Green Cargo är den största aktören för godstransporter på järnväg i Sverige. Dotterbolaget Road&Logistics erbjuder kombinerade transporter bestående av järnväg och lastbil. Järnvägen utnyttjas för de långväga transporterna och lastbilarna för slingtrafiken. Med hjälp av crossdockingterminaler samlastas även gods från olika lastbärare till en enhet. Detta för att optimera kapacitetsutnyttjandet, vilket ger synergieffekter i form av miljövinster och sänkta kostnader. På senare år har olika verktyg utvecklats för att underlätta distributionsplaneringen. Simulering är ett exempel på ett modernt verktyg för att analysera befintliga eller tänkta system. Jag har utvärderat en befintlig simuleringsmodell och tagit reda på om den på kort sikt kunnat analysera behovet av resursanvändningen alternativt den optimala användningen av dessa i ett distributionsnät bestående av konfektion. Studien är geografiskt avgränsad till att enbart omfatta Stockholmsregionen, vilket innebär att lastbil är det enda transportmedlet som behandlas. I arbetet ingår butikskedjorna H&M, KappAhl, Dressmann, Lindex och Fashionet. Fashionet är en portal med alla mindre konfektionsbutiker, som ingår i Green Cargo Road&Logistics kundkrets. Efter genomförda simuleringar är slutsatsen att ett antal tekniska modifikationer måste göras för att modellen ska kunna bli användbar. Modellen är i grunden avsedd för operativ planering, samtidigt som det operativa användandet både är omständigt och tidskrävande. Därför skulle alternativ lösning kunna vara att utveckla olika scenarion som representerar typveckor. Transportplanerarens uppgift blir då att identifiera distributionen för närmaste timmen, dagen eller veckan och sedan jämföra detta med de på förhand skapade scenarion. På så sätt undviks själva simuleringsprocessen, inklusive inmatning av data. Tillämpningen av lämpligt optimeringsverktyg parallellt med simuleringen skulle vara ytterligare ett sätt att effektivisera planeringsarbetet. En oväntad positiv bieffekt var att ett antal svårupptäckta kodfel kunde identifieras och korrigeras, tack vare den noggranna verifikationen. I simuleringsprojektär tidspressen ofta så hög att detaljerade verifieringar inte kan göras.

This report was written as a result of a Bachelor Degree Project, together with Swepart Transmission AB. The report contains the construction of a hydraulic press for the assembly operation. The project started with a new construction of a hydraulic press for the bearings’ assembly. The goal within the thesis work was to fit the three bearings to the housing by only one press motion. This operation should be very safety because of the sensitive tolerance at the bearings and housing. Construction of the cylinders, rams and bolster were the most important parts at this project because this parts’ functions are very important for this assembly. The next step of this thesis was to calculate the hydraulic press components’ parameters and then choose the suitable components. The focus was to choose more useful and reliable components. The hydraulic press was modeled in the CAD program Solid Works and 2D technical drawing was drawn in the Autocad. The frame material was chosen and the frame was analysised in the Solid Works.

This dissertation considers daily operations management for a fleet of trucks providing container pickup and delivery service to a port. Truck congestion at access points for ports may lead to serious inefficiencies in drayage operations, and the resultant cost impact to the intermodal supply chain can be significant. Recognizing that port congestion is likely to continue to be a major problem for drayage operations given the growing volume of international containerized trade, this research seeks to develop optimization approaches for maximizing the productivity of drayage firms operating at congested seaports. Specifically, this dissertation addresses two daily drayage routing and scheduling problems. In the first half of this dissertation, we study the problem of managing a fleet of trucks providing container pickup and delivery service to a port facility that experiences different access wait times depending on the time of day. For this research, we assume that the wait time can be estimated by a deterministic function. We develop a time-constrained routing and scheduling model for the problem that incorporates the time-dependent congestion delay function. The model objective is to find routes and schedules for drayage vehicles with minimum total travel time, including the waiting time at the entry to the port due to congestion. We consider both exact and heuristic solution approaches for this difficult optimization problem. Finally, we use the framework to develop an understanding of the potential impact of congestion delays on drayage operations, and the value of planning with accurate delay information. In the second half of this dissertation, we study methods for managing a drayage fleet serving a port with an appointment-based access control system. Responding to growing access congestion and its resultant impacts, many U.S. port terminals have implemented appointment systems, but little is known about the impact of such systems on drayage productivity. To address this knowledge gap, we develop a drayage operations optimization approach based on a column generation integer programming heuristic that explicitly models a time-slot port access control system. The approach determines pickup and delivery sequences with minimum transportation cost. We use the framework to develop an understanding of the potential efficiency impacts of access appointment systems on drayage operations. Findings indicate that the set of feasible drayage tasks and the fleet size required to complete them can be quite sensitive to small changes in time-slot access capacities at the port.

