Il existe un lien indéfectible entre l’impôt et la fraude fiscale. Étant donné que cette dernière peut causer un préjudice considérable au Trésor public et entraîner d’autres conséquences sérieuses, la lutte contre ce phénomène constitue depuis toujours une des préoccupations majeures du gouvernement pour tous les pays. En effet, la lutte contre la fraude fiscale est un sujet très étendu. De nombreux facteurs influent sur l’efficacité de cette lutte. Mais entre eux, la répression joue sans aucun doute un rôle essentiel, puisque la peur d’être pris et la peur d’être puni jouent un rôle non négligeable dans la propension à frauder le fisc. Ainsi, pour renforcer l’efficacité de la lutte contre ce phénomène illicite, il est nécessaire de faire une étude de sa répression. En Chine, depuis que le système économique s’est développé graduellement en passant de l’économie planifiée extrêmement centralisée à l’économie de marché, le phénomène de la fraude fiscale s’aggrave rapidement. Par conséquent, ces vingt dernières années, le gouvernement chinois durcit progressivement sa politique de lutte contre la fraude fiscale et le législateur chinois porte une attention plus particulière à la législation à cet égard. Beaucoup d’efforts ont été faits. Néanmoins, le système de répression de la fraude fiscale actuellement en vigueur en Chine présente encore des problèmes affectant l’efficacité de la lutte contre la fraude fiscale. À cet effet, il convient d’identifier les problèmes existants dans le système actuel et de voir s’il est possible de trouver des solutions permettant d’améliorer l’efficacité de la répression de la fraude fiscale en droit chinois / Since taxes were invented, there is always an attempt to avoid paying taxes. In other words, there is an unbreakable link between taxation and tax evasion. Due to the fact that tax evasion can cause considerable damage to the National treasury et produce other serious consequences, the fight against this phenomenon is always a major concern of government for all countries. Indeed, the fight against tax evasion is a very broad subject. Many factors influence the effectiveness of this fight. But among these factors, punishment undoubtedly plays a major role. Because the fear of being caught and the fear of being punished play a significant role in the propensity to avoid taxes. Thus, to improve the effectiveness of the fight against this illicit phenomenon, it is important to study the penalty for tax evasion. In China, since the economic system has developed gradually from a highly centralized planned economy to a market economy, the phenomenon of tax evasion gets worse rapidly. Therefore, in the last twenty years, the Chinese government gradually hardens its policy to fight against tax evasion and pays more attention to legislation in this regard. Much effort has been made. Nevertheless, the Chinese system of repression of tax evasion still presents many problems affecting the effectiveness of the fight against tax evasion. To this end, it is necessary to identify existing problems in the current system and see if it is possible to find out some solutions to improve the efficiency of repression

遺贈稅的課徵不論就效率或公平面都有足夠的理論基礎，但反觀過去十年的遺贈稅收佔整體賦稅的比例，遺產及贈與稅收的規模一直不高，僅有少部分的人需要繳稅。為了支應長照財源，遺產及贈與稅法於民國106年4月底三讀通過，此次修法是自民國98年修法以來另一項重大的變革。民國98年遺產及贈與稅由十級累進稅率改為單一稅率，大幅降低高財富水準者的租稅負擔，卻也產生財富集中於富有者的隱憂，影響遺產稅平均社會財富的社會意義。 　　在不考慮稅基狹小的問題（遺產稅的課徵係針對應稅遺產淨額達一定水準者），遺產稅收規模有限的原因可能為稅法本身的租稅減免，或人為的租稅不順從。本文從合法的租稅規避與非法的租稅逃漏的角度切入，以民國90至104年度遺產稅申報資料，分析影響遺產稅租稅規避與影響逃漏的因素。合法的節稅管道中，相較於免稅額屬於定額的減除，須自行填報的扣除額更具有操控空間，實證結果指出未償債務、農業用地與公共設施保留地等扣除額具有稅盾效果，節稅利益隨稅率增加；本文在分析非法的租稅逃漏行為時，將個人逃漏決策分為是否逃漏與逃漏多寡，實證結果指出修法調降稅率後逃漏行為明顯減少，且從持有財產種類、減免規定的適用以及生前贈與行為能夠反映逃漏的傾向。最後，考慮到逃漏與否為繼承人選擇的結果，以Heckman兩階段估計修正，結果也顯示逃漏行為的確受到無法觀察的自我選擇因素影響。 / Despite that estate and gift tax are well-grounded based on efficiency and equity justification, the tax revenue collected accounts for a small portion of overall tax revenues for most countries. As a major part of the efforts to raise revenues for long-term care services, the government passed into law the amendment to raise estate and gift tax rate in April, 2017. This amendment is another major change to the estate and gift tax in Taiwan since 2009 when the government drastically changed the tax rate structure from a ten-bracket progressive rate schedule to a flat tax rate of 10% with a smaller tax base. As expected, the reform in 2009 greatly cut down the tax burden to those having large taxable estate, causing concerns of more concentrated of wealth among the riches. 　　Stepping aside the problem of having a narrow tax base (the basic design of the estate tax is meant to be a class tax on "richest of the riches"), limited tax revenue of the estate tax can also be attributed to tax avoidance and tax evasion. Nevertheless, few studies provided convincing results on estate tax avoidance and evasion. Utilizing the estate tax returns data from 2001 to 2015 provided by the Ministry of Finance, this paper aims to analyzing estate tax avoidance and evasion in Taiwan. The study of tax avoidance focuses on tax deductions, and the evidence suggests the presence of strong tax saving effects. Regression analysis on tax evasion suggests that the 2009 reform reduced tax incompliance in general, and asset types, tax reliefs, and inter vivo gifts are correlated to the probability of evasion in particular. Finally, results from the Heckman’s two-stage estimation suggest the existence of unobserved missing variables related to both the decision to evade and the amount to evade.

