This study was an effort to replicate and extend findings from our previous research, which suggested that the efficacy of tailored messages is influenced by high levels of content personalization within the message and by individuals trait expectancies about tailored interventions. We tested whether tailoring-related expectancies regarding smoking-cessation booklets could be altered via a brief expectancy-priming intervention, and whether this would enhance the impact of the cessation materials. A 2x2 factorial design crossed personalization level and expectancy priming on evaluation of the intervention content, readiness to quit smoking, cessation self-efficacy, cognitive processing, and progress towards quitting. Smokers (N = 205) were randomized to one of four cells in which they received a highly personalized (placebo tailored) or standard intervention. Participants in the priming conditions received a pre-intervention letter to enhance their expectations for either standard or tailored interventions. Post-priming expectancies were assessed 7-10 days later, and intervention booklets were subsequently mailed. Results demonstrated main effects of personalization on content evaluation, readiness to quit, cognitive processing, and behavioral progress towards quitting. That is, the personalized booklets were more efficacious than the standard booklets. A priming by personalization interaction on tailoring-related expectancies indicated that the expectancy manipulation was effective, and priming main effects were found for content evaluation, readiness to quit, and cognitive processing. Thus, enhancing smokers’ expectancies about their materials improved participants’ perceptions of the intervention and strengthened outcomes. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.

No description available.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Psychological Sciences / Laura A. Brannon / Though the research on vegetarianism and meat consumption reduction has dramatically increased over the last few decades, almost all of this research focuses on current vegetarians/meat reducers and non-vegetarians’ perceptions of vegetarianism (Boyle, 2007; Ruby, 2012). Research targeting non-vegetarians and attempting to influence their meat consumption is virtually non-existent. Thus, the intent of the present dissertation was to effectively decrease individuals’ meat consumption habits and alter individuals’ attitudes toward meat. As research has repeatedly found that messages that are tailored to an individual are more persuasive and effective at influencing health behaviors (Bull et al., 2001; Ryan & Lauver, 2002)) and attitudes (e.g., Murray-Johnson & Witte, 2003; Rimal & Adkins, 2003), the present dissertation specifically sought to determine the effectiveness of tailored meat consumption reduction feedback and messages to influence individuals’ intentions to consume meat and attitudes toward meat consumption. Specifically, this dissertation investigated the effectiveness of messages specific to individuals’ behavior (a behavioral feedback approach), messages oriented to individuals’ self-schemas, egoistic and altruistic oriented messages, and feedback/messages tailored to individuals’ values. Contrary to the hypotheses, the results of the present studies suggested that individuals’ willingness to reduce their meat consumption is not differentially affected by different types of feedback/messages; however, this lack of significant impact for tailored feedback/messages may due to various limitations that are discussed at length within the present dissertation. Despite the possible limitations of the studies conducted, the present dissertation has made significant contributions to the meat consumption reduction literature. The first of its kind, this dissertation importantly illustrates the importance of and need for research encouraging meat consumption reduction.