In recent years increasing growth rate of all industrial fields generated an emerging energy demand and consequent environmental problems worldwide. Defining environmental profiles of products and systems using environmental tools, such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), is a critical issue for sustainable mining. In order to tackle the increasing environmental challenges and air emissions induced by surface coal mining, alternative material handling options are needed to be evaluated. This research study aims to provide a robust LCA model in selection of the alternative material haulage systems as a decision support system. The main objectives of this thesis study are: i) contributing to the national archived data by gathering data about haulage systems from an open pit coal mine, ii) constructing life cycle inventory from the acquired environmental data, iii) performing life cycle assessment of both material haulage systems in an open pit coal mine according to their environmental burdens, iv) conducting uncertainty assessment, and v) suggesting improvement in stages where emissions are critical. In order to accomplish these objectives, comparative LCA from cradle-to-grave was carried out in SIMAPRO 7.3 to determine life cycle environmental impacts of off-highway mining trucks and belt conveyors in coal transportation. Climate change and acidification were selected as major impact categories considered to be major concerns in mining industry. The results of this study revealed that off-highway trucks had 1.9 times greater impact on acidification category than belt conveyors, on the other hand, belt conveyors had 1.6 times greater impact on climate change. NOx emissions caused 96 percent of the acidification impact. CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion led to 95 percent of the climate change effect. The obtained results also indicated that the highest impact on all selected impact categories were generated from the utilization stage of the trucks operated by diesel oil and utilization of belt conveyor systems operated by electricity. The main novelty of this study is that it is one of the first LCA studies in the Turkish mining industry where considerable amount of emissions occur due to material handling. This study also advances the current knowledge about environmentally critical processes in material handling systems and places recommendations for both alternatives aiming better decision making. The results of the study are expected to provide a decision support system for the mining industry.

<p>Green Cargo är den största aktören för godstransporter på järnväg i Sverige. Dotterbolaget Road&Logistics erbjuder kombinerade transporter bestående av järnväg och lastbil. Järnvägen utnyttjas för de långväga transporterna och lastbilarna för slingtrafiken. Med hjälp av crossdockingterminaler samlastas även gods från olika lastbärare till en enhet. Detta för att optimera kapacitetsutnyttjandet, vilket ger synergieffekter i form av miljövinster och sänkta kostnader. </p><p>På senare år har olika verktyg utvecklats för att underlätta distributionsplaneringen. Simulering är ett exempel på ett modernt verktyg för att analysera befintliga eller tänkta system. </p><p>Jag har utvärderat en befintlig simuleringsmodell och tagit reda på om den på kort sikt kunnat analysera behovet av resursanvändningen alternativt den optimala användningen av dessa i ett distributionsnät bestående av konfektion. Studien är geografiskt avgränsad till att enbart omfatta Stockholmsregionen, vilket innebär att lastbil är det enda transportmedlet som behandlas. I arbetet ingår butikskedjorna H&M, KappAhl, Dressmann, Lindex och Fashionet. Fashionet är en portal med alla mindre konfektionsbutiker, som ingår i Green Cargo Road&Logistics kundkrets. </p><p>Efter genomförda simuleringar är slutsatsen att ett antal tekniska modifikationer måste göras för att modellen ska kunna bli användbar. Modellen är i grunden avsedd för operativ planering, samtidigt som det operativa användandet både är omständigt och tidskrävande. Därför skulle alternativ lösning kunna vara att utveckla olika scenarion som representerar typveckor. Transportplanerarens uppgift blir då att identifiera distributionen för närmaste timmen, dagen eller veckan och sedan jämföra detta med de på förhand skapade scenarion. På så sätt undviks själva simuleringsprocessen, inklusive inmatning av data. Tillämpningen av lämpligt optimeringsverktyg parallellt med simuleringen skulle vara ytterligare ett sätt att effektivisera planeringsarbetet. </p><p>En oväntad positiv bieffekt var att ett antal svårupptäckta kodfel kunde identifieras och korrigeras, tack vare den noggranna verifikationen. I simuleringsprojektär tidspressen ofta så hög att detaljerade verifieringar inte kan göras.</p>

