sample and 44 from the prison – sample that completed a questionnaire answering about their attitudes towards drunk – driving, risk behavior and traffic safety. The results presented in article 2 are based on transcripts of criminal convicts that participated in the DWI Prevention Programme during the period of 1998 – 2002 in the Salten District ( n = 68) and a sample of convicts to an unconditional sentence for drunk - driving in the same time periode (n = 112). The 1st analysis revealed that the DWI – sample had more ideal attitudes towards drunk – driving, risk behavior and traffic safety. There were also significant differences in how they evaluated their sentence and penal accomplishment. The DWI - sample were generally more satisfied with the penal accomplishment, the way they was treated and how the relationships around them were. They were also more satisfied with the contents of the penal accomplishment. Multivariate analysis, Kaplan – Meier and Cox regression was used in the 2nd analysis calculating if there were significant differences between the samples, survival time and to investigate effects of several variables upon the time a specified event takes to happen. In this study the relapse time was shorter for men than for women and the youngest age – groups had a shorter relapse time than the oldest age – groups. The Kaplan – Meier plot revealed that the prison – group have a shorter relapse time compared to the DWI – group. Based on the results of the two articles we can conclude that the DWI Prevention Programme had a very good effect on the participants compared to those who get traditional prison – sentence. The participants in the programme had the most ideal attitudes and the longest survival time after participating. When it comes to survival time among gender and age, women and the older age – groups had the longest survival time.

Formal education education is an essential part in the process of teaching people how to drive. Driving schools are crucial as they are the educational institutions tasked with providing the relevant education that learners need in order to become competent drivers. Because this education is vital in driver socialisation, it has to be structured and carried out in a way that ensures maximum affectivity. This education is essential in ensuring that learners acquire all the relevant driving skills. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the current formal driver education in South Africa - i.e. the K53 licensing system - in order to determine whether it can socialise learner drivers into being capable drivers. It has been argued in literature that young novice drivers are the most at risk with regard to motor vehicle accidents even though they have just received their formal driver education. They are most at risk because of their inexperience in driving, immaturity and risk-taking behaviour. For this reason the sample of the study consisted of new driver between the ages 18 and 23 with no more than 5 years experience. The study was conducted in Durban, South Africa. This study found that even though the respondents have driven for no more than five years 23% of them have already been involved in motor vehicle accidents where they were drivers since receiving their driving licences. Although a minority of these respondents reported being trained in most road and traffic conditions as well as in safety procedures (confirmed by driving school instructors), the types of accidents that they were involved in indicate that they were not able to use the information that they reportedly gained from driver training. This indicated that there is a problem with either what they were taught or how they were taught. A review of the K 53 licensing system by the Department of Transport found many flaws with the system, mainly with its design as well as loopholes that allowed driving schools to manipulate the process. shortcomings impact negatively on driver socialisation and driver behaviour thereafter. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, [2005]

Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojamos eismo saugumo problemos ir eismo įvykių tendencijos Lietuvoje bei Vilniaus mieste, ištirti eismo saugumą įtakojantys faktoriai, nagrinėjamas saugaus eismo sistemą reguliuojančių įstatymų ir saugų eismą užtikrinančio prevencinio darbo ryšys. Teisės aktai vertinami jų funkcionalumo visuomenėje požiūriu. Laikomasi nuostatos, kad saugaus eismo sistemos veiksmingumą lemia efektyvus teisės normų taikymas ir institucijų, atsakingų už prevencinį darbą, veiklos kontrolė. Darbe nagrinėjama vienos iš atsakingų už prevencinį darbą saugaus eismo srityje institucijų – Vilniaus miesto vyriausiojo policijos komisariato viešosios policijos Eismo priežiūros tarnybos – darbuotojų požiūris į atliekamą darbą, motyvacija dirbti bei pareigūnų atliekamo prevencinio darbo poveikis saugiam eismui ir eismo dalyvių elgsenai. / In this postgraduate final work investigates the traffic safety problems and traffic actions trend in Lithuania and Vilnius, investigated traffic safety influenced factors, discusses the connection between the legal basis regulating the system of safe traffic and the preventive work ensuring safe traffic. Legal arts are estimated from the standpoint of their function in society. The essence of the described problem lies in the fact that efficiency of safe traffic system is settled by the application of legal regulations and the qualitative work of the officers who are responsible for it. The method of work is based on the research of Vilnius Highway police services – viewpoint to work, motivation and the preventive work done by the officers of the Highway police.

