The aim of this thesis is to explore the firm-specific determinants of the demand for tax haven operations by Czech firms. Our objective is to better understand the firms' incentives for tax haven use, and furthermore whether there exists cross-haven heterogeneity in those incentives. The thesis examines the firms' tax haven investment behaviour by analysing firm-level data for 15,530 Czech firms for year 2013. To the extent of our knowledge, this has been the first research of its kind devoted to Czech firms. The evidence suggests that larger, more profitable firms with larger international presence are most likely to use tax havens. The analysis also indicates that higher firm indebtedness is associated with greater likelihood of establishing tax haven operations. This would suggest Czech firms engage in profit shifting through the use of debt financing. Furthermore, service firms were found to be more likely to use tax havens than manufacturing firms. This contrasts with previous research where R&D intensity was a leading indicator of tax haven use. Additionally, we found significant cross-haven heterogeneity in the determinants, particularly in the sector-specific characteristics. In our sample, service firms favoured Cyprus and the Netherlands, while manufacturing firms preferred Luxembourg...

The pressure on tax haven countries to engage in tax information exchange shows first effects on capital markets. Empirical research suggests that investors do react to information exchange and partially withdraw from previous secrecy jurisdictions that open up to information exchange. While some of the economic literature emphasizes possible positive effects of tax havens, the present paper argues that proponents of positive effects may have started from questionable premises, in particular when it comes to the effects that tax havens have for emerging markets like China and India. (authors' abstract) / Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series

The Master's thesis is focused on tax optimalization through tax havens. The Master's thesis is divided into six parts. The first part generally outlines the problems of international tax optimalization. The next one defines concepts related to tax havens, use of tax havens and the fight against tax evasion. The third chapter concentrates on direct foreign investments, which are connected with holding companies. Information from this chapter is used in the following chapters. The practical part consists of two and shows the costs for establishment of a model subsidiary and the tax costs of the company for the first year of its running in chosen tax havens. These costs together with other information about chosen tax havens are analysed. Subsequently, a suitable location for the company in one of these destinations is suggested.

The diploma thesis is focused on optimizing of tax burden of taxpayers via relocation of their headquarters into tax havens. It contains comparison of tax burdens of model taxpayers in different variations of change of their tax residence. It suggests recommended process for deciding about choice of suitable tax haven.

The master thesis deals with the issue of taxation in selected tax havens. The thesis first outlines the characteristics of particular tax havens and the basic concepts related to this issue. Afterwards, selected tax havens, their tax system and companies that can be cre-ated there are analysed. Subsequently, on a model example are outlined advantages of taxation in selected tax haven.

Cette thèse concerne les possibles définitions et intégrations de l'idée de « zone à attractivités fiscales » dans les documents concernant les paradis fiscaux, vieux problème devant lequel les chercheurs bloquaient depuis longtemps. Ici le problème est repris d'une toute autre façon en particulier dans le traitement des taux d'imposition, et dans des comparaisons des régimes fiscaux de chacun des pays du Proche Orient. Tout cela nous a conduit à introduire le concept de notation fiscale. Nous le faisons en tenant compte autant que possible de tout critère possible qui nous permette de déduire théoriquement une notation générale. Il ressort de cela que dans une comparaison avec plusieurs pays du Proche Orient le Liban n'est pas, théoriquement du moins, une soi-disante « zone à attractivité fiscale »... Cela conduit à introduire une approche relativisée dans une tentative de définition scientifique des paradis fiscaux. C'est ainsi qu'on peut considérer qu'à chaque instant peuvent naître un ou plusieurs paradis fiscaux en fonction des changements de critères ou de leurs modalités. L'intérêt de cette approche est de permettre de considérer une définition plus scientifique des paradis fiscaux. Empiriquement, nous avons mis en place une importante enquête auprès de 300 personnes, englobant des contrôleurs fiscaux, des employés de banque et des gens d'entreprises. Nous en déduirons que la notion de paradis fiscal est loin de pouvoir s'appliquer au Liban et que ce ne serait en fait qu'une légende. / This thesis aims at defining and integrating the ‘zone of fiscal attractions' notion within the framework of Tax Havens, an old problem in front of which the investigators have not reach any solution since longtime before. Over here, the problem is considered from another angle, namely the treatment of tax rates, hence a comparison of fiscal regimes for each country of the Near-East was necessary to be able to deduce a fiscal notation. Taking into consideration every possible criteria which allows us to deduce theoretically a general notation, Lebanon, through the comparison between several countries of the Near-East, is not supposedly a “zone of fiscal attraction” theoretically…this leads us to introduce the approach of the relativity which has served to define scientifically the Tax Haven. For this reason, one or several Tax Haven can be created each and every moment with the changes incurred in the criteria and variables. The interest of this approach is to enable us to define scientifically the idea of Tax Haven. Empirically, an important questionnaire carried on fiscal controllers, bank employees, and firm employees, to demonstrate that the idea of Lebanon as a Tax Haven, is only a legend. This has been deduced through a group of 300 interviewed people.

