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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Acurácia do gravador de eventos do marcapasso cardíaco artificial versus Holter na detecção de arritmias ventriculares sintomáticas e assintomáticas / Accuracy of the artificial pacemakers monitoring system versus 72h Holter in the detection of symptomatic and asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmias

Sampaio, Stela Maria Vitorino 30 September 2015 (has links)
O sistema Holter é considerado padrão ouro para detecção de arritmias cardíacas, possibilitando o seu diagnóstico e sua relação com os sintomas do paciente. As novas gerações de marcapassos (MP) detectam e registram eletrogramas intracavitários e poderiam dispensar o Holter no seguimento dos pacientes. Os diferentes MP dispõem de algoritmos de detecção de arritmias ventriculares (AV) que variam de acordo com o modelo e sua correlação diagnóstica com Holter foi pouco estudada. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar 1. a correlação entre o monitor de eventos dos MP e do Holter na detecção de AV e 2. a concordância das AV detectadas nos dois sistemas. Foram estudados129 pacientes portadores de MP com função de detecção de arritmias, com idade média de 68,6+19.1 anos (entre 19 e 94), 54,8% do sexo feminino. Os pacientes foram submetidos à monitorização com Holter por 72 horas. Assim que o sistema foi ligado, os contadores de eventos dos marcapassos foram reiniciados e os relógios sincronizados, para que ambos os sistemas detectassem os eventos simultaneamente. Os MP foram programados para detecção de eventos com o menor valor de frequência ventricular (FV) e o menor número de batimentos sequenciais (BT) possíveis. Depois de 72 horas, os sistemas Holter foram retirados e os registros analisados, assim como os registros simultâneos dos gravadores dos MP. Foram qualificados como eventos arrítmicos no Holter e MP, respectivamente: EV isoladas e \"PVC\"; extra-sístoles em pares e \"couplets\"; TVNS (> 3BT) e \"triplets\"(3BT), \"runs\"(3 a 8 ou > 8 BT) e \"HVR\" (3 ou 4 BT). As correlações de Spearman foram utilizadas para avaliar se o marcapasso acompanha a detecção dos parâmetros do Holter. Os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse e os respectivos intervalos com 95% de confiança, calculados para avaliar a concordâncias entre os parâmetros equivalentes do marcapasso e do Holter. Foram calculados os coeficientes Kappa para avaliar a concordância na detecção de > 10 \"PVC\"/h com > 10 EV/h. Resultados: Os monitores dos marcapassos subestimaram o Holter. Os registros de \"PVC\", \"triplet\" e \"HVR\" por TVNS apresentaram correlações positivas em relação aos parâmetros do Holter, sendo a mais alta aquela entre \"PVC\" e EV (r=0,501). Porém, a concordância entre os tipos de arritmias detectadas foi baixa (CCI < 0,5), exceção feita à concordância de \"triplet\" com TVNS de três batimentos (CCI=0.984). A concordância na detecção de mais de 10 PVC/h e mais de 10 EV/h foi moderada (kappa= 0,483), embora para os MP da Medtronic, o coeficiente de concordância foi alto (kappa=0.877). Para os MP com algoritmo de detecção de sequências de três batimentos com FV menor que 140bpm ( < 140/3), a correlação entre HVR e TVNS foi expressiva (r = 1), sendo a concordância entre esses parâmetros também bastante alta (CCI = 0,800). Conclusões: A correlação e a concordância na detecção de AV registradas nos MP e no Holter foram inconsistentes. Padronização dos algoritmos de detecção de AV, semelhantes os do sistema Holter, é necessária para que os pacientes portadores de dispositivos implantáveis possam se beneficiar dessa função para seguimento clínico e estratificação de risco / The Holter monitoring is considered the gold standard method for detection of cardiac arrhythmias, enabling its diagnosis and its correlation with the patient\'s symptoms. New generations of artificial pacemakers can detect and record intracavitary electrograms and, theoretically, could discard the Holter during the follow-up of the patients. Pacemakers have different ventricular arrhythmias (VA) detection algorithms, varying according to the model. Their diagnosis capacity comparing to Holter monitoring has been poorly studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate 1. the correlation between the event monitor of the pacemaker and the Holter in VA detection and 2. the agreement between the VA detected in both systems. We studied 129 patients with implanted pacemakers, which had arrhythmia detection function, mean age of 68.6 + 19.1 years (19 to 94), 54.8% female. The patients underwent Holter monitoring for 72 hours. Once the system was connected, event counters of pacemakers were reset and the clocks synchronized, so that both systems could detect the arrhythmic events simultaneously. The pacemakers were programmed to detect events with the lowest ventricular rate and lowest number of sequential beats allowed for each model. After 72 hours, Holter systems were removed and the records analyzed, as well as the simultaneous records of the pacemakers. Were considered as arrhythmic events: PVC isolated (in the pacemaker described as \"PVC\"); premature beats in pairs (pacemaker described as \"couplets\"); NSVT (pacemaker described as \"triplets\"- 3beats, \"runs\"- 4 to 8 or > 8 beats and \"HVR\"- 3 to 4 beats). Spearman rank correlations were used to assess whether the pacemaker and Holter identified the same parameters. The intraclass correlation coefficients and the respective intervals with 95% confidence were calculated to evaluate the concordance between the equivalent parameters of the pacemaker and Holter. Kappa coefficients were calculated to assess the agreement in the detection of > 10 PVC/h by the pacemakers and by the Holter. Results: The pacemakers underestimated the arrhythmias detection of Holter. Records of \"PVC\", \"triplet\" and \"HVR\" by NSVT showed positive correlations with the Holter parameters, and the highest one was among \"PVC\" and EV (r = 0.501). The agreement between the types of arrhythmias detected was quite low (CCI < 0.5), except for \"triplet\" detected by pacemakers and three beats NSVT by Holter (ICC = 0.984). The correlation detection for more than 10 PVC /h was moderate (kappa = 0.483), except for Medtronic pacemakers (kappa=0.877). When the pacemaker was programmed to detect sequences of three beats with heart rate lower than 140bpm ( < 140/3), the correlation between HVR and NSVT was perfect (r = 1) and the agreement between these parameters was also quite high (ICC = 0.800). Conclusions: The correlation and agreement between pacemakers and Holter monitoring in the detection of VA were not consistent. A standardization of the pacemakers\' detection algorithms is necessary before using this function for clinical follow-up and risk stratification of the patients
42