<p>This report was written as a result of a Bachelor Degree Project, together with Swepart Transmission AB. The report contains the construction of a hydraulic press for the assembly operation.</p><p>The project started with a new construction of a hydraulic press for the bearings’ assembly. The goal within the thesis work was to fit the three bearings to the housing by only one press motion. This operation should be very safety because of the sensitive tolerance at the bearings and housing. Construction of the cylinders, rams and bolster were the most important parts at this project because this parts’ functions are very important for this assembly.</p><p>The next step of this thesis was to calculate the hydraulic press components’ parameters and then choose the suitable components. The focus was to choose more useful and reliable components.</p><p>The hydraulic press was modeled in the CAD program Solid Works and 2D technical drawing was drawn in the Autocad. The frame material was chosen and the frame was analysised in the Solid Works.</p>

Since 2007, the number of street food vendors in Austin, Texas has more than doubled. Food trucks in the urban environment have three fundamental roles. They are entrepreneurial start-ups, interim and mobile land uses, and cultural expressions. In these roles, street food vending particularly impacts urban neighborhoods undergoing change. By occupying underutilized lots, activating streetscapes, promoting commercial activity and disseminating culture, mobile food vendors represent an innovative and low cost revitalization tool. In an effort to “catch-up” with the rapidly growing phenomenon, the City of Austin has had know choice but to implement policy and regulation reactively. By conducting in depth interviews and context analysis, this research attempts to answer the question: how might cities proactively leverage the beneficial impacts of mobile food vendors? The thesis culminates in a conceptual demonstration project for Birmingham, Alabama; a city on the cusp of a street food explosion. / text

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo desenvolver um sistema automático de detecção de eixos de caminhões a partir de imagens. Para isso, são apresentados dois sistemas automáticos: o primeiro para extração de imagens de caminhões a partir de filmagens de tráfego rodoviário feitas em seis locais de uma mesma rodovia situada no Estado de São Paulo, e o segundo, para detecção dos eixos dos caminhões nas imagens. Ambos os sistemas foram fundamentados em conceitos de Processamento de Imagens e Visão Computacional e o desenvolvimento foi feito utilizando programação em linguagem Python e as bibliotecas OpenCV e SciKit. O salvamento automático das imagens de caminhões foi necessário para a construção do banco de imagens utilizado no outro método: a detecção dos eixos dos veículos identificados. Neste estágio foram realizadas a segmentação da imagem do caminhão, a detecção propriamente dita e a classificação dos eixos. Na segmentação dos veículos, utilizou-se as técnicas de limiarização adaptativa seguida de morfologia matemática e em outra ocasião, o descritor de texturas LBP; enquanto na detecção, a Transformada de Hough. Da análise de desempenho desses métodos, a taxa de salvamento das imagens foi 69,2% considerando todos os caminhões que se enquadraram nos frames. Com relação às detecções, a segmentação das imagens dos caminhões feita utilizando limiarização adaptativa com morfologia matemática ofereceu resultados de 57,7% da detecção do total de eixos dos caminhões e 65,6% de falsas detecções. A técnica LBP forneceu, para os mesmos casos, respectivamente, 68,3% e 84,2%. O excesso de detecção foi um ponto negativo dos resultados e pode ser relacionado aos problemas do ambiente externo, geralmente intrínsecos às cenas de tráfego de veículos. Dois fatores que interferiram de maneira significativa foram a iluminação e a movimentação das folhas e galhos das árvores devido ao vento. Desconsiderando esse inconveniente, derivado dos fatores recém citados, as taxas de acerto dos dois tipos de segmentação aumentariam para 90,4% e 93,5%, respectivamente, e as falsas detecções mudariam para 66,5% e 54,7%. Desse modo, os dois sistemas propostos podem ser considerados promissores para o objetivo proposto. / This research aims to develop an automatic truck axle detection system using images. Two automatic systems are presented: one for the extraction of truck images from road videos recorded in a São Paulo state highway and one for the axle detection on images. Both systems are based on Image Processing and Computational Vision techniques, with using programming in Python and OpenCV and SciKit libraries. The truck image extraction system was necessary for the creation of image