Dans le cadre de l’internationalisation puis de la mondialisation de la sphère économique et financière, les paradis fiscaux se sont développés tout au long du XXe siècle. Emergent à l’abri de la cage de l’Etat-Nation, ce phénomène de déconnexion de la sphère résidente de la sphère d’activité économique effective, a donné lieu à l’émergence de centres offshore, de manière embryonnaire durant la première moitié du XXe siècle, puis à une échelle industrielle sur l’ensemble des secteurs de l’activité économique à partir des années 1950. Les observateurs et les acteurs politiques des pays industrialisés se sont progressivement saisi du sujet dans le cadre de l’appréhension des effets dommageables de la concurrence fiscale internationale. Les difficultés rencontrées dans la lutte engagée à différentes échelles contre ces territoires traduisent l’ambiguïté des relations qu’entretiennent les grands pays industrialisés avec la sphère offshore. / In the framework of the growth and the internationalisation of the financial flows since the beginning of the twentieth century, Tax havens leading positions in the economic and financial environment have become so much important, that many political actors of the well developed countries have tried to assess this phenomenon through the international tax competition studies. Going further in the tax optimisation and tax planning process of the offshore sphere of activity, we can consider that far from being isolated in the sovereignty of a few countries, the offshore financial model is far integrated in the worldwide economic system, which can explain the difficulty and the different means used by the political authority to manage and stop the offshore mechanism through a by territory approach.