Correlação da deformação miocárdica pelo speckle tracking com arritmias malignas em portadores de cardiomiopatia hipertrófica / Correlation of myocardial deformation by Speckle Tracking with malignant arrhythmias in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Toledo, Leonardo Mello Guimarães de 17 May 2017 (has links)
Estratificar o risco de morte súbita é um grande desafio no manejo da cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH). Os fatores de risco existentes atualmente apresentam baixo valor preditivo positivo e a estratégia para prevenção primária de morte súbita, que é o implante do cardiodesfibrilador implantável (CDI), baseia-se nesses fatores. Estudos que validem novos marcadores de risco são necessários, objetivando identificar pacientes com maior risco de morte súbita. A avaliação da deformação miocárdica (strain) por meio do Speckle Tracking na ecocardiografia bidimensional determina a função regional e global do ventrículo esquerdo, e, ainda, pode se correlacionar à fibrose miocárdica. Objetivo: Avaliar, em portadores de CMH e CDI, se a deformação miocárdica avaliada pelo Speckle Tracking, correlaciona-se com a ocorrência de taquiarritmias ventriculares registradas no monitor de eventos do CDI. Métodos: Foram incluídos 49 pacientes (43,5±15,8 anos; 59% mulheres) portadores de CMH e CDI acompanhados nos ambulatórios de Eletrofisiologia e Miocardiopatias do Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação ecocardiográfica convencional padrão e análise do strain miocárdico pelo Speckle Tracking bidimensional. Foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo A, composto por aqueles que receberam terapia apropriada pelo CDI ou tiveram apenas a documentação de taquicardia ventricular não sustentada pelo CDI; e grupo B, composto por pacientes sem documentação de arritmias ventriculares no monitor de eventos. As variáveis contínuas foram comparadas utilizando-se testes t de Student pareado ou Mann-Whitney; para as categóricas o teste do x2 ou testes exatos de Fisher. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se o programa SPSS. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados: Em 93,9% da população, a indicação do CDI foi por prevenção primária. Quinze pacientes (30,6%) compuseram o grupo A, 10 pacientes, por apresentarem taquicardia ventricular não sustentada (TVNS) e 5 por taquicardia ventricular sustentada (TVS). Os parâmetros ecocardiográficos convencionais não foram diferentes entre os grupos, com exceção do diâmetro da raiz aórtica, maior no grupo A (33,6 ± 4,4 e 29,4 ± 3,5, p = 0,001). Os valores do strain bidimensional longitudinal global, circunferencial global e radial global estavam reduzidos na população, porém não foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os grupos A e B. Pacientes do grupo A tiveram redução significante do strain circunferencial médio ao nível da valva mitral (SC médio VM) e do strain circunferencial no segmento ântero-septal ao nível da valva mitral (SC ântero-septal VM), em relação aos pacientes do grupo B (-12,3 ± 3,2 e -16 ± 3,9, p = 0,041 e -13,6 ± 6,6 e -18,7 ± 7,2, p = 0,039, respectivamente). O SC médio VM >= -14,2% apresentou 84,6% de sensibilidade e 70% de especificidade para predizer a ocorrência de taquicardias ventriculares em portadores de CMH com uma área sob a curva de 0,76 e nível de significância de 0,005; e O SC ântero-septal VM >= -17,9% apresentou 77% de sensibilidade e 60% de especificidade para predizer a ocorrência de taquicardias ventriculares em portadores de CMH com uma área sob a curva de 0,68 e nível de significância de 0,044. Conclusões: A presença de SC médio VM > -14,2% e SC ântero-septal VM > -17,9% correlacionaram-se com a presença de arritmias ventriculares malignas. Houve correlação positiva entre a presença de arritmias ventriculares malignas e o diâmetro da raiz da aorta. / Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death is still a challenging in the management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The existing risk factors present low positive predictive value, and the strategy for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death, that is the implantable cardioverter-defibrillation (ICD), is based on these factors. Studies to validate new risk markers are necessaries to identify patients with higher sudden cardiac death risk. The evaluation of myocardial deformation (strain) through Speckle Tracking in two-dimensional echocardiography determines the regional and global function of the left ventricle, and still correlate with myocardial fibrosis. Objective: To evaluate, in patients with HCM and ICD, if the myocardial deformation evaluated through the Speckle Tracking correlates with the occurrence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias recorded in the monitor of implantable cardioverter-defribillation events. Methods: Forty-nine patients (mean age, 43,5 ± 15,8; 59% women) with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and implantable cardioverter-defibrillation followed in Eletrophysiology and Cardiomyopathies Divisions at Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology were included in the study. All patients underwent standard conventional echocardiographic evaluation and analysis of myocardial strain through two-dimensional Speckle Tracking. Patients were divided in two groups: group A, composed of those who received appropriate therapy by the ICD or had only the documentation of ventricular tachycardia not sustained by the ICD; group B, composed of patients without documented ventricular arrhythmias in the event monitor. Continuous variables were compared using paired t-Student test or Mann-Whitney. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square test or Fisher exact test. For data analysis, the SPSS program was used. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Forty-nine patients (mean age, 43,5 ± 15,8; 59% women) were evaluated. 93.9% in the ICD was for Primary Prevention. Fifteen patients comprised the group A, ten patients for presenting Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia (NSVT) and five for Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia (SVT). Conventional echocardiographic parameters were not different between the groups, except for the aortic root diameter, higher in group A (33,6 ± 4,4 and 29,4 ± 3,5; p= 0,001). The values of global longitudinal, global circumferential and global radial two-dimensional strain were reduced in the population, but not statistically significant between groups A and B. Patients in group A had a significant reduction of the mean circumferential strain at the level of the mitral valve (mean SC MV) and the circumferential strain at the anteroseptal segment at the level of the mitral valve (anteroseptal MV SC), compared to the patients in group B (-12.3 ± 3.2 and -16 ± 3.9, p = 0.041 and -13.6 ± 6.6 and -18.7 ± 7.2, p = 0.039, respectively). The mean MV SC >= -14.2% presented 84.6% sensitivity and 70% specificity to predict the occurrence of ventricular tachycardias in patients with HCM with an area under the curve of 0.76 and a level of significance of 0.005 and Anteroposterior MV >= -17.9% presented 77% sensitivity and 60% specificity to predict the occurrence of ventricular tachycardias in patients with HCM with an area under the curve of 0.68 and a level of significance of 0.044. Conclusions: The presence of mean circumferential strain at the level of the mitral valve > -14,2% and anteroseptal circumferential strain at the level of the mitral valve > -17,9% correlated with the presence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. There was a positive correlation between the presence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and the aortic root diameter.
43

