This thesis deals with the curricular development of modern languages in the schools of England between 1864 and 1918. At the beginning of the period, modern languages were fringe curricular subjects; by the end of the period, they had achieved full curricular status in the secondary schools. The vehicles for investigating the curricular development of modern languages are the reports of the Royal Commissions and Board of Education. This thesis shows that modern languages became an integral part of the liberal curriculum and hence were taught chiefly in the secondary schools as instruments of cultural and mental formation for the upper and middle classes. Their definition as secondary school subjects was due largely to their promotion as liberal subjects by the Royal Commisions and Board of Education. The elitist views expressed in these reports were highly influential in determining the curricular status of modern languages, and the aims, methods, and content of their teaching.

Essa pesquisa se inscreve no campo da Educação e trata sobre a apropriação de imagens no cotidiano escolar ancorada nos pressupostos teóricos da História Cultural. As construções teóricas de Roger Chartier relacionadas ao conceito de apropriação e de Michel de Certeau referentes às estratégias e às táticas de apropriação servem como referenciais para o desenvolvimento da investigação empreendida. Entretanto, com o propósito de cercamento do tema e de constituição e compreensão do objeto de investigação, também outros estudiosos se encontram referenciados ao longo da escrita que comunica o estudo. Quatro imagens produzidas no Oitocentos brasileiro foram selecionadas para o estudo e apresentadas aos estudantes tendo como suporte material exemplares de 7º e 8º anos (correspondentes às 6ª e 7ª séries) do Ensino Fundamental da coleção didática Para Viver Juntos: História, distribuídos pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD 2011, 2012, 2013). Trata-se das imagens Um funcionário a passeio com sua família e Sapataria, do pintor francês Jean-Baptiste Debret, e Colheita de café e Dança do lundu, do artista de Augsburgo Johann Moritz Rugendas. Os relatos verbais e escritos de dezoito estudantes das séries finais do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola da rede pública municipal de ensino de Vacaria/RS, constituem o corpus empírico dessa investigação que tem como propósito responder como os estudantes se apropriam das narrativas visuais do Brasil oitocentista, produzidas pelos artistas Jean-Baptiste Debret e Johann Moritz Rugendas, que se encontram reproduzidas nos livros didáticos de História em circulação no cotidiano escolar. É a partir dos procedimentos indicados pela análise textual discursiva, metodologia de análise tomada na perspectiva de Roque Moraes, que o material produzido no campo de investigação é organizado, analisado e interpretado. Com o estudo empreendido é possível afirmar que são positivas as expectativas dos estudantes acerca das imagens de que se apoderam no cotidiano escolar; que as práticas de apropriação das imagens no interior da sala de aula ainda que sejam variadas, acontecem marcadamente sob a vigilância das professoras que determinam as maneiras de fazer, que estabelecem – ou procuram estabelecer – sentidos para as obras visuais apreendidas, que autorizam as leituras praticadas; que as leituras de imagem dos estudantes comportam olhares particulares e aninham referências singulares, mas também suas interpretações são produzidas a partir de experiências, de conhecimentos que compartilham com seus colegas de classe. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-30T13:11:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Alessandra Chaves Zen.pdf: 8338299 bytes, checksum: 8c5c16d8005ef78728e435afa0c8f402 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-30T13:11:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Alessandra Chaves Zen.pdf: 8338299 bytes, checksum: 8c5c16d8005ef78728e435afa0c8f402 (MD5) / his research is in the field of Education and deals with the appropriation of images in everyday school life anchored in the theoretical presuppositions of Cultural History. The theoretical basis of Roger Chartier related to the concept of ownership and Michel de Certeau referring to strategies and tactics of appropriation serve as references for the development of this research. However, other scholars are also references throughout the writing that communicate the purpose of the subject and the constitution and understanding the object of this investigation. Four images produced in the nineteenth century in Brazil were selected for the study and presented to students. Those images were used as supported material and copies of the 7th and 8th graded books (corresponding to the 6th and 7th grades) of Elementary School of didactic collection 'To Live Together: History' were distributed by the National Program of Textbook (PNLD 2011, 2012, 2013). The images are 'An official tour with his family and Shoe Store' by the French painter Jean-Baptiste Debret, and 'The harvest of coffee and the Dance of lundu' by the artist Johann Moritz Rugendas Augsburg. The verbal and written reports of eighteen elementary students of a local state school in the city of Vacaria/RS, form the empirical corpus of this study. Such research aims to answer how students appropriate the visual narratives of the nineteenth-century in Brazil, produced by the artists Jean-Baptiste Debret and Johann Moritz Rugendas which are reproduced in textbooks of history available for the school routine. The material produced in the field of this research is organized, analyzed and interpreted from the procedures indicated in textual discourse analysis and analysis methodology taken by Roque Moraes. By the study undertaken in can be said that the expectations of students about the pictures that are held in school life are positive, and the practices of appropriation of images inside the classroom even though they varied, markedly occur under the supervision of teachers. These teachers determine the ways to do, to establish – or try to establish meanings for visual works caught allowing the readings practiced. Students' readings of images show particular view and join singular references but also their interpretations are produced from experiences of knowledge they share with their classmates.

