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<p>The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate how school leaders are assisting at-risk students in urban schools develop social capital. It sought to understand specifically what strategies they perceive as useful for developing social capital with students. This study’s findings are significant to the field of education in providing educational leaders the strategies other urban principals are using to support the development of social capital for their students. Schools need to recognize all the different ways they contribute to helping students achieve academic success. One of the most significant benefits a school can offer students, in addition to academic rigor, is preparation for facing the social and emotional challenges of life. This instrumental case study focused on five former Principal of the Year (POY) recipients from urban secondary (grades 6-12) school environments to maximize the quality and experienced practice of the leaders being studied. The urban school settings were all categorized as predominantly diverse (high minority composition and/or low socioeconomic status). Three assertions resulted from the study:</p> <p>●Principals must have a clear and communicated vision of excellence for all within the community and implement systems and structures that consistently support the mission, vision, and values of a student-centered school. </p> <p>●Principals must consistently find ways to foster collaborative, trusting, relationships with and between members of the school and local community.</p> <p>●Principal and staff within the school must consistently model, create, and nurture opportunities for students to grow and find uses for their social networks.</p> <p>The results of this study may offer school principals specific strategies they can use to positively impact the growth of social capital within their schools.</p> <p><br></p>

The purpose of this study was to investigate the high school students&rsquo / perceptions on effectiveness of their physics and mathematics teachers. For this purpose a 71-item questionnaire, with a reliability coefficient of 0.97, was developed and applied to 1237 9th grade students in Ankara. 30 Physics teachers and 33 Mathematics teachers were evaluated by student ratings in 13 regular high schools and 6 Anatolian lycees. As a result, 17 % of physics teachers and 27% of mathematics teachers found to be considered effective by their students. In addition to this, it is found that specific effective teacher characteristics about teaching ability and interpersonal relationships are possessed in low amounts by most of the physics and mathematics teachers.

This study aimed to investigate how English language curriculum of the sixth, seventh and eighth grades of public primary schools was implemented by teachers and how it was experienced by students. The major areas of investigation were the teachers&rsquo / and students&rsquo / perceptions of the curriculum goals and content, instructional strategies, evaluation and assessment procedures, learner attitudes and the problems encountered during the curriculum implementation. Through a questionnaire for teachers and students, the data collected were from 368 teachers and 1235 students randomly selected from the 21 cities and 42 towns of the seven regions of Turkey. The results revealed that the implementation process of the English language curriculum showed differences in relation to the facilities of schools and classrooms, teacher and student characteristics and perceptions. Majority of the curriculum goals were attained at a moderate level and there were some problems with the selection and ordering of curriculum content. Various types of teacher-centered and learner-centered instructional strategies were implemented depending on the language skill to be taught and learned, and the students had positive attitudes towards most of these instructional strategies. The main problems encountered in the implementation process resulted from the lack of materials and resources, the course-book, the learners, the classroom environment and the curriculum. These problems influenced the attainment of goals, classroom practices and the assessment procedures. v Teachers&rsquo / perceptions of curriculum goals and content differed in relation to school location, age, teaching experience and educational background. Students&rsquo / perceptions of the curriculum differed in relation to their grade levels, gender, parents&rsquo / educational and English level and previous English grade. English language curriculum, English language teaching, curriculum implementation, teacher perceptions, student perceptions, primary school

abstract: The purpose of this study was to answer the following question, How does one's conceptualizations of misbehavior account for the way classroom misbehavior is constructed, interpreted, and negotiated between teachers and students? The literature on school disciplinary inequities from 2000 to 2010 was systematically reviewed. Utilizing qualitative research methods, this study drew insights from sociocultural theory and symbolic interactionism to investigate discipline inequities in moment-to-moment interactions between students and teachers during classroom conflicts. Fieldwork lasted approximately one school year and involved five male students and their two respective teachers. Data collection procedures included surveys, face to face and stimulated recall interviews, and direct and video observations. Findings revealed misbehavior is a ubiquitous notion in classroom everyday life; it is also malleable and dependent on contextual factors. In addition, classroom disciplinary moments between teachers and students are greatly influenced by intra and interpersonal factors. The situated intricacies and sophistication of teachers' and students' interpretations of negotiated classroom disciplinary moments are also reported. This study also sheds new insights into the situated nature of misbehavior as it arises from teachers' and students' sense making of classroom disciplinary moments and the findings have implications for teachers, school administrators, policy makers, students, and parents/guardians. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Curriculum and Instruction 2014