När hjärtat slår för fort : En fenomenologosk hermeneutisk studie av att leva med och vårdas för förmakstakykardi

Sahlin, Benny January 2009 (has links)
<p>Det finns få vårdvetenskapliga studier av personer som lever med eller vårdas för olika former av förmakstakykardi. Det saknas även riktlinjer för sjuksköterskor hur de ska omhänderta patienter med förmakstakykardier i lika stor utsträckning som vid andra hjärtsjukdomar. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att beskriva innebörder att leva med och vårdas för förmakstakykardi. Studien har ett livsvärldsperspektiv och ett dialektiskt perspektiv på processen mellan vård och besvär. Data samlades in med kvalitativa intervjuer. Fyra män och tre kvinnor intervjuades. Datan analyserades med en fenomenologisk hermeneutisk metod enligt Lindseth och Norberg (2004). I resultatet belyses processen mellan vård och besvär av förmakstakykardi. Resultatet visar att patienter vars förmakstakykardi har gått över innan de kommer till sjukhus har svårt att få någon diagnos. Resultatet påvisar också att vården inte förser patienterna med den kunskap de behöver i sitt dagliga liv och att det är ett större problem för patienterna att takykardin återkommer än när den pågår. Om dessa aspekter inte tillgodoses så kan det uppstå ett vårdlidande.</p> / <p>There are few studies with a caring science perspective of people who lives or being cared for different forms of supraventricular tachycardia. There is also a lack in guidelines for nurses how to care for patients with supraventrikulär tachycardia in comparison with other heart conditions. The aim of this study is to describe meanings of living with and being under care for supraventricular tachycardia. The study has an lifeworld perspective and a dialectic perspective on the process between caring and inconvenience. Data was collected with qualitative interviews. Four men and three women where interviewed. The data was analyzed using an phenomenological hermeneutic method as described by Lindseth and Norberg (2004). The result enlightens the process between care and inconvenience of supraventricular tachycardia. The result shows that patients with a supraventricular tachycardia that ends before they reach the hospital have difficulties to be diagnosed. The result also points out that the given care dos not provide the patients with the knowledge they need in their daily life and it is a greater problem for the patients that the tachycardia returns then it is when its actually going on. Failing these aspects may inflict a suffering caused by care.</p>
44

När hjärtat slår för fort : En fenomenologosk hermeneutisk studie av att leva med och vårdas för förmakstakykardi