Lietuva saugaus eismo požiūriu yra padidintos rizikos šalis, todėl avaringumas yra vienas iš pagrindinių rodiklių, atspindinčių transporto sistemoje vykstančius procesus, jų teigiamą ar neigiamą raidą. Pagrindiniai statistiniai avaringumo rodikliai (informacija apie eismo įvykius, žuvusiuosius ir sužeistuosius) neigiamai apibūdina saugaus eismo situaciją šalyje. Šalyje iki šiol pasigendama racionalios saugaus eismo sistemos struktūros, kuri užtikrintų visų grandžių veiklos nuoseklumą bei tarpusavio sąveiką. Eismo priežiūra ir kontrolė - epizodiškos, todėl vis dažniau vairuojama apsvaigus nuo alkoholio ar narkotinių medžiagų, vis mažiau vairuotojų ir keleivių naudojasi saugos diržais, vaikai vežami ne specialiose saugos kėdutėse, dažnai viršijamas greitis. Nors eismo įvykiai yra atsitiktiniai, tačiau būtina suvokti ir valdyti jų priežastis, aplinkybes ir padarinius, kad būtų užkirstas jiems kelias arba bent sušvelninti padariniai. Todėl šio tyrimo tikslas - atskleisti kriminalistinės profilaktikos priemonių galimybes daryti įtaką eismo įvykių mažėjimui keliuose bei ištirti jų poveikį eismo saugumui. Siekiant iškelto tikslo formuluojami šie uždaviniai: 5. atskleisti kriminalistinės profilaktikos sampratą; 6. atlikti eismo įvykių kriminalistinės charakteristikos analizę; 7. išanalizuoti eismo įvykių tyrimo ir prevencijos praktiką Kauno apskrities policijos komisariatuose; 8. tiriant labiausiai paplitusias eismo įvykių kilimo priežastis numatyti eismo įvykių kriminalistinės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / There a lot of problems in Lithuania with traffic safety and the guantity of traffic accsidents it is one of the main indicator of this process. The main statistical indicators of traffic accsidents (information about traffic accsidents, died or injured people) there negative discribing the situation in Lithuania. There no rational safety traffic system in Lithuania. The traffic observation and control are episodical and there more drunk driving accsidents in Lithuania. The drivers do not using safety belts, children safety chairs, they are over speeding. We know that traffic accsidents are accidental but we must realize and control the causality, circumstances and after-effects. The purpose of this analysis is reveal the criminology prophylaxis of the traffic safety and how to influence in down-sizing in traffic accsidents. The main tasks of the analysis: 1. The conception of the criminalistics prophylaxis. 2. To make the analysis of the traffic accsidents characterization. 3. Analyse the investigation and prevention of the traffic accsidents in Kaunas police commissariats. 4. Investigate the most common traffic accsidents reasons, the criminalistics prophylaxis and how to improve. The analysis is consists of the summary, two parts withe the five subsection, english summary, literature registre and the addendums.

The following main problems were solved in the research: • The factors negatively influencing the traffic safety system efficient interaction and reliability were identified. • Reliability of reaction calculations of the traffic participants. • Application of ANOVA in the research of the traffic participant’s reactions. • Application of the SAS software package in the research of the traffic accident causes. • Identification of factors influencing the formation of the traffic participant’s behaviour.

Thesis (M.Tech.:Civil Engineering)-Dept of Civil Engineering and Survey, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005 xiv, 134 leaves, Annexures A-C / Road fatalities claim more than one million lives annually worldwide. The emotional, social and economic impact of road traffic fatalities demands urgent attention globally. This epidemic of road traffic fatalities is plaguing everyone, especially the poorer nations. Some countries like Australia and Sweden have been more successful than others in combating this epidemic. South Africa is currently seeking strategies to combat this epidemic because South Africa’s road traffic fatalities have been increasing annually, with a substantial percentage of teenagers and young adults between the ages of 16 and 29 contributing to these statistics. This age group will become or already have become part of the economically active population and concern is mounting as to why this particular age group is vulnerable. This thesis provides an overview of the road safety problem globally, nationally, provincially and locally and also looks at the historical factors that have contributed to this problem. The Victorian model, which has been classified as the ‘world’s best practice’, has been reviewed. A pilot survey was conducted at the Mangosuthu Technikon and the focal survey was conducted at the tertiary institutions in the Durban area. Students from this sector were selected as they fall in the most vulnerable age group and data was collected from them on various aspects of road safety. On analysing the data, various problems were identified, in particular, lack of resources and limited education pertaining to road safety. A range of possible solutions is recommended and the focus areas are the 3E’s namely: education, enforcement and engineering. However, the focal recommendation is on education and looks at the possibility of introducing learner’s licence testing to the grade 12 syllabi.