Most research on tax evasion has focused on the income tax. Sales tax evasion has been largely ignored and dismissed as immaterial. This paper explored the differences between income tax and sales tax evasion and demonstrated that sales tax enforcement is deserving of and requires the use of different tools to achieve compliance. Specifically, the major enforcement problem with sales tax is not evasion: it is theft perpetrated by companies that act as collection agents for the state. Companies engage in a principal-agent relationship with the state and many retain funds collected as an agent of the state for private use. As such, the act of sales tax theft bears more resemblance to embezzlement than to income tax evasion. It has long been assumed that the sales tax is nearly evasion free, and state revenue departments report voluntary compliance in a manner that perpetuates this myth. Current sales tax compliance enforcement methodologies are similar in form to income tax compliance enforcement methodologies and are based largely on trust. The primary focus is on delinquent filers with a very small percentage of businesses subject to audit. As a result, there is a very large group of noncompliant businesses who file on time and fly below the radar while stealing millions of taxpayer dollars. The author utilized a variety of statistical methods with actual field data derived from operations of the Southern Region Criminal Investigations Unit of the Florida Department of Revenue to evaluate current and proposed sales tax compliance enforcement methodologies in a quasi-experimental, time series research design and to set forth a typology of sales tax evaders. This study showed that current estimates of voluntary compliance in sales tax systems are seriously and significantly overstated and that current enforcement methodologies are inadequate to identify the majority of violators and enforce compliance. Sales tax evasion is modeled using the theory of planned behavior and Cressey’s fraud triangle and it is demonstrated that proactive enforcement activities, characterized by substantial contact with non-delinquent taxpayers, results in superior ability to identify noncompliance and provides a structure through which noncompliant businesses can be rehabilitated.

This treatise was undertaken to critically analyse the new general anti avoidance rules (new GAAR) as set out in sections 80A to 80L of the Income Tax Act1. A discussion on the difference between tax evasion and tax avoidance was performed in the first chapter. The goals of this treatise were then set out. An analysis of the requirements for the application of the new GAAR was performed in the second chapter. The courts have historically reviewed the circumstances surrounding an arrangement when determining whether tax avoidance has occurred. The new GAAR requires the individual steps of an arrangement to be reviewed in isolation. Secondly, the courts have historically held that the purpose test, when determining the taxpayer‘s purpose, was subjective. The wording of the new GAAR indicates that this test is now objective. Thirdly, the courts have historically viewed the abnormality of an arrangement based of the surrounding circumstances. The wording of the new GAAR requires an objective view of the arrangement. An analysis of the secondary provisions contained in sections 80I, 80B and 80J of the new GAAR was performed in the third chapter. With regards to section 80B, it was submitted that the Commissioner should issue an Interpretation Note detailing all the methods ―he deems appropriate.

This diploma thesis deals with tax evasion of necessary consolidation of public finance in current period. The main goal of this thesis is analyze corporate tax evasion. This thesis is created by using literature, legislation and case law. For the estimate we have used the concept of tax gap, which is based on comparison of theoretical tax liability of the economy with the actual tax receipts.

This thesis is the comparative analysis of corporation tax in relation to financial accounting in the Czech and Slovak Republic and in the United Kingdom. There are looked into the different and similar elements of corporation tax in these countries based on the current legislation. Moreover, there are described and compared financial accounting issues related to corporation tax in the thesis. These issues include financial accounting legislation necessary for ascertaining of profit or loss, that is important for calculation of tax base in the researched countries, reporting of corporation tax in the financial statements and tax evasion, that are caused by fraudulent financial reporting in many cases. There are explained accounting, as well as tax aspects for tax evasions.

Value added tax brings to the state budget the biggest part of revenues and its reduction causes larg losses for the whole society. Tax evasion is thus because of its gravity currently the much debated topics. The goal of my diploma thesis is to analyze the problems of tax evasion in VAT from several points of view in the territory of the Czech Republic. The first is the data analysis provided by Czech Tax Administration with the focus on control activities and amount of assessed tax. The second view is concentrated on evolution of tax evasion based on indicator called VAT revenues ratio. Following part illustrates several cases of evasion happend in the Czech Republic between 2008 -- 2012. I conclude the analysis of give problem with the chapter dedicated to discussion of issues used in the fight against tax evasion.

The aim of this thesis is to outline the optimization of taxes on corporate income and its use in practice. The first part defines the basic concepts and highlights the issue of the link between accounting and tax rules. The following is a detailed description of the transformation of the accounting profit to the tax base with a number of example and accounting schemes. The second part focuses on explaining the concepts of tax savings and tax avoidance.They are described main methods of illegal tax evasion and how to fight against them at the national level and the European Union. In addition, this part characterizes the basic concepts of tax havens, their benefits and efforts to reduce them. The conclusion is given virtually complete practical expample using the methodology described in this work.

The main aim of presented thesis is an analysis of value added tax since its existence until 2013. The first part consists of tax theory and general explanation of tax terminology. The next part describes tax system in the Czech Republic. However, the last two captures are the most important parts. The first capture of these two summarises the changes in the tax rates within the specific time frame and the consequences on the individual users, the consumer prices and state income. The second part concentrates on tax evasion problem and its prevention. There is also a list of noticeable tax evasion cases which came to light in the Czech Republic.

This diploma thesis deals with the impact of the ATAD on the taxation of income of foreign companies controlled by a Czech resident – a legal entity. It describes, analyzes and systematizes the current legal situation and changes introduced into the area by the implementation of rules for controlled foreign companies into domestic legislation. This thesis includes a draft of the methodology for the application of rules from the perspective of the Czech corporate income taxpayer.