Sahlin, Benny January 2009 (has links)
Det finns få vårdvetenskapliga studier av personer som lever med eller vårdas för olika former av förmakstakykardi. Det saknas även riktlinjer för sjuksköterskor hur de ska omhänderta patienter med förmakstakykardier i lika stor utsträckning som vid andra hjärtsjukdomar. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att beskriva innebörder att leva med och vårdas för förmakstakykardi. Studien har ett livsvärldsperspektiv och ett dialektiskt perspektiv på processen mellan vård och besvär. Data samlades in med kvalitativa intervjuer. Fyra män och tre kvinnor intervjuades. Datan analyserades med en fenomenologisk hermeneutisk metod enligt Lindseth och Norberg (2004). I resultatet belyses processen mellan vård och besvär av förmakstakykardi. Resultatet visar att patienter vars förmakstakykardi har gått över innan de kommer till sjukhus har svårt att få någon diagnos. Resultatet påvisar också att vården inte förser patienterna med den kunskap de behöver i sitt dagliga liv och att det är ett större problem för patienterna att takykardin återkommer än när den pågår. Om dessa aspekter inte tillgodoses så kan det uppstå ett vårdlidande. / There are few studies with a caring science perspective of people who lives or being cared for different forms of supraventricular tachycardia. There is also a lack in guidelines for nurses how to care for patients with supraventrikulär tachycardia in comparison with other heart conditions. The aim of this study is to describe meanings of living with and being under care for supraventricular tachycardia. The study has an lifeworld perspective and a dialectic perspective on the process between caring and inconvenience. Data was collected with qualitative interviews. Four men and three women where interviewed. The data was analyzed using an phenomenological hermeneutic method as described by Lindseth and Norberg (2004). The result enlightens the process between care and inconvenience of supraventricular tachycardia. The result shows that patients with a supraventricular tachycardia that ends before they reach the hospital have difficulties to be diagnosed. The result also points out that the given care dos not provide the patients with the knowledge they need in their daily life and it is a greater problem for the patients that the tachycardia returns then it is when its actually going on. Failing these aspects may inflict a suffering caused by care.
45

Incidence, prognosis, and factors associated with cardiac arrest in patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes (the GRACE Registry): A master's thesis

McManus, David D. 29 April 2012 (has links)
Objectives: Contemporary data are lacking with respect to the incidence rates of, factors associated with, and impact of cardiac arrest from ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia (VF-CA) on hospital survival in patients admitted with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The objectives of this multinational study were to characterize trends in the magnitude of in-hospital VF-CA complicating an ACS and describe its impact over time on hospital prognosis. Methods: The study population consisted of 59,161 patients enrolled in the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events Study between 2000 and 2007. Overall, 3,618 patients (6.2%) developed VF-CA during their hospitalization for an ACS. Incidence rates of VF-CA declined over time, albeit in an inconsistent manner. Patients who experienced VF-CA were on average older and had a greater burden of cardiovascular disease, yet were less likely to receive evidence-based cardiac therapies than patients in whom VF-CA did not occur. Hospital death rates were 55.3% and 1.5% in patients with and without VF-CA, respectively. There was a greater than 50% decline in the hospital death rates associated with VF-CA during the years under study. Patients with a VF-CA occurring after 48 hours were at especially high risk for dying during hospitalization (82.8%). Conclusions: Despite reductions in the magnitude of, and short-term mortality from, VF-CA between 2000 and 2007, VF-CA continues to exert a significant adverse effect on survival among patients hospitalized with an ACS. Opportunities exist to improve the identification and treatment of ACS patients at risk for VF-CA to reduce the incidence of, and mortality from, this serious arrhythmic disturbance.
46

Influence of Heterogeneities on Waves of Excitation in the Heart

Baig-Meininghaus, Tariq 07 September 2017 (has links)
No description available.
47

