Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Dakota, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-44). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Dakota, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-44)

No disponible a texto completo / El evaluar los impactos económicos causados por la regulación y sus trámites, conociendo las consecuencias de la inadecuada normativa existente y procurando una regulación de calidad en la conducción de las actividades económicas de la ciudadanía, es conocido como una política anti red tape. En este breve ensayo se analizan conceptos elementales del término, y desde la perspectiva de la Teoría Económica de las Instituciones se aboga por la adopción formal de políticas que abatan a dicha problemática. Se revisa la experiencia en el tema de algunas naciones, observando sus resultados en cuanto a costos y tiempos de ejecución de la regulación, así como sus formas de organización. Del mismo modo, se observa la experiencia institucional que ha desarrollado la administración pública chilena al respecto; todo ello, con la finalidad de rescatar los puntos exitosos de las experiencias y perfilar una postura de política pública para enfrentar el red tape en Chile.

Microplasmas são plasmas gerados em espaços com dimensões reduzidas, tipicamente, de dezenas a centenas de micrômetros. Apresentam como principal vantagem a possibilidade de se obter plasmas frios com densidades elevadas com baixo consumo de energia em pressões maiores do que em reatores convencionais, reduzindo sensivelmente o custo do equipamento. Um gerador de microplasma inédito foi desenvolvido neste trabalho, utilizando a tecnologia LTCC. O dispositivo é constituído por dois eletrodos paralelos de prata-paládio perfurados por centenas de microfuros, formando microcanais. O microplasma é gerado na região entre os eletrodos e é conduzido para fora do gerador através dos microcanais, constituindo um plasma remoto que pode interagir com a superfície de um material a ser processado. Os microfuros formam a estrutura de um microcatodo oco. Na fabricação, as camadas de cerâmica verde foram usinadas com uma máquina de CNC e os eletrodos foram obtidos por serigrafia. O método de pós-sinterização utilizando a cerâmica de transferência mostrou ser bastante reprodutível e produziu eletrodos totalmente planos, sem arqueamento. O gerador de microplasma foi instalado dentro de um reator RIE convencional e o microplasma foi gerado em DC e RF. A caracterização dos microplasmas de Ar, O2, N2 e He foi realizada por meio de curvas VxI, sonda dupla de Langmuir e espectroscopia de emissão óptica. Para descargas DC, em condições de baixa vazão de gás e elevada pressão, as curvas VxI mostraram três modos de descarga: catodo oco, normal e anormal. O efeito catodo oco foi evidenciado também pelos espectros de emissão óptica que mostraram raias na faixa de 300 a 450 nm, que indicam a presença de elétrons de alta energia. Essas raias foram mais fortemente evidenciadas em descargas RF. Temperaturas de elétrons elevadas, na faixa de 10 a 30 eV, foram obtidas através de medidas com a sonda dupla de Langmuir, nas condições em que o efeito catodo oco foi observado. A aplicabilidade do gerador de microplasma foi testada com foco no tratamento de superfície de polietileno e os resultados mostraram alta capacidade de redução do ângulo de contato e aumento da molhabilidade superficial, demonstrando, conseqüentemente, substancial modificação da energia de superfície do material, através desse processo a microplasma. / Microplasmas are plasmas generated in spaces with reduced dimensions, typically ranging from tens to hundreds of microns. The major advantage of a microplasma generator is the possibility of glow discharge generation with high plasma density and low power consumption at pressures higher than usually observed in conventional plasma reactors, reducing considerably the equipment cost. A novel structure of microplasma generator was developed in this work, using the LTCC technology. The device is composed of two silver-palladium parallel electrodes perforated by hundreds of microholes, constituting microchannels. The microplasma itself is formed between the electrodes and the plasma species are carried through the microchannels to reach the processing chamber, where they can interact with the samples to be treated. The presence of microholes can promote microhollow cathode effect. In the fabrication process, green tapes were micromachined by using a CNC and the electrodes were obtained by screen printing. The post-fire method using transfer tapes has demonstrated to be very reproducible and produced very flat electrodes. The microplasma generator was mounted into a conventional homemade reactive ion etching (RIE) reactor and driven by DC and RF power supply. Characterization of Ar, O2, N2 and He microplasmas was performed by means of VxI characteristics, double Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy. For DC discharges, the VxI characteristics revealed three distinct regions: microhollow cathode mode, normal glow and abnormal glow, for low gas flow rate and high pressure conditions. The microhollow cathode effect was evidenced by optical emission that presented lines in wavelengths between 300 and 450 nm, indicating the presence of high energy electrons. These emission lines have shown to be more intense in RF discharges. Double Langmuir probe diagnostic showed high electron temperatures ranging from 10 and 30 eV, under the microhollow cathode effect conditions. The microplasma generator applicability was tested focusing on the surface treatment of polyethylene film. The results showed high efficiency of this process in reducing water contact angle and thus substantially increasing the polyethylene wettability, thus demonstrating effective modification of surface energy of the material. One can conclude that among other potential applications for material processing, the microplasma generator has already shown to be a reliable tool to modify the surface energy of materials.