Essa pesquisa se inscreve no campo da Educação e trata sobre a apropriação de imagens no cotidiano escolar ancorada nos pressupostos teóricos da História Cultural. As construções teóricas de Roger Chartier relacionadas ao conceito de apropriação e de Michel de Certeau referentes às estratégias e às táticas de apropriação servem como referenciais para o desenvolvimento da investigação empreendida. Entretanto, com o propósito de cercamento do tema e de constituição e compreensão do objeto de investigação, também outros estudiosos se encontram referenciados ao longo da escrita que comunica o estudo. Quatro imagens produzidas no Oitocentos brasileiro foram selecionadas para o estudo e apresentadas aos estudantes tendo como suporte material exemplares de 7º e 8º anos (correspondentes às 6ª e 7ª séries) do Ensino Fundamental da coleção didática Para Viver Juntos: História, distribuídos pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD 2011, 2012, 2013). Trata-se das imagens Um funcionário a passeio com sua família e Sapataria, do pintor francês Jean-Baptiste Debret, e Colheita de café e Dança do lundu, do artista de Augsburgo Johann Moritz Rugendas. Os relatos verbais e escritos de dezoito estudantes das séries finais do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola da rede pública municipal de ensino de Vacaria/RS, constituem o corpus empírico dessa investigação que tem como propósito responder como os estudantes se apropriam das narrativas visuais do Brasil oitocentista, produzidas pelos artistas Jean-Baptiste Debret e Johann Moritz Rugendas, que se encontram reproduzidas nos livros didáticos de História em circulação no cotidiano escolar. É a partir dos procedimentos indicados pela análise textual discursiva, metodologia de análise tomada na perspectiva de Roque Moraes, que o material produzido no campo de investigação é organizado, analisado e interpretado. Com o estudo empreendido é possível afirmar que são positivas as expectativas dos estudantes acerca das imagens de que se apoderam no cotidiano escolar; que as práticas de apropriação das imagens no interior da sala de aula ainda que sejam variadas, acontecem marcadamente sob a vigilância das professoras que determinam as maneiras de fazer, que estabelecem – ou procuram estabelecer – sentidos para as obras visuais apreendidas, que autorizam as leituras praticadas; que as leituras de imagem dos estudantes comportam olhares particulares e aninham referências singulares, mas também suas interpretações são produzidas a partir de experiências, de conhecimentos que compartilham com seus colegas de classe. / his research is in the field of Education and deals with the appropriation of images in everyday school life anchored in the theoretical presuppositions of Cultural History. The theoretical basis of Roger Chartier related to the concept of ownership and Michel de Certeau referring to strategies and tactics of appropriation serve as references for the development of this research. However, other scholars are also references throughout the writing that communicate the purpose of the subject and the constitution and understanding the object of this investigation. Four images produced in the nineteenth century in Brazil were selected for the study and presented to students. Those images were used as supported material and copies of the 7th and 8th graded books (corresponding to the 6th and 7th grades) of Elementary School of didactic collection 'To Live Together: History' were distributed by the National Program of Textbook (PNLD 2011, 2012, 2013). The images are 'An official tour with his family and Shoe Store' by the French painter Jean-Baptiste Debret, and 'The harvest of coffee and the Dance of lundu' by the artist Johann Moritz Rugendas Augsburg. The verbal and written reports of eighteen elementary students of a local state school in the city of Vacaria/RS, form the empirical corpus of this study. Such research aims to answer how students appropriate the visual narratives of the nineteenth-century in Brazil, produced by the artists Jean-Baptiste Debret and Johann Moritz Rugendas which are reproduced in textbooks of history available for the school routine. The material produced in the field of this research is organized, analyzed and interpreted from the procedures indicated in textual discourse analysis and analysis methodology taken by Roque Moraes. By the study undertaken in can be said that the expectations of students about the pictures that are held in school life are positive, and the practices of appropriation of images inside the classroom even though they varied, markedly occur under the supervision of teachers. These teachers determine the ways to do, to establish – or try to establish meanings for visual works caught allowing the readings practiced. Students' readings of images show particular view and join singular references but also their interpretations are produced from experiences of knowledge they share with their classmates.