This study's aim was to solicit the beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of the teachers to the implementation of the road safety education programme in the context of curriculum change in five primary schools in the Pietermaritzburg Region. It is the beliefs and the attitudes of the teachers that imply assumptions about curriculum change and implementation that was the major focus of this study. The implementation of the road safety education programme was studied in the context of curriculum change. This was done by using a qualitative research methodology. A case study research method was employed to gather data. Through semi-structured teacher interviews, classroom observations and learner administered questionnaires, the researcher was able to answer the three critical questions of the study. For the analysis of the data, interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used. The analysis of the data revealed that despite the teaching and learning constraints that teachers experience in the classroom with implementing curriculum change, they do the best that they can. They implemented the road safety education programme in very innovative and interactive ways. Feedback from teacher interviews regarding the implementation of the road safety education programme, indicated that it was a good programme which was well developed and aligned to the Revised National Curriculum Statement. It was informative and provided learners with a wide range of age appropriate knowledge and expertise to make them safe and responsible road users. This study also revealed the gaps in the literature where road safety education and its implementation, is concerned. This study makes a number of recommendations for successful curriculum implementation in the context of change. Because of the qualitative nature of the data collected it was difficult to establish whether there was, in fact behavioural changes regarding safe and responsible road user behaviour. Therefore the study recommends that more research must be carried out on the implementation of the road safety education programme because this study only represented five primary schools. This study also emphasized the importance of implementing road safety education from grade R to Grade 12 to enhance safe and responsible road user behaviour. This may be useful in reinforcing safe and responsible road user behaviour. Twelve years of road safety education will definitely have a cumulative effect which will be beneficial to the learner. A permanent space must be found in the CAPS school curricula to deliver appropriate and effective road safety education from Grade R to Grade 12. The basic epistemological approach of the research reflects the importance of moving beyond universal truths about implementation as a complex and highly contingent enterprise in which variations is the rule rather than the exception. This study subsequently concluded that the successful implementation of the road safety education programme was dependent on the teacher‟s beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of the innovation. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

This research focuses on how Road Safety Education can be incorporated into the Revised National Curriculum Statement in the Further Education and Training Band. Education is based on theories about how learners learn, what influences that learning and what is effective practice. Such theories are based on research. Educational research may be seen as a systematic attempt to gain a better understanding of the educational process, generally with a view to improving its efficiency. Varied view points are obtained when qualified individuals with common or divergent backgrounds are brought together to explore a problem, to provide information or to valuate the merits of a proposition. I chose to interview the Heads of Department of the existing learning areas in order to explore their attitudes and opinions towards the incorporation of Road Safety Education in the Revised National Curriculum Statement. The interview focused on their understanding of this curriculum, implementing it, Road Safety Education and how it can be incorporated into this curriculum. Questionnaires and interviews are a way of getting data about people by asking them rather than by observing and sampling their behaviour. For this study the 50 grade 11 learners were presented with carefully selected and ordered questions in a combination of closed and open form. This enabled the learners to answer freely and fully in their own words and their own frame of reference concerning the incorporation of Road Safety Education in the Revised National Curriculum Statement. This research was prompted by the high fatality rate in the country as a result of road accidents. An in-depth analysis of documents, provided by the KZN Department of Transport, were undertaken. This researcher found that documents provided information about aspects of road safety, proper road usage, and other factors that contribute to the high fatality rates on our roads, aspects that could not be observed because they had taken place before this investigative study had occurred. Each year, publication of the figures for road accidents bring fresh disappointments especially for those who have striven so hard for an improvement. The time has now come for us to recognise that the conventional road safety programmes of the past years are incapable, no matter how delicately applied, of yielding anything but marginal improvements. What is surely needed is some new approach with a potential for huge improvements. Road safety should be about education and not about prosecution. Educational programmes must be undertaken to overcome existing areas of ignorance and to initiate a process of change concerning road safety. It is therefore imperative that the Revised National Curriculum Statement incorporates a comprehensive, compulsory Road Safety Education Programme. / Theses (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu Natal, 2004.

This study is a critical policy analysis of some of the policy issues facing the Department of Transport, and some of the implementation challenges experienced. The policy analysis concludes that one cannot assess whether or not the Department of Transport's policies: and programmes are successfully implemented, because they have not considered or designed measures of evaluation or impact of any of their policies. Some of the policy issues and problems facing the Department of Transport still exist despite the various policy proposals, strategies or programs which they have designed and implemented. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.