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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

我國遺產稅與贈與稅規劃之探討-以個人遺產稅申報實例為例 / Discussion of our country inheritance tax and the gift tax plan - take individual inheritance tax declaration as an example

曾仲慧 Unknown Date (has links)
近幾年來對於遺產及贈與稅的稅制改革聲浪不斷,雖然遺產及贈與稅佔我國總稅收大約在2%左右,並不算是主要稅賦收入,但因工商業界一直希望以降低遺產贈與稅率,甚至廢止遺贈稅來加速國內資本的累積。在今年度,全球景氣因為金融風暴而嚴重受挫,所以政府在經濟的提升景氣壓力之下,迅速的提出並經立法院通過後的遺產贈與稅修正案。 本研究將以個案個人為例,著重於文獻與個案的探討,就法令層面,以及各人財富移轉,生前贈與稅與死後遺產稅的規劃,做彙整、研析,並加入個人實務上的經驗、觀察及心得而成。本研究個案,主要探討(1)遺產贈與稅法令上的看法(2)個人財富移轉,(3)生前贈與稅以及死後遺產稅的規劃,實例結論如下: 一、富人生前財富移轉之節稅規劃,主要需要長期的移轉規劃。 二、在過世後的面臨遺產稅申報、節稅問題,必須逐步了解蒐集資料,以避免因為有遺漏申報或是規劃錯誤而造成更重的稅賦負擔。
2

財富分配不均與財富組成—以遺產稅申報資料為例 / Wealth inequality and wealth composition—evidence from estate tax returns

伍大開 Unknown Date (has links)
本文藉由 2001 年至 2015 年遺產稅申報資料,並利用死亡率倒數法將死亡者的遺產,還原推算在世者財富分配情形,分析臺灣財富分配不均及財富組成情形,發現財富分配不均程度近年來逐漸增加,與金融資產集中於富人相關;除此之外,財富集中得分配不均情形,不僅發生在貧富之間,單就富人族群,也可觀察到財富集中化的現象。另一方面,財富組成部分則觀察到,相較於不動產與其他非金融資產,國人逐漸偏好金融資產,其可能原因在於,遺產稅有效稅率下降,減少持有不動產以規避租稅的誘因。雖然金融資產占財富總額比例增加,但土地仍為國人主要持有財產。 本文另外以迴歸模型探討遺產稅有效稅率與財富組成的關係,其結果顯示,遺產稅有效稅率對於土地占財富總額比例為顯著正相關,對於存款與投資占財富總額比例則為顯著負相關,代表個體面對較高的租稅負擔,傾向利用稅制之下土地評價低估的方式獲取租稅利益。稅制扭曲個人對於資產種類的選擇,也影響個體資產配置的決策。 / Based on estate tax returns from 2001 to 2015 and using the estate multiplier method to blow up the sample of decedents to represent the number of livings, this pa-per analyzes wealth inequality and wealth composition in Taiwan. The results suggest that the degree of wealth inequality has gradually increased in recent years, in accord-ance with the observation that financial assets became more concentrated in the rich. In addition, the concentration of wealth and the resulting inequality is not only between the rich and the poor, it also happens within the group of the rich. On the other hand, in wealth composition, the results suggest the tendency of holding more financial assets as opposed to real estates and other non-financial assets. One of the possible explanations is that the decreasing effective tax rate of the estate tax reduces incentives to hold real estates for tax benefits. Despite the increasing in the proportion of financial assets, land is still the major choice of property holdings as measured by the ratio of wealth. The second part of the study uses regression analyses to explore the relationship between the effective tax rate (of the estate tax) and the composition of wealth. Results show that the estate tax effective rate is positively correlated with the ratio of land to total wealth, and negatively correlated with the ratio of deposit and investment. These results represent that when facing a higher tax burden, individuals tend to take ad-vantage of the undervaluing of land in the current tax system to obtain tax benefits. This adds to existing evidence that tax distorts individuals’ choice of asset types, and affects individuals’ decisions on asset allocation.
3