This paper is linked to the Line of Practical School Researches and Public Policies of the Post-Graduation Program at the federal University of Santa Maria. The current study belongs to the Moral Affection Research Group and its main project The conflicts and sentiments present in the pedagogical relationship and their networks in the construction of moral personality . The theme arises from my own experiences as a student of basic education and also graduation. Later, as a professor I started reflecting about the relations among teachers and students. Thus, this research aims to investigate how the language used by the teacher in classroom might be understood as a form of violence from the teacher to his/her pupils, to identify how the teachers understand how their languages might be a form of violence towards their students and to verify how the students see this violent language used in classroom. The methodology adopted presents a qualitative approach under the perspective of a study case with a teacher who teaches the third grade fundamental school and with her pupils. The study was carried out in a state school of basic education in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state. The data collection was made by means of direct observations in classrooms. The data were recorded on a field diary and in a semi-structured interview with the class teacher and her students. The study was divided in three chapters: The first one: Delimitation and fundaments of investigation , which delimits and specifies the theme area of investigation, the questions of a research and their reasons as well as the methodological approach of it. In chapter 2: The construction of thinking, language and morality in children , where it was analyzed the construction and the development of language related to the thinking and notion of morality for children. To do so, it was used, as a theoretical support, the studies carried out by Jean Piaget. In chapter 3: The violence and its imbrications in teacher s and student s relations . It is divided into two sub-chapters. In the first one, it was checked out the relations of teachers and students in classroom. In the second one the violence inside this relation was highlighted. The theoretic fundament of this paper comes from: Alícia Fernandez, Julio Groppa Aquino, Maria Teresa Estrela, Ulisses F. de Araújo, Xus Martín Garcia, Josep Maria Puig e Yves de La Taille. Based on the data analysis, it is concluded that how language is used by the teachers, consciously or not, might be understood as a form of violence and that the students perceive this kind of language as a form of violence as well. However, for the teachers, their languages are not seen as a form of violence once they serve to shape their students behavior, to impose limits so that they become civilized and polite people. Acting like this is necessary, acceptable and, therefore, normal. / Este trabalho está vinculado à Linha de Pesquisa Práticas Escolares e Políticas Públicas, do Programa Pós-graduação em Educação, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. O presente estudo insere-se ao Grupo de Pesquisa Afetos Morais e o seu projeto principal Os conflitos e os sentimentos presentes na relação pedagógica e seus entrelaçamentos na construção da personalidade moral . A temática em estudo surge a partir das minhas próprias experiências como aluna da educação básica e também da graduação e, posteriormente, como professora, fazendo-me refletir sobre a relação professor-aluno. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa objetiva-se em investigar como a linguagem utilizada pelo professor (a) em sala de aula pode ser compreendida como uma forma de violência praticada por esse (a) em relação a seus aluno, identificar qual a compreensão do professor (a) sobre a utilização da linguagem como uma forma de violência exercida por ele (a) em relação aos seus alunos (as) e verificar quais as significações construídas pelos alunos em relação à linguagem utilizada pelo seu professor (a) em sala de aula. A metodologia adotada apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa, sob a perspectiva de um estudo de caso, com uma professora do 3º ano do ensino fundamental e seus respectivos alunos. A pesquisa realizou-se em uma escola estadual de educação básica situada na região centro do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de observações diretas na sala de aula, sendo os dados registrados no diário de campo, e em entrevista semiestruturada com a professora da turma e seus alunos. O estudo foi dividido em três capítulos: O primeiro - Delimitação e fundamentação da investigação - delimita e especifica a área temática da investigação, as questões da pesquisa e seus objetivos, bem como a abordagem metodológica da mesma. No capitulo 2 - A construção do pensamento, da linguagem e da moralidade na criança - foi analisada a construção e desenvolvimento da linguagem com relação ao pensamento e a noção de moralidade para as crianças. Para tal, foram utilizados, como aporte teórico, os estudos realizados por Jean Piaget. O capítulo 3 - As violências e suas imbricações na relação professor-aluno - está dividido em dois subcapítulos. No primeiro, foi analisada a relação professor-aluno em sala de aula. No segundo, foi enfocada a violência dentro dessa relação. Teve como fundamentação teórica, entre outros, Alícia Fernandez, Julio Groppa Aquino, Maria Teresa Estrela, Ulisses F. de Araújo, Xus Martín Garcia, Josep Maria Puig e Yves de La Taille. Os dados foram analisados sob aporte teórico dos autores citados. Com base nas análises dos dados, conclui-se que o modo como a linguagem é utilizada pelo professor, conscientemente ou não, pode ser entendida como uma forma de violência; os alunos percebem a utilização da linguagem também como uma forma de violência praticada pelos seus professores; porém, para os professores, a linguagem utilizada não é percebida como uma forma de violência quando praticada pelos mesmos, pois, ela serve para moldar o comportamento dos alunos, impor limites, ou seja, para que se transformem em pessoas educadas . Agir assim é preciso, necessário, aceitável e, portanto, normal.