Många mjukvarutillverkare gör idag digitala produkter menade att emulera analog hårdvara för musiker och ljudingenjörer. Denna undersökning utgick ifrån frågan om hur lyssnare upplever emulering av analoga ljudegenskaper, i form av rullband, jämfört med digitalt ljud fritt från detta. Ett kortare utdrag från ett musikstycke inom genren metal användes för att undersöka detta. En digital mjukvaruplugin avsedd för emulering av analogt rullband växlade på och av under styckets gång för att möjliggöra en jämförelse mellan det analoga och det digitala ljudet. Stycket spelades upp tillsammans med en video, och denna visade en bokstav som växlade mellan A och B samtidigt som rullbandsemuleringen slogs av och på. Ett antal testpersoner fick vid enskilda testtillfällen lyssna på stycket och sedan i en semistrukturerad intervju diskutera de skillnader de kunde höra, om några alls. Resultatet visade att upplevelsen inte påverkades nog för att ge ett klart svar. Detta då de hörbara skillnaderna var mycket små.

Till Millennial Kingdom is a single-movement composition, eleven minutes in length, combining a trumpet, three percussionists, and tape. Throughout this text, use of the word "tape" will refer to pre-recorded audio on compact disk. This is also a programmatic composition, in that it uses music to depict a non-musical event. The form and instrumentation of Till Millennial Kingdom create a musical depiction of natural and supernatural events as they relate to biblical prophecy. The trumpet makes a significant thematic contribution throughout the work and particularly during the end of the piece. The use of percussion grants an element of rhythmic agitation, and the tape part provides a musical canvas upon which all sonic elements of the work are arranged. The combination of percussion and electro-acoustic gestures represents the programmatic concept of wrath and tribulation. Ironically, the closing stages of this work musically represent the beginning of eternity.

No description available.

Objectives: To compare postoperative urinary retention and pain control when bupivacaine versus saline for hydrodissection is used while placing tension-free vaginal tape midurethral slings. Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial was performed after institutional review board approval. Sixty women were randomized to receive bupivacaine or saline for hydrodissection. Subjects and research team were blinded to subject assignments. Group characteristics were compared using the Student t test, the χ2 test, and the Mann-Whitney U test. Proportions of subjects with a successful postoperative voiding trial along with measurements of postoperative pain and analgesic use were compared using similar appropriate tests. The study was powered to detect differences in voiding trial success from an estimated 58% to greater than 90% with P < 0.05 and 0.8 power using 25 subjects per group. Results: Thirty patients were allocated to each group. One subject in the saline-only group was excluded. Group characteristics were not different. After surgery, pain medication use (20/30 vs 25/29 for bupivacaine vs saline only; P = 0.08), pain scores (36 ± 22 vs 31 ± 24; P = 0.49), and successful voiding trials did not differ (14/30 vs 19/29; P = 0.14), whereas postvoid residuals did differ (225 ± 180 mL vs 140 ± 147 mL; P = 0.043). Conclusions: Bupivacaine was not seen to improve immediate postoperative pain after placement of a tension-free vaginal tape. It did not increase the risk of failing a postoperative voiding trial. Without an obvious benefit, the use of an additional medicine is not supported. We suggest saline alone be used for hydrodissection.

The hydraulics of IDEal drip irrigation system components were analyzed under controlled laboratory conditions and the results can be applied to the design of IDEal systems. The hydraulic loss coefficient for the lateral-submain connector valves was determined based on laboratory measurements. It was found that the hydraulic loss due to friction in the lay-flat laterals can be accurately estimated with standard friction loss equations using a smaller effective diameter based on the wall thickness and inlet pressure head. The equivalent length barb loss, expressed as an equivalent length of lateral, was calculated for button emitters, as well as for micro-tubes inserted to lengths of 5 and 10 cm. It was concluded that the barb loss is essentially constant over the micro-tube insertion range of 5-10 cm. The head-discharge relationship and coefficient of manufacturer's variation of pre-punched lateral holes (without emitters), button emitters, and micro-tubes were characterized. Finally, several IDEal drip irrigation systems in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia were evaluated in the field. Recommendations were given for future research and improvements in the manufacturing, installation, operation, and maintenance of IDEal drip irrigation equipment.