Le terme de paradis fiscal est souvent employé dès lors qu’on aborde le thème des montages financiers utilisant une ou des sociétés offshore. Les spécialistes lui préfèrent celui de pays ou zone à fiscalité avantageuse ou privilégiée. Certaines personnes différencient deux catégories de territoires fiscalement favorables. L’expression « zone à fiscalité privilégiée » est souvent employée comme un euphémisme qui renvoie à des pays tels que la Belgique, l'Irlande, le Luxembourg, les Pays Bas, le Portugal, la Suisse, la Tunisie, Hong-Kong, la Malaisie, Singapour, notamment, alors que sont considérés comme « paradis fiscaux » Andorre, Jersey et Guernesey, Gibraltar, le Liechtenstein, Anguilla, Aruba, les Bahamas, la Barbade, les Bermudes, les îles Caïmans, Panama, etc. Il s’agit d’une classification assez vague, relative, en creux, classant séparément les zones dans lesquelles la fiscalité est relativement faible, souvent par rapport à la France ou l’Allemagne, et celles dans lesquelles elle est quasiment inexistante. Les difficultés que posent cette classification sont nombreuses et mettent en évidence l’insuffisance d’un tel raisonnement, souvent journalistique. La notion de paradis fiscal n’a qu’une valeur relative, d’où la difficulté de dégager une définition unique et universelle caractérisant ce phénomène. Il est nécessaire de recourir une définition basée sur un certain nombre de critères. Aussi, généralement, les paradis fiscaux se caractérisent par une absence ou un faible niveau d'imposition des revenus, du capital, et des transactions, ce qui constitue en général la motivation de leur utilisation. Ces avantages fiscaux ne concernent pas nécessairement l'ensemble des personnes qui y établissent leur domicile : le régime fiscal applicable peut différer pour les personnes physiques et morales, pour les résidents et les non résidents. La fiscalité de Jersey par exemple présente surtout un avantage pour des sociétés non résidentes ; Monaco est à l'inverse un paradis fiscal pour les personnes physiques, mais non pour les sociétés. On peut alors parler de pour certains de ces pays de « zones à fiscalité privilégiée ». Pour autant, la définition des zones à fiscalité privilégiée dans le droit français limite également l’usage de cette notion. Le droit français utilise donc une seule expression, dont le critère de détermination principal est mathématique. C’est une définition englobant toutes les notions généralement utilisées : paradis fiscal, centre offshore, etc.. C’est cette définition que nous retiendrons dans notre étude des zones à fiscalité privilégiée. L’optimisation fiscale, dont il est difficile de donner une véritable définition, pourrait se définir comme la mise en œuvre par un contribuable de moyens licites lui permettant de réduire son assiette d’imposition ou le poids de son impôt. C’est une stratégie financière courante et tout à fait légale. La fraude fiscale et l’évasion fiscale quant à elles, consistent, pour la première à une transgression intentionnelle de la règlementation fiscales de façon à minimiser son impôt par diverses techniques (omission volontaire de déclaration, minoration de recettes, majorations de charges, travail clandestin), et pour la seconde à déplacer tout ou partie de son patrimoine ou son activité vers un zones à fiscalité privilégiée, de façon illicite, encore une fois dans le but de se soumettre à l’impôt. / The end of tax havens is often used as it addresses the issue of the financial arrangements using one or more offshore companies. Specialists prefer country or area tax advantageous or privileged. Some people distinguish two categories of tax-friendly territories. The term 'zone to privileged taxation' is often used as a euphemism referring to countries such as the Belgium, the Ireland, the Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Switzerland, Tunisia, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, inter alia, that are considered to be "tax havens" Andorra, Jersey and Guernsey, Gibraltar, the Liechtenstein, Anguilla, Aruba, the Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Panama, etc. It is a classification pretty vague, relative, intaglio, separately classifying the areas where tax is relatively low, compared to the France or the Germany.The difficulties posed by this classification are numerous and have highlighted the lack of such reasoning, often journalistic. The concept of tax haven has only a relative value, hence the difficulty to identify a single, universal definition characterizing this phenomenon. It is necessary to use a definition based on a number of criteria. Also, generally, tax havens are characterized by an absence or low taxation of capital income, and transactions, which is usually the motivation of their use. These tax benefits are not necessarily all of the people who will establish their home: the income tax regime can differ for the physical and legal persons, residents and non-residents. Jersey taxation for example advantage especially for non-resident companies; In contrast, Monaco is a tax haven for people.However, the definition of areas of taxation in French law also limits the use of this concept. French law therefore uses a single expression, which the main determining criterion is mathematical. It is a definition encompassing all commonly used concepts: tax haven, offshore Center, etc. It is this definition that we will retain in our study areas in privileged taxation. Tax optimization, which it is difficult to give a real definition, could be defined as the implementation by a taxpayer of lawful means to reduce its tax base or the weight of its tax. It is a common and quite legal financial strategy. Tax fraud and tax evasion as they are, for the first intentional transgression of the tax regulations to minimize its tax by various techniques (voluntary omission of declaration, minorazation).Privileged tax areas have potential for externalities that can serve the cause of economic efficiency. The proper conduct of the business areas in privileged taxation can stimulate investment and complementary business in other countries. Thats what we gather under the expression "economic backup." Our problem will therefore be as follows: is it possible to imagine a financing package of tax optimization based partly in a privileged but taxation area whose primary objective is the realization of an investment in the service of the economy of the country of origin, and therefore outside the scope of tax evasion? In the first part, we tacherons to define the scope of the possible (first part: fixtures and their suppression), engaging first to different assemblies and types of tax structures (title I), then to the French and European instruments to combat tax evasion . In a second part, we will study the existing sanctions and will demonstrate that an Assembly whose purpose is not only tax allows to counteract part II: the main sanctions and a possible countermeasure).

The thesis is focused mainly on changes in the field of tax planning, global exchange of information and documents, on the basis of which the information exchange is realized. The thesis is also devoted to protection of identity of owners of assets and income, and various instruments which allows preserving it. The practical part of the thesis is formed by a case study. The aim of the thesis is to coherently examine and summarize the changes that took place in international tax planning over the past few years, mainly because of increased international cooperation in tax matters.

The master thesis deals with the tax system of the Czech Republic and optimizing of tax liability of legal persons. The master thesis deals with taxation of corporate income tax, value added tax and international tax planning. In the area of the income taxes the thesis focuses on optimizing of tax liability when setting up a business, the solution cost and revenue items of the company and the possibility of applying deductions from the tax base and tax rebates. In the area of the value added tax, the thesis deals with the possibility of group registration for value added tax. At the end the thesis deals with possible use of tax havens. The aim of the thesis is to introduce a reader with the tax system in the Czech Republic and especially to imagine the possible applications of optimizing tax liability on selected methods, which the law currently allows.