Correlação da deformação miocárdica pelo speckle tracking com arritmias malignas em portadores de cardiomiopatia hipertrófica / Correlation of myocardial deformation by Speckle Tracking with malignant arrhythmias in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Leonardo Mello Guimarães de Toledo 17 May 2017 (has links)
Estratificar o risco de morte súbita é um grande desafio no manejo da cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH). Os fatores de risco existentes atualmente apresentam baixo valor preditivo positivo e a estratégia para prevenção primária de morte súbita, que é o implante do cardiodesfibrilador implantável (CDI), baseia-se nesses fatores. Estudos que validem novos marcadores de risco são necessários, objetivando identificar pacientes com maior risco de morte súbita. A avaliação da deformação miocárdica (strain) por meio do Speckle Tracking na ecocardiografia bidimensional determina a função regional e global do ventrículo esquerdo, e, ainda, pode se correlacionar à fibrose miocárdica. Objetivo: Avaliar, em portadores de CMH e CDI, se a deformação miocárdica avaliada pelo Speckle Tracking, correlaciona-se com a ocorrência de taquiarritmias ventriculares registradas no monitor de eventos do CDI. Métodos: Foram incluídos 49 pacientes (43,5±15,8 anos; 59% mulheres) portadores de CMH e CDI acompanhados nos ambulatórios de Eletrofisiologia e Miocardiopatias do Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação ecocardiográfica convencional padrão e análise do strain miocárdico pelo Speckle Tracking bidimensional. Foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo A, composto por aqueles que receberam terapia apropriada pelo CDI ou tiveram apenas a documentação de taquicardia ventricular não sustentada pelo CDI; e grupo B, composto por pacientes sem documentação de arritmias ventriculares no monitor de eventos. As variáveis contínuas foram comparadas utilizando-se testes t de Student pareado ou Mann-Whitney; para as categóricas o teste do x2 ou testes exatos de Fisher. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se o programa SPSS. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados: Em 93,9% da população, a indicação do CDI foi por prevenção primária. Quinze pacientes (30,6%) compuseram o grupo A, 10 pacientes, por apresentarem taquicardia ventricular não sustentada (TVNS) e 5 por taquicardia ventricular sustentada (TVS). Os parâmetros ecocardiográficos convencionais não foram diferentes entre os grupos, com exceção do diâmetro da raiz aórtica, maior no grupo A (33,6 ± 4,4 e 29,4 ± 3,5, p = 0,001). Os valores do strain bidimensional longitudinal global, circunferencial global e radial global estavam reduzidos na população, porém não foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os grupos A e B. Pacientes do grupo A tiveram redução significante do strain circunferencial médio ao nível da valva mitral (SC médio VM) e do strain circunferencial no segmento ântero-septal ao nível da valva mitral (SC ântero-septal VM), em relação aos pacientes do grupo B (-12,3 ± 3,2 e -16 ± 3,9, p = 0,041 e -13,6 ± 6,6 e -18,7 ± 7,2, p = 0,039, respectivamente). O SC médio VM >= -14,2% apresentou 84,6% de sensibilidade e 70% de especificidade para predizer a ocorrência de taquicardias ventriculares em portadores de CMH com uma área sob a curva de 0,76 e nível de significância de 0,005; e O SC ântero-septal VM >= -17,9% apresentou 77% de sensibilidade e 60% de especificidade para predizer a ocorrência de taquicardias ventriculares em portadores de CMH com uma área sob a curva de 0,68 e nível de significância de 0,044. Conclusões: A presença de SC médio VM > -14,2% e SC ântero-septal VM > -17,9% correlacionaram-se com a presença de arritmias ventriculares malignas. Houve correlação positiva entre a presença de arritmias ventriculares malignas e o diâmetro da raiz da aorta. / Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death is still a challenging in the management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The existing risk factors present low positive predictive value, and the strategy for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death, that is the implantable cardioverter-defibrillation (ICD), is based on these factors. Studies to validate new risk markers are necessaries to identify patients with higher sudden cardiac death risk. The evaluation of myocardial deformation (strain) through Speckle Tracking in two-dimensional echocardiography determines the regional and global function of the left ventricle, and still correlate with myocardial fibrosis. Objective: To evaluate, in patients with HCM and ICD, if the myocardial deformation evaluated through the Speckle Tracking correlates with the occurrence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias recorded in the monitor of implantable cardioverter-defribillation events. Methods: Forty-nine patients (mean age, 43,5 ± 15,8; 59% women) with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and implantable cardioverter-defibrillation followed in Eletrophysiology and Cardiomyopathies Divisions at Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology were included in the study. All patients underwent standard conventional echocardiographic evaluation and analysis of myocardial strain through two-dimensional Speckle Tracking. Patients were divided in two groups: group A, composed of those who received appropriate therapy by the ICD or had only the documentation of ventricular tachycardia not sustained by the ICD; group B, composed of patients without documented ventricular arrhythmias in the event monitor. Continuous variables were compared using paired t-Student test or Mann-Whitney. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square test or Fisher exact test. For data analysis, the SPSS program was used. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Forty-nine patients (mean age, 43,5 ± 15,8; 59% women) were evaluated. 93.9% in the ICD was for Primary Prevention. Fifteen patients comprised the group A, ten patients for presenting Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia (NSVT) and five for Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia (SVT). Conventional echocardiographic parameters were not different between the groups, except for the aortic root diameter, higher in group A (33,6 ± 4,4 and 29,4 ± 3,5; p= 0,001). The values of global longitudinal, global circumferential and global radial two-dimensional strain were reduced in the population, but not statistically significant between groups A and B. Patients in group A had a significant reduction of the mean circumferential strain at the level of the mitral valve (mean SC MV) and the circumferential strain at the anteroseptal segment at the level of the mitral valve (anteroseptal MV SC), compared to the patients in group B (-12.3 ± 3.2 and -16 ± 3.9, p = 0.041 and -13.6 ± 6.6 and -18.7 ± 7.2, p = 0.039, respectively). The mean MV SC >= -14.2% presented 84.6% sensitivity and 70% specificity to predict the occurrence of ventricular tachycardias in patients with HCM with an area under the curve of 0.76 and a level of significance of 0.005 and Anteroposterior MV >= -17.9% presented 77% sensitivity and 60% specificity to predict the occurrence of ventricular tachycardias in patients with HCM with an area under the curve of 0.68 and a level of significance of 0.044. Conclusions: The presence of mean circumferential strain at the level of the mitral valve > -14,2% and anteroseptal circumferential strain at the level of the mitral valve > -17,9% correlated with the presence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. There was a positive correlation between the presence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and the aortic root diameter.
48

Acurácia do gravador de eventos do marcapasso cardíaco artificial versus Holter na detecção de arritmias ventriculares sintomáticas e assintomáticas / Accuracy of the artificial pacemakers monitoring system versus 72h Holter in the detection of symptomatic and asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmias

Stela Maria Vitorino Sampaio 30 September 2015 (has links)
O sistema Holter é considerado padrão ouro para detecção de arritmias cardíacas, possibilitando o seu diagnóstico e sua relação com os sintomas do paciente. As novas gerações de marcapassos (MP) detectam e registram eletrogramas intracavitários e poderiam dispensar o Holter no seguimento dos pacientes. Os diferentes MP dispõem de algoritmos de detecção de arritmias ventriculares (AV) que variam de acordo com o modelo e sua correlação diagnóstica com Holter foi pouco estudada. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar 1. a correlação entre o monitor de eventos dos MP e do Holter na detecção de AV e 2. a concordância das AV detectadas nos dois sistemas. Foram estudados129 pacientes portadores de MP com função de detecção de arritmias, com idade média de 68,6+19.1 anos (entre 19 e 94), 54,8% do sexo feminino. Os pacientes foram submetidos à monitorização com Holter por 72 horas. Assim que o sistema foi ligado, os contadores de eventos dos marcapassos foram reiniciados e os relógios sincronizados, para que ambos os sistemas detectassem os eventos simultaneamente. Os MP foram programados para detecção de eventos com o menor valor de frequência ventricular (FV) e o menor número de batimentos sequenciais (BT) possíveis. Depois de 72 horas, os sistemas Holter foram retirados e os registros analisados, assim como os registros simultâneos dos gravadores dos MP. Foram qualificados como eventos arrítmicos no Holter e MP, respectivamente: EV isoladas e \"PVC\"; extra-sístoles em pares e \"couplets\"; TVNS (> 3BT) e \"triplets\"(3BT), \"runs\"(3 a 8 ou > 8 BT) e \"HVR\" (3 ou 4 BT). As correlações de Spearman foram utilizadas para avaliar se o marcapasso acompanha a detecção dos parâmetros do Holter. Os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse e os respectivos intervalos com 95% de confiança, calculados para avaliar a concordâncias entre os parâmetros equivalentes do marcapasso e do Holter. Foram calculados os coeficientes Kappa para avaliar a concordância na detecção de > 10 \"PVC\"/h com > 10 EV/h. Resultados: Os monitores dos marcapassos subestimaram o Holter. Os registros de \"PVC\", \"triplet\" e \"HVR\" por TVNS apresentaram correlações positivas em relação aos parâmetros do Holter, sendo a mais alta aquela entre \"PVC\" e EV (r=0,501). Porém, a concordância entre os tipos de arritmias detectadas foi baixa (CCI < 0,5), exceção feita à concordância de \"triplet\" com TVNS de três batimentos (CCI=0.984). A concordância na detecção de mais de 10 PVC/h e mais de 10 EV/h foi moderada (kappa= 0,483), embora para os MP da Medtronic, o coeficiente de concordância foi alto (kappa=0.877). Para os MP com algoritmo de detecção de sequências de três batimentos com FV menor que 140bpm ( < 140/3), a correlação entre HVR e TVNS foi expressiva (r = 1), sendo a concordância entre esses parâmetros também bastante alta (CCI = 0,800). Conclusões: A correlação e a concordância na detecção de AV registradas nos MP e no Holter foram inconsistentes. Padronização dos algoritmos de detecção de AV, semelhantes os do sistema Holter, é necessária para que os pacientes portadores de dispositivos implantáveis possam se beneficiar dessa função para seguimento clínico e estratificação de risco / The Holter monitoring is considered the gold standard method for detection of cardiac arrhythmias, enabling its diagnosis and its correlation with the patient\'s symptoms. New generations of artificial pacemakers can detect and record intracavitary electrograms and, theoretically, could discard the Holter during the follow-up of the patients. Pacemakers have different ventricular arrhythmias (VA) detection algorithms, varying according to the model. Their diagnosis capacity comparing to Holter monitoring has been poorly studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate 1. the correlation between the event monitor of the pacemaker and the Holter in VA detection and 2. the agreement between the VA detected in both systems. We studied 129 patients with implanted pacemakers, which had arrhythmia detection function, mean age of 68.6 + 19.1 years (19 to 94), 54.8% female. The patients underwent Holter monitoring for 72 hours. Once the system was connected, event counters of pacemakers were reset and the clocks synchronized, so that both systems could detect the arrhythmic events simultaneously. The pacemakers were programmed to detect events with the lowest ventricular rate and lowest number of sequential beats allowed for each model. After 72 hours, Holter systems were removed and the records analyzed, as well as the simultaneous records of the pacemakers. Were considered as arrhythmic events: PVC isolated (in the pacemaker described as \"PVC\"); premature beats in pairs (pacemaker described as \"couplets\"); NSVT (pacemaker described as \"triplets\"- 3beats, \"runs\"- 4 to 8 or > 8 beats and \"HVR\"- 3 to 4 beats). Spearman rank correlations were used to assess whether the pacemaker and Holter identified the same parameters. The intraclass correlation coefficients and the respective intervals with 95% confidence were calculated to evaluate the concordance between the equivalent parameters of the pacemaker and Holter. Kappa coefficients were calculated to assess the agreement in the detection of > 10 PVC/h by the pacemakers and by the Holter. Results: The pacemakers underestimated the arrhythmias detection of Holter. Records of \"PVC\", \"triplet\" and \"HVR\" by NSVT showed positive correlations with the Holter parameters, and the highest one was among \"PVC\" and EV (r = 0.501). The agreement between the types of arrhythmias detected was quite low (CCI < 0.5), except for \"triplet\" detected by pacemakers and three beats NSVT by Holter (ICC = 0.984). The correlation detection for more than 10 PVC /h was moderate (kappa = 0.483), except for Medtronic pacemakers (kappa=0.877). When the pacemaker was programmed to detect sequences of three beats with heart rate lower than 140bpm ( < 140/3), the correlation between HVR and NSVT was perfect (r = 1) and the agreement between these parameters was also quite high (ICC = 0.800). Conclusions: The correlation and agreement between pacemakers and Holter monitoring in the detection of VA were not consistent. A standardization of the pacemakers\' detection algorithms is necessary before using this function for clinical follow-up and risk stratification of the patients
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Auswirkung von drei konsekutiven Kryoenergieapplikationen auf die Bildung und Größe von Ablationsläsionen und die Koronararterien im sich entwickelnden Myokard / Effects of triple cryoenergy application on lesion formation and coronary arteries in the developing myocardium