The primary purpose of this proposal is to evaluate the strengths and weakness of an Afrocentric education in an urban school to promote the academic achievement of impecunious black children. This study is important to understanding ways to improve the academic achievement of low-income and disadvantaged black students who are marginalized from the mainstream of American society. This proposal analyzes educational and social forces that prevent poor black children from achieving in urban schools and policies that separate them from the general school population. The study addressed the state of blacks in America today, and shows reasons why urban schools must change to save black students. The study also shows that the current educational system in urban communities does not work. The study discusses whether or not school integration has helped black children improve in their overall educational experience. This study examines and explores the development, characteristic, learning style, and cultural backgrounds of teachers and students who interact in traditional public schools in insolvent urban communities. This study also examines a critical pedagogy in the sociology of the black experience. This part of the study explores black children in a social and historical context in American society. The major finding in this study showed a significant improvement in students' academic achievement based upon documents from the state's DOE and it has renewed Bannker's charter. The sentiments from the major stakeholders appeared to be satisfied with the overall performance of the school and in the direction its going. The positive results on standardize norm reference test has soften the opposition once held by some of the stakeholders in respect to its radical departure from integration. Many parents have witnessed the positive changes in students' self-esteem and self-worth at Banneker and in the community. Therefore, many of the stakeholders believe that education programs of a cultural relevant motif designed does enhanced low-income and disadvantaged black students' academic achievement. This study was limited to low-income and disadvantaged black children attending urban schools where every effort to desegregated these schools has failed and the majority of children has failed and is continuing to fail.

No description available.

On t.p.: Werkstuk vir die graad van Magister in Lettere en Wysbegeerte (Voorligtingsielkunde) / Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this document specific attention was given to the foundation and development of the Department of Psychology at the University of Stellenbosch during the period 1917 to 1979. Furthermore, the role that the Department of Psychology played in the development of psychology in South Africa has been addressed. The initial development of the Department of Psychology, important staff appointments made by the Department as well as contributions made by individuals was mentioned. The role that the Department played in the development of Counselling Psychology, the development of the Clinical- and Counselling Psychology courses, the approval of these courses and the registration of psychologists are discussed. The services rendered by the Department of Psychology, as well as research that have been done and the role that the Department played in the South African context is also included in this study. The findings entailed that the Department had an important influence in the development of psychology. The Department of Psychology at the University of Stellenbosch is the oldest psychology department in South Africa. A strong scientific and experimental approach was established in the Department. Fundamental laboratory work formed the basis for a variety of internationally acknowledged research studies and publications. The Department followed a preventative approach in the training of professional psychologists. The first grade course for the training of counselling psychologists in South Africa was instituted at the Department. The Department also played a leading role in the establishment of the University of Stellenbosch Bureau for Student Counselling. The Department was often criticised for not being involved in socio-political matters in the country during the apartheid era and that the research done by the department was focused on sustaining the apartheid ideology. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie werkstuk word die totstandkoming en groei van die Departement Sielkunde aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch tussen 1917 en 1979 sowel as die rol wat die departement in die ontwikkeling van sielkunde in Suid-Afrika gespeel het, bespreek. Die totstandkoming van die Departement Sielkunde, belangrike personeel aanstellings wat gemaak is en die belangrikste bydraes wat gelewer is, word bespreek. Daar word ook aandag geskenk aan die rol wat die Departement in die ontwikkeling van Voorligtingsielkunde gespeel het, die ontwikkeling van die Kliniese- en Voorligtingsielkunde kursusse, die goedkeuring van dié kursusse en registrasie van sielkundiges. Verder word gekyk na dienste wat deur die Departement Sielkunde gelewer is, navorsingswerk wat gedoen is asook die Departement se rol en betrokkenheid in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks. Daar word bevind dat die Departement 'n uiters belangrike rol in die ontwikkeling van sielkunde gespeel het. Die Departement Sielkunde aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch is die oudste sielkunde departement in Suid- Afrika. 'n Sterk wetenskaplike en eksperimentele inslag is van die begin af in die Departement gevestig. Fundamentele laboratoriumwerk wat gedoen is, het tot verskeie internasionaal erkende navorsingsaktiwiteite en publikasies gelei. In die opleiding van professionele sielkundiges is 'n voorkomende benadering deur die Departement gevolg. Die eerste graadkursus vir die opleiding van voorligtingsielkundiges in Suid-Afrika is gevolglik ook by die Departement ingestel. Die Departement het verder 'n leidende rol gespeel in die vestiging van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch se Buro vir Studentevoorligting. Dit word egter ten laste van die Departement gelê dat die Departement 'n mate van onbetrokkenheid by die sosio-politiese strominge in die land gehad het en deur sy vroeë navorsing bygedra het tot die grondlegging van die apartheidsideologie.