Submitted by VALDIRENE APARECIDA VIEIRA NUNES null (valvieira01@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-15T18:45:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 REV_Dissertação final indexação.pdf: 3840713 bytes, checksum: 94ed797841c62b8ea252f77cb330f853 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-21T19:57:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nunes_vav_me_bauru.pdf: 3840713 bytes, checksum: 94ed797841c62b8ea252f77cb330f853 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T19:57:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nunes_vav_me_bauru.pdf: 3840713 bytes, checksum: 94ed797841c62b8ea252f77cb330f853 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-07 / No contemporâneo, a diluição de fronteiras vai muito além da demarcação de territórios, encontra-se no indivíduo, nos objetos, nos signos, nas áreas do saber e no ensino, entre outros. Estar em sintonia com a contemporaneidade implica e evidencia a importância dos resgates históricos, tanto dos fazeres relacionados aos procedimentos e técnicas quanto do conceito e abrangência dos ofícios. No caso desta pesquisa, a questão da alfaiataria e os conhecimentos advindos desse ofício e dos procedimentos e sistemas neste fazer que podem contribuir efetivamente com as diversas áreas do setor de confecção e com a indústria de moda brasileira. Mas para isso é necessário que as escolas de moda e de design de moda, por meio dos cursos superiores de bacharelados e tecnólogos, atuem nessa relação do resgate da alfaiataria no conjunto de seu sistema e nas abordagens teóricas e práticas. Assim, esta investigação confere a importância do rigor das técnicas utilizadas no processo de construção de produto do segmento de alfaiataria, um ofício secular, e observa a sua relevância na indústria de moda contemporânea em diversos segmentos da área do vestuário. No decorrer desta pesquisa abordamos o surgimento da alfaiataria e suas contribuições, desde sua criação até o presente momento, com a intenção de detectar como este conhecimento foi construído e como tem sido abordado no âmbito acadêmico. A metodologia adotada é de caráter quali-quantitativo e utilizou-se dos procedimentos de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental, estudo de caso e aplicação de protocolos para análises comparativas. Nesse processo, o levantamento de dados ocorreu junto ao MEC selecionando-se as Universidades de Ensino Superior no Brasil, que ofertam cursos de Moda, Design de Moda, Estilismo em Moda e outros que contribuem com a área, para detectar o quanto se faz presente em suas grades curriculares as disciplinas relacionadas ao ofício da alfaiataria, objeto deste estudo. / In the contemporary, the dilution of borders goes beyond the demarcation of territories, is the individual, the objects, the signs in the areas of knowledge and education, among others. Being in tune with contemporary means and highlights the importance of historical redemption, both doings related to procedures and techniques as the concept and scope of crafts. In the case of this research the question of tailoring and the knowledge derived of that office and the procedures and systems in the making that can effectively contribute to the various areas of the manufacturing sector and the Brazilian fashion industry. But this requires that the fashion schools and fashion design through the upper courses of bachelors and technologists active in this tailoring of redemption ratio in the whole of your system and the theoretical and practical approaches. Thus, this research gives the importance of the accuracy of techniques used in product construction process of tailoring segment, a secular office. Notes its relevance in the contemporary fashion industry in various segments of the clothing area. During this research we address the emergence of tailoring and contributions from its inception to the present time with the intention to detect how this knowledge was built and how it has been addressed in the academic field. The methodology is qualitative and quantitative approach and used the procedures of literature, documents, case study and application protocols for comparative analysis. In this process the data collection occurred with the MEC selecting the Higher Education Universities in Brazil, that offer fashion courses, Fashion Design, Styling in Fashion and others who contribute to the area to detect how much is present in their curricula the disciplines related to the craft of tailoring, object of this study.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第22497号 / 農博第2401号 / 新制||農||1077(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R2||N5277(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 矢野 浩之, 教授 和田 昌久, 教授 辻井 敬亘 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

This dissertation presents both analytical and numerical approaches to optimizing thrust and thrust efficiency of harmonically deforming thin airfoils and membrane wings. A frequency domain unsteady aerodynamic theory for deformable thin airfoils, with Chebychev polynomials as the basis functions is presented. Stroke-averaged thrust and thrust efficiency expressions are presented in a quadratic matrix form. The motion and deformation of the airfoil is optimized for maximum thrust and efficiency. Pareto fronts are generated showing optimum deformation conditions (magnitude and phase) for various reduced frequencies and constraints. It is shown that prescribing the airfoil to deform in a linear combination of basis functions with optimal magnitude and phase results in a larger thrust as compared to rigid plunging, especially at low reduced frequencies. It is further shown that the problem can be constrained significantly such that thrust is due entirely to pressure with no leading edge suction, and associated leading edge separation. The complete aeroelastic system for a membrane wing is also optimized. The aerodynamic theory for deformable thin airfoils is used as the forcing in a membrane vibration problem. Due to the nature of the two dimensional theory, the membrane vibration problem is reduced to two dimensions via the Galerkin method and nondimensionalized such that the only terms are nondimesional tension, mass ratio and reduced frequency. The maximum thrust for the membrane wing is calculated by optimizing the tension in the membrane so that the the aeroelastic deformation due to wing motion leads to optimal thrust and/or efficiency. A function which describes the optimal variation of spanwise tension along the chord is calculated. It is shown that one can always find a range of membrane tension for which the flexible membrane wings performs better than the rigid wing. These results can be used in preliminary flapping wing MAV design. / Ph. D.