base, to be used on the axle detection system. Thereunto, image segmentation, axle detection and classification on images were made. In segmentation was used adaptive threshold technique, followed by mathematical morphology and on another time, LBP texture descriptors; for detection, was used Hough Transform. Performance analysis on these methods wielded 69.2% on image save rate, on trucks entirely framed on the image. About axle detection, the truck image segmentation using a combination of adaptive threshold and mathematical morphology wielded 57.7% on axle detection, whilst achieving 65.6% of false detection. Using LBP wielded, on the same images, 68.3% on axle detection and 84.2% of false detection. These excesses was a negative result and can be related to intrinsic issues on the external road traffic environment. Two main factors affected the result: lighting condition changes and the movement of tree leaves and branches. Disregarding these two factors, the proposed system had 90.4% axle truck detection rate using adaptive threshold and mathematical morphology and 93.5% using LBP, and the false detection, changed for 66.5% e 54.7%. Thus, both proposed systems are considered promising.

Orientadores: Fernando Antônio Campos Gomide, Rodrigo Almeida Gonçalves / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T09:24:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_JoelmaCristina_M.pdf: 12733722 bytes, checksum: 82b5e37be3ff0d4e3be770beb101043b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O processo de distribuição e alocação de vagões vazios nas companhias ferroviárias é dinâmico e envolve mecanismos complexos de planejamento. Formalmente, a distribuição de vagões vazios pode ser formulado como um problema de alocação de recursos cuja solução é uma atribuição vagão-demanda. Do mesmo modo, o processo de alocação de vagões também pode ser formulado como um problema de atribuição vagão-trem. Neste caso, o processo de alocação de vagões se inicia depois que as atribuições vagão-demanda são geradas. O algoritmo de alocação atribui vagões aos trens da programação de trens para que sejam transportados até as demandas a que foram atribuídos. A decisão de distribuição e alocação exige do tomador de decisão uma resposta rápida, visto que, os resultados devem ser rapidamente passados para os pátios, para que as manobras de anexação e desanexação sejam executadas antes da chegada dos trens. Este trabalho propõe um algoritmo para resolver o problema de decisão no planejamento de distribuição e alocação de vagões em tempo real. O algoritmo baseia-se em um modelo de fluxo em redes que considera a grade de trens, as rotas e capacidades dos trens e a operação ferroviária. Neste trabalho também foi construído um algoritmo de distribuição nebuloso para considerar informações estratégicas como: confiabilidade dos clientes, previsibilidade no horizonte de tempo e a incerteza na quantidade de vagões pedida pela demanda. Os modelos clássicos existentes na literatura não tem considerado informações estratégicas na distribuição e alocação de vagões apesar destas informações, sempre serem consideradas quando a distribuição é realizada pelos distribuidores. Resultados experimentais mostram que o algoritmo proposto fornece soluções de distribuição e alocação realistas e eficientes, sob o ponto de vista da qualidade da solução e desempenho computacional. / Abstract: The empty car distribution and allocation process of railroads is dynamic and involves complex planning mechanisms. Formally, the empty car distribution problem can be formulated as a resources assignment problem, whose solution is car-demand assignment. Similarly, the empty car assignment problem can also be formulated as car-train assignment problem. In this case, the car assignment process starts after the car-demand attributions are created. The car assignment algorithm assigns cars to trains, in order to move the cars to its final demands. The empty car distribution and assignment problem requires from the decision maker a fast response. Since the results should be quickly propagated to the terminals(yards), in order to perform maneuvers, activities (attach and detach) before trains arrivals. This paper proposes an algorithm to solve a decision problem in the real time car distribution and assignment planning. The algorithm is based in a networks flow model that considers the train scheduling, routes and capacity of trains and railroad operations. This work also includes a fuzzy distribution algorithm to consider information strategic as customer reliability, time horizon predictability and uncertainty in the number of cars required by the demand. The classical models in the literature has not considered strategic information in the distribution and assignment planning, but it