Hong Kong, a populated city, meets all the necessary technological and economic conditions for e-learning to be thriving in higher education. However, online survey results of students and teachers of a major tertiary educational institution over a period of three years showed that e-learning is not nearly as popular as anticipated and traditional face-to-face learning remains the preferred mode of study. Are the benefits and impact experienced in other countries equally applicable to Hong Kong? What are the barriers to e-learning diffusion in Hong Kong? Answers to these questions were sought from the teachers and researchers of e-learning in Hong Kong higher education. The research was based on a grounded theory methodology and used a three stage mixed-method design for data collection and analysis. The key informants were the teacher-researchers in higher educational institutions in Hong Kong. Several potential issues arising from three rounds of large scale online surveys were explored with them through in-depth interviews, which generated a framework for analysis, and based upon which a follow-up questionnaire survey was formulated and conducted. Inferences were drawn from the combined results of the online survey, the interviews, and the follow-up survey. The results from the study showed that the benefits, impact and barriers identified were broadly similar to those experienced in other countries. Whilst some personal and social conditions such as age, gender and, family and home conditions are not perceived to be important factors in hindering diffusion, certain unique social conditions in Hong Kong - such as the two official languages, the popular mixed-code phenomenon, the teacher-centred and assessment-centric culture, are perceived to contribute to some extent to the hindrance of e-Iearning diffusion. However, the teachers and researchers see more serious barriers in the unfavourable perception and negative attitudes of students and teachers towards e-learning and the lack of self-motivation and self-discipline. Based on these findings, certain areas of further study were suggested for future research.

This theses is divided into two main sections. First one, called TV show České století in scholarly discourse, is dealing with the TV show České století in the context of historiographical evolution, memory studies and historians' disputes and comments. Second one, called Utilization of TV show České století for teaching history, is practical and elaborates on using the TV show for teaching history classes. This part contains a complex approach for teaching history classes about the Velvet revolution at gymnasiums using epizode The very last hooray, including the historical, didactic and methodological analysis.

[pt] Nas últimas décadas do século XX os Direitos Humanos se afirmaram como um tema global. Esse contexto tem favorecido a construção de alguns consensos, dentre eles a consolidação da Democracia como um dos princípios imprescindíveis para a plena realização dos Direitos Humanos. Neste âmbito a educação em Direitos Humanos aparece como uma proposta defendida pelos organismos multilaterais a partir da identificação da necessidade de realização de ações educativas sistemáticas na direção da promoção dos próprios direitos. A pesquisa apresentada pretende reafirmar as relações entre Direitos Humanos, Educação e Democracia através da busca das possíveis alianças entre a educação em Direitos Humanos e o ensino de História, defendendo este como lugar privilegiado para a realização de uma prática emancipatória. Para isso foram entrevistados quinze professores de História da rede municipal de ensino do Rio de Janeiro que atuam em turmas de 5ª à 8ª séries do ensino fundamental. As entrevistas tinham por objetivo identificar e analisar suas concepções sobre a educação e o ensino de história e as relações estabelecidas com a educação em Direitos Humanos. Os resultados apontam para a existência de um amplo espaço de potencialidades, mas a efetiva realização dessas alianças exige um movimento de aproximação e diálogo entre o campo da educação e os Direitos Humanos. / [en] Human Rights became a relevant global issue during the last decades of XX century. In this context it is possible to identify the construction of few consensus such as the statement that democracy´s consolidation is as a priority for the full accomplishment of the Human Rights. In the same way, human rights education efforts became a proposal shared by multilateral organizations involved in the struggle to promote human rights. This investigation intends to emphasize the existing relations between Human Rights, Education and Democracy, focusing on the interconnections between human rights education and history teaching practices. In order to gather information about those relations we interviewed fifteen teachers of basic education (5th to 8th grade) public schools in Rio de Janeiro. The interviews were conducted with the purpose to clarify the conceptions of history teaching and its possible links with human rights education. The results of this present study suggests the existence of a wide space of potentialities, but the effective accomplishment of those alliances demands an approach movement and dialogue between the field of the education and the Human Rights.