Abreu da Cunha, Filipe 27 October 2020 (has links)
No description available.
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Computational modelling of the human heart and multiscale simulation of its electrophysiological activity aimed at the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias related to ischaemia and Infarction

López Pérez, Alejandro Daniel 02 September 2019 (has links)
[ES] Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la principal causa de morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial, causando en torno a 18 millones de muertes cada año. De entre ellas, la más común es la enfermedad isquémica cardíaca, habitualmente denominada como infarto de miocardio (IM). Tras superar un IM, un considerable número de pacientes desarrollan taquicardias ventriculares (TV) potencialmente mortales durante la fase crónica del IM, es decir, semanas, meses o incluso años después la fase aguda inicial. Este tipo concreto de TV normalmente se origina por una reentrada a través de canales de conducción (CC), filamentos de miocardio superviviente que atraviesan la cicatriz del infarto fibrosa y no conductora. Cuando los fármacos anti-arrítmicos resultan incapaces de evitar episodios recurrentes de TV, la ablación por radiofrecuencia (ARF), un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo realizado mediante cateterismo en el laboratorio de electrofisiología (EF), se usa habitualmente para interrumpir de manera permanente la propagación eléctrica a través de los CCs responsables de la TV. Sin embargo, además de ser invasivo, arriesgado y requerir mucho tiempo, en casos de TVs relacionadas con IM crónico, hasta un 50% de los pacientes continúa padeciendo episodios recurrentes de TV tras el procedimiento de ARF. Por tanto, existe la necesidad de desarrollar nuevas estrategias pre-procedimiento para mejorar la planificación de la ARF y, de ese modo, aumentar esta tasa de éxito relativamente baja. En primer lugar, realizamos una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura referente a los modelos cardiacos 3D existentes, con el fin de obtener un profundo conocimiento de sus principales características y los métodos usados en su construcción, con especial atención sobre los modelos orientados a simulación de EF cardíaca. Luego, usando datos clínicos de un paciente con historial de TV relacionada con infarto, diseñamos e implementamos una serie de estrategias y metodologías para (1) generar modelos computacionales 3D específicos de paciente de ventrículos infartados que puedan usarse para realizar simulaciones de EF cardíaca a nivel de órgano, incluyendo la cicatriz del infarto y la región circundante conocida como zona de borde (ZB); (2) construir modelos 3D de torso que permitan la obtención del ECG simulado; y (3) llevar a cabo estudios in-silico de EF personalizados y pre-procedimiento, tratando de replicar los verdaderos estudios de EF realizados en el laboratorio de EF antes de la ablación. La finalidad de estas metodologías es la de localizar los CCs en el modelo ventricular 3D para ayudar a definir los objetivos de ablación óptimos para el procedimiento de ARF. Por último, realizamos el estudio retrospectivo por simulación de un caso, en el que logramos inducir la TV reentrante relacionada con el infarto usando diferentes configuraciones de modelado para la ZB. Validamos nuestros resultados mediante la reproducción, con una precisión razonable, del ECG del paciente en TV, así como en ritmo sinusal a partir de los mapas de activación endocárdica obtenidos invasivamente mediante sistemas de mapeado electroanatómico en este último caso. Esto permitió encontrar la ubicación y analizar las características del CC responsable de la TV clínica. Cabe destacar que dicho estudio in-silico de EF podría haberse efectuado antes del procedimiento de ARF, puesto que nuestro planteamiento está completamente basado en datos clínicos no invasivos adquiridos antes de la intervención real. Estos resultados confirman la viabilidad de la realización de estudios in-silico de EF personalizados y pre-procedimiento de utilidad, así como el potencial del abordaje propuesto para llegar a ser en un futuro una herramienta de apoyo para la planificación de la ARF en casos de TVs reentrantes relacionadas con infarto. No obstante, la metodología propuesta requiere de notables mejoras y validación por medio de es / [CA] Les malalties cardiovasculars constitueixen la principal causa de morbiditat i mortalitat a nivell mundial, causant entorn a 18 milions de morts cada any. De elles, la més comuna és la malaltia isquèmica cardíaca, habitualment denominada infart de miocardi (IM). Després de superar un IM, un considerable nombre de pacients desenvolupen taquicàrdies ventriculars (TV) potencialment mortals durant la fase crònica de l'IM, és a dir, setmanes, mesos i fins i tot anys després de la fase aguda inicial. Aquest tipus concret de TV normalment s'origina per una reentrada a través dels canals de conducció (CC), filaments de miocardi supervivent que travessen la cicatriu de l'infart fibrosa i no conductora. Quan els fàrmacs anti-arítmics resulten incapaços d'evitar episodis recurrents de TV, l'ablació per radiofreqüència (ARF), un procediment mínimament invasiu realitzat mitjançant cateterisme en el laboratori de electrofisiologia (EF), s'usa habitualment per a interrompre de manera permanent la propagació elèctrica a través dels CCs responsables de la TV. No obstant això, a més de ser invasiu, arriscat i requerir molt de temps, en casos de TVs relacionades amb IM crònic fins a un 50% dels pacients continua patint episodis recurrents de TV després del procediment d'ARF. Per tant, existeix la necessitat de desenvolupar noves estratègies pre-procediment per a millorar la planificació de l'ARF i, d'aquesta manera, augmentar la taxa d'èxit, que es relativament baixa. En primer lloc, realitzem una revisió exhaustiva de la literatura referent als models cardíacs 3D existents, amb la finalitat d'obtindre un profund coneixement de les seues principals característiques i els mètodes usats en la seua construcció, amb especial atenció sobre els models orientats a simulació de EF cardíaca. Posteriorment, usant dades clíniques d'un pacient amb historial de TV relacionada amb infart, dissenyem