is always considered when the distribution planning is made by the distributors. Experimental results has shown that the proposed algorithms provides realistic and efficient solutions under quality of solution and computational performance point of view. / Mestrado / Engenharia de Computação / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Subtítulo extraído da capa / Subtítulo extraído da capa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T03:32:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goulart_FernandoCosta_M.pdf: 29309722 bytes, checksum: 646e65dfcc1ca87ca64add214a34ddbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A questão ambiental no Brasil, em termos de administração de recursos hídricos, constitui uma questão contemporânea da maior importância e enfrenta controvérsias de competência em face da legislação e atribuições nos âmbitos federal e estadual. O presente trabalho visa traçar um panorama da atividade de transporte de água potável através de caminhões-pipa, grau de regularidade e os conflitos existentes na legislação que regulamenta a explotação de água subterrânea. Tem ainda a finalidade de sistematizar a forma como ocorre em nosso Estado o gerenciamento e a fiscalização dessa atividade, os órgãos de fiscalização e controle, além de estudar a qualidade da água dessas empresas e o nível de atendimento às legislações vigentes num quadro de monopólio legal conferido às concessionárias de abastecimento de água. Traçar um panorama da questão hídrica em termos de solução alternativa de abastecimento de água potável, em poucas linhas, é o escopo do presente estudo, que avalia como a atividade de transporte de água a granel vem se desenvolvendo nas regiões estudadas. o estudo permitiu concluir que existem empresas de porte que executam a atividade de forma estruturada e empresarial, com investimentos maciços na produção de água subterrânea e no aparato logístico. Verificou-se, através da generalização de dados comuns às empresas estudadas, que as empresas estão organizadas na forma de uma associação, que abrange todo o território paulista. Para a realização das pesquisas, foram colhidos dados perante órgãos públicos que licenciam e fiscalizam a exploração de água subterrânea, Associação Paulista dos Aguadeiros e nas visitas de campo realizada em todas as empresas associadas. Assim, este trabalho visa colaborar para que o tema seja mais difundido entre a sociedade, pois como recurso nobre e esgotável, não resta dúvida de que neste século a sociedade como um todo cumprirá um importante papel na preservação e escorreita distribuição dos recursos hídricos / Abstract: The environmental subject in Brazil, in terms of administration of water resources, constitutes a contemporary subject of the largest importance and it faces ompetence controversies in face of the legislation and attributions in the federal and state extents. The present work seeks to draw a survey of the activity of transport of drinking water through trucks, regularity degree and the existent conflicts in the legislation that regulates the exploration of underground water. It still has the purpose of systematizing the form howit happens in our State the administration and the fiscalization of this activity, the fiscalization organs and control, besides studying the quality of the water of those companies and the service levei to the effective legislations in a vision law's monopoly attributed supply water concessionaires. To draw a survey of the subject water resources in terms of alternative solution of drinkable water supply, in few lines, it is the target of the present study that evaluates as the activity of water transport in bulk comes if developing in the studied regions. The study allowed to conclude that there are companies of port who execute the activity of structuralized and enterprise form, with massive investments in the underground water production and the logistic apparatus. It was verified, through the generalization of common data to the studied companies, who the companies are organized in the form of an association, which encloses the São Paulo territory alI. For the accomplishment of the research, they had been harvested given before public agencies that permit and fiscalize the underground water exploration, Associação Paulista de Aguadeiros and in the visits of field carried through in ali the companies associates. Thus, this work aims at to collaborate so that the subject more is spread out between the society, therefore as noble and exhaustible resource, it does not remain doubt of that in this century the society as a whole will fulfill to an importantpaper in the preservation and right distribution of the water resources / Mestrado / Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais / Mestre em Geociências