[pt] A análise de políticas de currículo para o ensino de História nas últimas décadas revela a permanência de uma organização curricular caracterizada por uma perspectiva temporal linear e progressiva. Com apoio na teorização de Ivor Goodson, François Hartog e Reinhart Kosseleck, é possível compreender essa característica como parte de uma tradição disciplinar que se mantém estável desde o século XIX, momento de constituição da História como disciplina escolar, e que é qualificada aqui como uma tradição moderna, uma vez reconhecida a presença de marcas de um regime moderno de historicidade. Essa tradição tem implicado a configuração de um determinado lugar para a História do Brasil, marcado por uma lógica eurocêntrica, que, quando não exclui, posiciona o Outro num lugar subalternizado do processo da História. A crítica e a busca de construção de uma alternativa é proposta nesta tese com base nas contribuições de Boaventura de Sousa Santos, que, acusando as indolências da razão ocidental, propõe a superação das monoculturas racionais por meio de uma sociologia das ausências, uma sociologia das emergências e de um trabalho de tradução. Sendo assim, defendo que a crítica da monocultura do tempo linear no ensino de História pode promover a emergência da outras histórias possíveis. A ênfase na dimensão temporal de simultaneidade favorece contatos e confrontos necessários para o estabelecimento de diálogos interculturais no saber histórico escolar, que reconhecido em sua especificidade epistemológica e sua dimensão cultural pode se constituir em espaço de realização do trabalho de tradução. A pesquisa desenvolvida aqui procura em duas coleções didáticas para o ensino de História, aprovadas pelo PNLD 2011, marcas da tradição e sinais de alternativas, com o objetivo de, por um lado, desvelar as assimetrias que geram inexistências e desestimulam emergências, e, por outro lado, ampliar simbolicamente as narrativas históricas possíveis. A análise de conteúdo explora o lugar ocupado pela História do Brasil na organização geral das coleções e as concepções de tempo que são explicitadas e mobilizadas no tratamento dos conteúdos. Além dos limites e vantagens para a construção de zonas de contato interculturais impostos pelas opções de organização curricular de cada uma das coleções – organização cronológica e organização temática –, os resultados apontam para as potencialidades de proliferação de totalidades e de desenvolvimento de uma multiplicidade das temporalidades. / [en] The analysis of curriculum policies for History Teaching in the last decades shows the persistence of a linear and progressive time perspective in curricular organization.Supported by Ivor Goodson, François Hartog and Reinhart Kosseleck’s theories, this characteristic is understood as part of a disciplinary tradition that remains stable since nineteenth century, when History had achieved a status of school discipline. This tradition is here defined as a modern one since it contains evidences of a modern regime of historicity. It had resulted in a specific place for Brazilian History in historical narratives, related to an Eurocentric logic that excludes or settles the Other in a secondary place in the process of History. This thesis aims to criticize this perspective and to propose an alternative approach based on the contributions of Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Santos critics of modern western thinking indicate the possibility of overcome rational monocultures through a sociology of absences, sociology of emergences and a work of translation. Therefore, I argue that a critical view of the monoculture of linear time in History teaching promotes the emergence of other possible histories. The emphasis on temporal dimension of simultaneity favors contacts and confrontations required for the establishment of intercultural dialogues in school knowledge. Recognized in its epistemological specificity and cultural dimension, the school knowledge is able to be and adequate space for the work of translation. The research focuses two History textbooks collections approved in PNLD 2011 in order to find evidences of tradition and signs of alternative. It also seeks to reveal assimetric modes of production which forge non-existences as well as to symbolically enlarge the possibilities of historical narratives. Content analysis investigates the place of Brazilian History in the general curricular organization of textbooks and conceptions of time that are made explicit and mobilized in the treatment of content. The different curricular organization of each textbook – chronological and thematic organization – establishes different limitations and advantages to build intercultural contact areas. Nevertheless, the analyses underline the potential development of a multiplicity of temporalities through the historical notion of permanence.