遺產稅租稅規避與逃漏 / An Analysis of Estate Tax Avoidance and Evasion in Taiwan

高慧宇 Unknown Date (has links)
遺贈稅的課徵不論就效率或公平面都有足夠的理論基礎,但反觀過去十年的遺贈稅收佔整體賦稅的比例,遺產及贈與稅收的規模一直不高,僅有少部分的人需要繳稅。為了支應長照財源,遺產及贈與稅法於民國106年4月底三讀通過,此次修法是自民國98年修法以來另一項重大的變革。民國98年遺產及贈與稅由十級累進稅率改為單一稅率,大幅降低高財富水準者的租稅負擔,卻也產生財富集中於富有者的隱憂,影響遺產稅平均社會財富的社會意義。   在不考慮稅基狹小的問題(遺產稅的課徵係針對應稅遺產淨額達一定水準者),遺產稅收規模有限的原因可能為稅法本身的租稅減免,或人為的租稅不順從。本文從合法的租稅規避與非法的租稅逃漏的角度切入,以民國90至104年度遺產稅申報資料,分析影響遺產稅租稅規避與影響逃漏的因素。合法的節稅管道中,相較於免稅額屬於定額的減除,須自行填報的扣除額更具有操控空間,實證結果指出未償債務、農業用地與公共設施保留地等扣除額具有稅盾效果,節稅利益隨稅率增加;本文在分析非法的租稅逃漏行為時,將個人逃漏決策分為是否逃漏與逃漏多寡,實證結果指出修法調降稅率後逃漏行為明顯減少,且從持有財產種類、減免規定的適用以及生前贈與行為能夠反映逃漏的傾向。最後,考慮到逃漏與否為繼承人選擇的結果,以Heckman兩階段估計修正,結果也顯示逃漏行為的確受到無法觀察的自我選擇因素影響。 / Despite that estate and gift tax are well-grounded based on efficiency and equity justification, the tax revenue collected accounts for a small portion of overall tax revenues for most countries. As a major part of the efforts to raise revenues for long-term care services, the government passed into law the amendment to raise estate and gift tax rate in April, 2017. This amendment is another major change to the estate and gift tax in Taiwan since 2009 when the government drastically changed the tax rate structure from a ten-bracket progressive rate schedule to a flat tax rate of 10% with a smaller tax base. As expected, the reform in 2009 greatly cut down the tax burden to those having large taxable estate, causing concerns of more concentrated of wealth among the riches.   Stepping aside the problem of having a narrow tax base (the basic design of the estate tax is meant to be a class tax on "richest of the riches"), limited tax revenue of the estate tax can also be attributed to tax avoidance and tax evasion. Nevertheless, few studies provided convincing results on estate tax avoidance and evasion. Utilizing the estate tax returns data from 2001 to 2015 provided by the Ministry of Finance, this paper aims to analyzing estate tax avoidance and evasion in Taiwan. The study of tax avoidance focuses on tax deductions, and the evidence suggests the presence of strong tax saving effects. Regression analysis on tax evasion suggests that the 2009 reform reduced tax incompliance in general, and asset types, tax reliefs, and inter vivo gifts are correlated to the probability of evasion in particular. Finally, results from the Heckman’s two-stage estimation suggest the existence of unobserved missing variables related to both the decision to evade and the amount to evade.
4

從租稅公平論遺產稅制

陳彥琪, Chen, Yen Chi Unknown Date (has links)
我國目前採取混合式遺產稅制,遺產稅被定位為財產稅,邊際稅率最高卻達50%,且其罰鍰亦高,因而引起遺產稅之改革、甚至廢除之聲浪;目前提案遺產稅之修正目標多以促進經濟發展為首要目的,主張廢除遺產稅者亦不乏以遺產稅有礙資本累積為由者;實則最初遺產稅立法時,立法者即已於立法理由中揭示,遺產稅並非以獲取財政收入為主要目的,其課徵目的係在於平均財富。 / 我國憲法保障財產權、私有財產制及經濟自由,並以租稅做為保障之對價;憲法對於財產保障之範圍隨著社會交易型態而由具體所有權擴及至抽象財產價值,繼承制度與繼承權亦為國家保障財產權內涵之ㄧ部分,是以國家以租稅做為保障財產權之對價,便已經將繼承制度及繼承權之保障含括在內;再者,我國憲法既宣示我國為社會法治國家,亦賦予財產權一定之社會義務性,國家自得對人民財產權為限縮,限制之方式亦包含以課徵租稅使得人民整體財產之抽象價值減少;惟國家保障財產權既然已將繼承制度及繼承權含括在內,課徵遺產稅即非係國家保障繼承制度及繼承權之對價;毋寧認為遺產稅之課徵係出自社會法治國家對於正義之要求,透過財產權之社會義務性對人民之整體財產價值為限縮,從而達到平均財富分配之正義要求。 / 惟何謂租稅公平、租稅正義、應以何種標準做為衡量是否公平正義之準繩,至今仍無定論;本文認為租稅公平、租稅正義係憲法內蘊之正義理念在租稅法領域之展現,其內涵並不僅有量能課稅原則,尚包含需要/功績原則及實用性原則;惟若藉由羅爾斯的正義論觀點,對於租稅正義之要求則有別於前;羅爾斯並未對特定稅制、稅基或稅率結構有所偏好,只要租稅不違反其提出之正義原則要求,亦即:確保每人皆有平等的基本權利自由,以及保障人民平等地參與經濟之機會、且此機會於每個世代皆被更新,則此等租稅即可被認為符合羅爾斯的理想稅制。惟遺產稅之課徵有別於其他租稅,其課徵目的係在於更新每個世代參與政治之機會,係出自確保每人皆有平等基本自由權利之要求,惟有在滿足此一前提條件下,方有其他調整社會經濟收益之可能;據此觀之,主張廢除遺產稅之論點,依羅爾斯之觀點來看是違反正義的。 / 最後,本文認為,基於正義之要求,遺產稅可以修改,卻不應被廢除;遺產稅之課徵目的既在於調整社會貧富差距,其他出於促進經濟之目的所為之遺產稅改革,如有違反遺產稅課徵目的者,皆應退讓並以遺產稅之課徵目的達成為優先,而以其他政策手段促進經濟發展。
5

從各國之稅制論我國遺產及贈與稅有待改進之處

陳錦芬, Chen, Jin-Fen Unknown Date (has links)
遺產稅和贈與稅富有平均財富分配的社會意義,而我國歷年來徵收情形不佳對平均社 會財富少有貢獻,因此本文就遣產和贈與稅理論方面著手,研析其經濟效果,進而比 較中、美、英、澳、紐、義、荷、盧、比、瑞典、芬、丹、挪、奧、瑞士、愛、西、 葡、法、德、韓、日、新、菲、馬、香、肯、巴、印、迦、孟、坦、斯、波、札那、 賴索托、馬拉威等三十六個國家的稅制和稅收情況,藉以檢討我國目前稅制的合理性 並提出改革方向的建議。 第一章緒論,說明研究目的和方法。第二章分析遺產和贈與稅對改善財富分配不均、 資本蓄積、投資等方面的效果。第三章是遣產和贈與稅制的國際比較。第四章說明我 國徵收實況,並加以檢討。第五章則是結論與建議。

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