A rather thorough and novel buckling analysis of an axially-loaded orthotropic circular cylindrical shell is formulated. The analysis assumes prebuckling rotations are negligible and uses a unique re-defining of the orthotropic material properties in terms of a so-called geometric mean isotropic (GMI) material. Closed-form expressions for the buckling stress in terms of cylinder geometry and orthotropic material properties are presented, the particular closed form depending on the specific character of the orthotropic material relative to the GMI material. With the formulation, the specific character of the buckling deformations - e.g., axisymmetric or nonaxisymmetric, the number of axial and circumferential waves - can be established. By using the maximum radius of curvature of an elliptical cross section in this formulation, the analysis is used to demonstrate the detrimental effects of an elliptical cross section on axial buckling capacity when compared to a circular cross section with the same circumference. Using the circumferentially-varying radius of curvature of an elliptical cross section, the analysis is then further used as the basis for developing two methods for improving the axial buckling capacity of elliptical cylinders. The first approach involves varying the wall thickness of an isotropic elliptical cylinder with circumferential position. Uniformly stable elliptical cross sections which preserve the same critical stress, critical load, or volume of an axially loaded circular cylinder of the same circumference are designed with the formulation. The second approach involves maintaining a uniform wall thickness but varying the orthotropic material properties with circumferential position. This approach is applied to a cylindrical lattice structure where it is assumed that the ribs are dense enough to be able to describe the lattice structure by means of an equivalent homogenized material. The orthotropic properties of the homogenized material are varied by varying the lattice rib angle with circumferential position. Considerable recovery of the axial buckling capacity of the variable-rib-angle design elliptical cylinder compared to the same cylinder constructed in isogrid fashion is demonstrated. In fact, recovery relative to an isogrid circular cylinder of the same circumference is demonstrated. For both approaches confirming finite element models are used to verify the findings. The two different approaches are compared, and finally the two approaches are recognized as special cases of a more general design philosophy. / Ph. D.

Increasing physical activity among individuals in the U.S.A. is a primary health concern. Sedentary life-style is a risk factor for a number of diseases. Life expectancy in the U.S. has increased dramatically over the past several decades, yet frequently, few of these additional years remain disease free. It is now known that life-style factors, including exercise,. are important determinants of the number of healthy, functionally independent years remaining for older adults. Unfortunately, few older adults exercise regularly. Interventions aimed at ameliorating this problem are clearly needed. The Exercise and Older Adults study was designed to assess the effectiveness of an intervention to increase exercise among sedentary and lightly exercising adults ages 55 and older. Unlike other studies which typically involve a supervised aerobic program, this intervention involved the creation of individually tailored exercise programs which participants could maintain without the aid of the researchers. Social learning theory and behavioral principles led to the creation of an intervention combining information, peer modelling, personalized planning, and commitment-making. Subjects came to a single meeting following a three week period of exercise self-monitoring. During the meeting, experimental group subjects were given an exercise information packet, viewed two videotapes about older adults and exercise, created personal exercise plans involving several participation and relapse prevention strategies, and signed a commitment sheet stating that they would try to follow their new exercise plan. Control group subjects received the information packets only. Subjects continued to self-monitor their exercise for six weeks. Repeated Measures Analyses of Covariance did not support the hypothesis that the intervention received by the experimental group was more effective in increasing exercise than the minimal intervention received by the control group. Hierarchical Regression Analyses did not support the hypothesis that self -efficacy and outcome expectancy predict exercise changes. However, both groups in this study increased their exercise significantly and mean differences between groups at the three week follow-up point were significant for several exercise outcomes. Possible reasons for the failure to find statistical significance across time between groups is discussed and future research directions are outlined. / Ph. D.

The foundation of Tailoring for the Visual Learner is the exploration of new and creative approaches to preserve, promote, and pass on the art of individually handcrafted menswear for theatre and film. This project culminated in the creation of an instructional video guide unlike anything currently available on the market. Using high definition cameras and a team of highly skilled professionals, I produced, wrote, directed and hosted an instructional video that takes the viewer through every step of the creation of a hand tailored vest: from fabric preparation and drafting to the final fitting. Instruction utilizes a modern voice aimed at early career sewing professionals who wish to advance, and seek an alternative to confusing drafting books or incomplete online tutorials that avoid the features of a truly well constructed garment. By combining up close camera work with textual explanations, graphics, and verbal explanations, I have created a new approach to tailoring instruction aimed at visual learners, who make up a large majority of costuming professionals. By taking the viewer through the tailoring process up close and step-by-step, the time-honored tradition of tailoring is now available and affordable to countless artisans who seek to advance and/or teach their craft. / text

A number of general studies of the history of eighteenth century men's clothing have been written by authors such as Zilla Halls, Avril Hart, and Norah Waugh. However, a cursory review of costume literature reveals a lack of academic study on specific men's garments and their history. This work focuses on documenting the development of eighteenth century men's waistcoats using the artifacts themselves. The purpose of using extant waistcoats is to study closely their construction and decorative details with close attention to the similarities and differences in the style, cut and assembly of the garments.