The study used Social Cultural Theory as an analytical framework to understand the professional preparation of kindergarten teachers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A multi-method approach to data collection was adopted, involving a questionnaire, interviews and documentary analysis of both the pre-school curriculum in KSA and the programme content. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were therefore employed to achieve the research objectives. The research methodology was based on the interpretive approach and included a case study. The participants were student-teachers studying on the four-year teacher training programme at one of the universities in KSA. Responses to four hundred and nineteen questionnaires completed by student-teachers across the four years of the programme were analysed, and a detailed case study involving 32 student-teachers was carried out. These student-teachers were interviewed three times each over three terms, with a focus on the nature of their knowledge and beliefs. The quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using SPSS to summarise the results of the closed questions in the questionnaire and to compare the differences between the student-teachers’ perspectives in each study year. All interviews were taped and transcribed. The data were coded and recoded several times using the continuous comparative process. When broad categories/themes emerged, these created sub-categories. Similarly, the data gained from the questionnaire’s open-ended questions were also analysed qualitatively. The findings focus on the results from the questionnaire for each study year, followed by a direct comparison of student-teachers’ knowledge and beliefs across the four years. The findings from the interviews with student-teachers are presented separately for each study year in order that the development of their knowledge and beliefs over the four-year programme can be seen. The findings revealed that student-teachers’ beliefs and their knowledge were closely linked. Although student-teachers’ knowledge developed as a result of their learning, some of their beliefs about Early Childhood Education (ECE) in general seemed to remain stable over the period of their university course. Many factors influenced the training of the student-teacher within Saudi culture and practices, such as the cultural context, the society, national policy, religion, module content, styles of teaching, visits to kindergarten, self-learning, and others’ knowledge/experience and support. These others included friends, other student-teachers, and relatives who were studying on the kindergarten programme or worked in the field of ECE. The findings showed that student-teachers built their teaching identities on the wider social-cultural purposes of education in Saudi society, which were consistent with expectations of their roles in society. However, various constraints related to the university context, to the kindergarten context and to the social-cultural context influenced their preparation as teachers. The study indicated many limitations to the current apprenticeship approach, due to the predominantly transmissive style of education at university. Student-teachers were not progressively immersed in a more fully developed apprenticeship model in which teachers learnt about the cultures and practices of ECE within the contexts of practice. This study strongly challenges a system where student-teachers only have one term of teaching practice. It is argued that teaching practice should start much earlier in the programme and be extended. A model for developing professional preparation programmes of Initial Teachers (IT) in the field of ECE is presented. Implications arising from this study and recommendations which could improve Teacher Education (TE) in KSA are outlined. Finally, suggestions for further research are presented.