i implementem una sèrie d'estratègies i metodologies per a (1) generar models computacionals 3D específics de pacient de ventricles infartats capaços de realitzar simulacions de EF cardíaca a nivell d'òrgan, incloent la cicatriu de l'infart i la regió circumdant coneguda com a zona de vora (ZV); (2) construir models 3D de tors que permeten l'obtenció del ECG simulat; i (3) dur a terme estudis in-silico de EF personalitzats i pre-procediment, tractant de replicar els vertaders estudis de EF realitzats en el laboratori de EF abans de l'ablació. La finalitat d'aquestes metodologies és la de localitzar els CCs en el model ventricular 3D per a ajudar a definir els objectius d'ablació òptims per al procediment d'ARF. Finalment, a manera de prova de concepte, realitzem l'estudi retrospectiu per simulació d'un cas, en el qual aconseguim induir la TV reentrant relacionada amb l'infart usant diferents configuracions de modelatge per a la ZV. Validem els nostres resultats mitjançant la reproducció, amb una precisió raonable, del ECG del pacient en TV, així com en ritme sinusal a partir dels mapes d'activació endocardíac obtinguts invasivament mitjançant sistemes de mapatge electro-anatòmic en aquest últim cas. Això va permetre trobar la ubicació i analitzar les característiques del CC responsable de la TV clínica. Cal destacar que aquest estudi in-silico de EF podria haver-se efectuat abans del procediment d'ARF, ja que el nostre plantejament està completament basat en dades clíniques no invasius adquirits abans de la intervenció real. Aquests resultats confirmen la viabilitat de la realització d'estudis in-silico de EF personalitzats i pre-procediment d'utilitat, així com el potencial de l'abordatge proposat per a arribar a ser en un futur una eina de suport per a la planificació de l'ARF en casos de TVs reentrants relacionades amb infart. No obstant això, la metodologia proposada requereix de notables millores i validació per mitjà d'estudis de simulació amb grans cohorts de pacients. / [EN] Cardiovascular diseases represent the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, causing around 18 million deaths every year. Among these diseases, the most common one is the ischaemic heart disease, usually referred to as myocardial infarction (MI). After surviving to a MI, a considerable number of patients develop life-threatening ventricular tachycardias (VT) during the chronic stage of the MI, that is, weeks, months or even years after the initial acute phase. This particular type of VT is typically sustained by reentry through slow conducting channels (CC), which are filaments of surviving myocardium that cross the non-conducting fibrotic infarct scar. When anti-arrhythmic drugs are unable to prevent recurrent VT episodes, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), a minimally invasive procedure performed by catheterization in the electrophysiology (EP) laboratory, is commonly used to interrupt the electrical conduction through the CCs responsible for the VT permanently. However, besides being invasive, risky and time-consuming, in the cases of VTs related to chronic MI, up to 50% of patients continue suffering from recurrent VT episodes after the RFA procedure. Therefore, there exists a need to develop novel pre-procedural strategies to improve RFA planning and, thereby, increase this relatively low success rate. First, we conducted an exhaustive review of the literature associated with the existing 3D cardiac models in order to gain a deep knowledge about their main features and the methods used for their construction, with special focus on those models oriented to simulation of cardiac EP. Later, using a clinical dataset of a chronically infarcted patient with a history of infarct-related VT, we designed and implemented a number of strategies and methodologies to (1) build patient-specific 3D computational models of infarcted ventricles that can be used to perform simulations of cardiac EP at the organ level, including the infarct scar and the surrounding region known as border zone (BZ); (2) construct 3D torso models that enable to compute the simulated ECG; and (3) carry out pre-procedural personalized in-silico EP studies, trying to replicate the actual EP studies conducted in the EP laboratory prior to the ablation. The goal of these methodologies is to allow locating the CCs into the 3D ventricular model in order to help in defining the optimal ablation targets for the RFA procedure. Lastly, as a proof-of-concept, we performed a retrospective simulation case study, in which we were able to induce an infarct-related reentrant VT using different modelling configurations for the BZ. We validated our results by reproducing with a reasonable accuracy the patient's ECG during VT, as well as in sinus rhythm from the endocardial activation maps invasively recorded via electroanatomical mapping systems in this latter case. This allowed us to find the location and analyse the features of the CC responsible for the clinical VT. Importantly, such in-silico EP study might have been conducted prior to the RFA procedure, since our approach is completely based on non-invasive clinical data acquired before the real intervention. These results confirm the feasibility of performing useful pre-procedural personalized in-silico EP studies, as well as the potential of the proposed approach to become a helpful tool for RFA planning in cases of infarct-related reentrant VTs in the future. Nevertheless, the developed methodology requires further improvements and validation by means of simulation studies including large cohorts of patients. / During the carrying out of this doctoral thesis, the author Alejandro Daniel López Pérez was financially supported by the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad of Spain through the program Ayudas para contratos predoctorales para la formación de doctores, with the grant number BES-2013-064089. / López Pérez, AD. (2019). Computational modelling of the human heart and multiscale simulation of its electrophysiological activity aimed at the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias related to ischaemia and Infarction [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/124973 / TESIS

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