A schooling system that claims to offer its students the opportunities to develop their talents and help towards self-determination in their adult lives might be expected to have a career structure itself that demonstrated these virtues, one in which there was equality of the genders in positions of influence and leadership, and no gender stereotyping of roles. Apart from the fairness and consistency of that expectation, it is also reasonable to expect the neutral template of teacher employment and textbook selection in schools. Many children may grow up with few books in their homes but lots of those in their schools. Many of the textbooks used in elementary schools, according to recent studies, contain gender stereotypes. In these, females are rarely found as central characters and when they appear at all, they are often passive figures dependent on male characters. Women are frequently shown in domestic roles / in most textbooks it is assumed that only males &#039 / go out to work&#039 / whereas daughters are the best helpers of their mothers whose sons are allowed to do what they wish. In the light of those allegations, this research is designed as a case study which addresses itself to the aim of looking into stereotyped gender role presentations existing in elementary school textbooks used by the students studying at 1st-5th grades in 2001/2002 academic year of an elementary school placed in Burdur and to see whether these students are affected by the exposure of those stereotyped gender role presentations. For this purpose, the textbooks being studied are analyzed according to pre-set categories to deduce how they include stereotyped gender role presentations and the evaluation of the effects of that exposure on students are made by asking 1st-3rd grade students to draw and 4th-5th grade students to write compositions on a given topic. This study also attempts to find out both whether Turkish elementary school teachers teaching at 1st-5th grades are aware of stereotyped gender role presentations in those textbooks that they use and their own points of view about stereotyped gender role presentations via interviews carried out with them. In conclusion, stereotyped gender role presentations are encountered in those analyzed school textbooks studied at 1st- 5th grades in 2001/2002 academic year of the elementary school placed in Burdur and the perceptions of those presentations are also obtained in the drawn and written productions of the students studied at the same school. Through the teachers&#039 / interviews, various kinds of perceptions towards gender role concept and its stereotyped presentations that take place in those textbooks are observed in their sayings

The factors related to mathematics and geometry achievement were modeled in this study. It was based on the data obtained from the Student Assessment Program carried out by Ministry of National Education. Mathematics achievement tests and student questionnaires of each grade were analyzed by using principal component analysis to obtain different dimensions that are expected to be related with student achievement. Before the principal component analysis, a content based evaluation of the content of the mathematics achievement tests was actualized and the items were grouped as mathematics and geometry. Regarding the student questionnaire socio-economic status, perception of success and interest toward mathematics and science, student-centered activities and teacher-centered activities in the classroom were identified as factors through the principal component analysis. Thereafter, three models were designed and tested by structural equation modeling technique (SEM) using LISREL 8.54. Path analysis with latent variables was used for testing the models. The following results were obtained in the study. In all of the models, socioeconomic status had a positive impact on the mathematics and geometry achievement of the students for all the grade levels examined. Teacher centered activities were found to be positively related with the students&rsquo / success of mathematics and geometry. On the other hand, student centered activities intended to have a negative relation with mathematics and geometry achievement. As the other variables were considered, an increase on the mathematics and geometry scores of the students&rsquo / was observed in all grade levels with the increase in the perception of success and interest toward mathematics and science.

Este estudo pesquisou como o processo de desenvolvimento moral de um professor pode influenciar o estabelecimento e o modo como se equilibram as trocas sociais, intelectuais e afetivas no campo moral com seus alunos adolescentes. O principal referencial teórico utilizado foi a Epistemologia Genética, em especial o desenvolvimento moral na obra de Piaget e em seus estudos sociológicos. O tema norteador da pesquisa é a questão da construção da escala de valores nas relações entre professor e alunos. A metodologia adotada define-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada através do método de estudo de caso múltiplo, em uma escola da rede estadual de Porto Alegre, elegendo como sujeitos professores indicados como significativos em termos de desenvolvimento moral por seus alunos adolescentes na pesquisa anterior. A coleta de dados ocorreu através de duas entrevistas clínicas com cada um dos sujeitos. Os dados foram organizados em casos, buscando investigar características do desenvolvimento dos sujeitos, de suas escalas de valores e das relações com seus alunos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o processo de desenvolvimento moral do professor influencia seu modo de relacionar-se com os alunos, tornando-o mais ou menos relevante em termos de desenvolvimento moral dos jovens. Esse processo de desenvolvimento inclui relações familiares, formação continuada, reflexões e relações significativas ao longo de sua vida, inclusive com seus alunos. Professores que viveram em seu desenvolvimento relações de autonomia e tiveram a oportunidade de refletir sobre elas e ter um contato mais amplo com o conhecimento tendem a ser mais descentrados e ter o desenvolvimento do aluno como um valor importante, apresentando mais indicadores de que estabelecem relações significativas em termos de desenvolvimento moral com seus alunos. A escala de valores dos professores estudados segue se desenvolvendo através da reflexão sobre sua prática, da relação com os alunos e da formação continuada. Tais dados confirmam os achados da pesquisa anterior, que demonstrou que tais fatores são necessários para que tenhamos professores significativos para o desenvolvimento moral dos adolescentes e os ampliam, possibilitando a compreensão da maneira como estes fatores interferem no modo como se estabelece esta relação. / This study investigated how the process of moral development of a teacher can influence the establishment of social, intellectual and affective exchanges with adolescent students in the moral field and how these exchanges are balanced. The main theoretical background used was Genetic Epistemology, especially the topic of moral development in Piaget's work and in his sociological studies. The guiding theme of the research is the issue of the construction of a scale of values in relationships between teacher and students. The methodology adopted was defined as a qualitative research, which was conducted at a public state school in Porto Alegre using the method of multiple case study, selecting as subjects teachers who were pointed out as significant in terms of moral development by their adolescent students in the previous research. Data were collected by means of two clinical interviews with each of the subjects and organized in cases, in order to investigate characteristics of the development of the subjects, their scales of values, and the relationships with their students. The results obtained indicate that the process of moral development of teachers influences their way of relating with students, making teachers more or less relevant in terms of moral development of the adolescents. This process of development includes family relationships, continuous qualification, reflection, and significant relationships throughout life, even with students. Teachers who experience, in their development, relationships of autonomy and who had the opportunity of reflecting about these relationships and having a broader contact with knowledge tend to be more decentered and consider student's development as an important value, showing more indicators that they establish significant relationships in terms of moral development with their students. The scale of values of the analyzed teachers is still under development through reflection on their practice, the relationship with the students, and continuous qualification. Such data confirm and the results of the previous research, which demonstrated that such factors are necessary in order to have significative teachers for the moral development of adolescents, and also expand them, enabling us to understand how these factors interfere with the way the relationship is established. / Este estudio investigó cómo el proceso de desarrollo moral de un profesor puede influenciar el establecimiento y el modo como se equilibran los intercambios sociales, intelectuales y afectivos en el campo moral con sus alumnos adolescentes. El principal referencial teórico utilizado fué la Epistemología Genética, especialmente el desarrollo moral en la obra de Piaget y en sus estudios sociológicos. El tema orientador de la investigación es la cuestión de la construcción de la escala de valores en las relaciones entre profesor y alumnos. La metodología adoptada se define como una pesquisa cualitativa, realizada a través del método de estudio de caso múltiple. Fue realizada en una escuela de la red provincial en Porto Alegre, habiéndose elegido como sujetos profesores indicados como significativos en términos de desarrollo moral por sus alumnos adolescentes en la investigación anterior. La recolección de datos se hizo a través de dos entrevistas clínicas con cada uno de los sujetos. Los datos fueron organizados en casos, buscando investigar características del desarrollo de los sujetos, de sus escalas de valores y de las relaciones con sus alumnos. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el proceso de desarrollo moral del profesor influye en su modo de relacionarse con los alumnos, lo que lo torna a ese profesor más o menos relevante en términos de desarrollo moral de los jóvenes. Ese proceso de desarrollo incluye relaciones familiares, formación continuada, reflexiones y relaciones significativas a lo largo de su vida, incluso con sus alumnos. Profesores que vivieron, en su desarrollo, relaciones de autonomía y tuvieron la oportunidad de reflexionar sobre ellas y tener un contacto más amplio con su conocimiento, tienden a ser más descentrados y tener el desarrollo del alumno como un valor importante, presentando más indicadores de que establecen relaciones significativas en términos de desarrollo moral con sus alumnos. La escala de valores de los profesores estudiados sigue desarrollándose a través de la reflexión sobre su práctica, de la relación con los alumnos y de la formación continuada. Tales datos confirman y amplían los hallazgos de la investigación anterior, que demostró que tales factores son necesarios para que tengamos profesores significativos para el desarrollo moral de los adolescentes y los amplían, posibilitando la comprensión de la manera como estos factores interfieren en el modo como se establece esta relación.