Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Esta dissertação teve como objetivo a análise do habitus professoral de um grupo de professoras das séries iniciais da rede pública de Nova Iguaçu/RJ. Nesta investigação, me centrei na noção de habitus de Bourdieu, definida como disposições, estilos de vida, maneiras e gostos incorporados. Fiz o uso de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, que foram gravadas com o consentimento das professoras. Entrevistei 11 professoras e centrei a indagação em duas perguntas ligadas às memórias das professoras e sua origem social. As lembranças das professoras das séries iniciais foram as que mais contribuíram para decisão de ser professora. Convivem no discurso sobre a prática: disposições incorporadas na infância; metodologias e atitudes copiadas das antigas professoras, dos sujeitos e das instituições admiradas; além das experiências iniciais em escolas da rede privada. Assim, os habitus professorais e as concepções de docência tiveram relação com as diferentes instâncias de socialização docente e com as imagens e fazeres desta socialização. Enfim, os habitus professorais deste grupo se construíram em diversos tempos-espaços de formação. / The purpose of this dissertation was to analyze the professorial habitus of a group of teachers of the initial series of the public education system of Nova Iguaçu/RJ. In this investigation, I focused on the notion of Bourdieus habitus, defined as dispositions, lifestyles, manners and incorporated tastes. I used semi-structured interviews that were recorded with the teachers consent. I interviewed 11 teachers and centered the inquiry on two questions associated to the recollections of the teachers and their social origin. The recollections of teachers of the initial series were those that most contributed toward the decision to be a teacher. They are united in the discourse on practice: dispositions incorporated in infancy; methodologies and attitudes copied from former teachers, from the subjects and from admired institutions; as well as initial experiences in private schools. Thus, the professorial habitus and the conceptions of the teaching profession were related to the different levels of teacher socialization and to the images and practices of such socialization. In short, this groups professorial habitus were constructed in different times-spaces of training.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Esta dissertação teve como objetivo a análise do habitus professoral de um grupo de professoras das séries iniciais da rede pública de Nova Iguaçu/RJ. Nesta investigação, me centrei na noção de habitus de Bourdieu, definida como disposições, estilos de vida, maneiras e gostos incorporados. Fiz o uso de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, que foram gravadas com o consentimento das professoras. Entrevistei 11 professoras e centrei a indagação em duas perguntas ligadas às memórias das professoras e sua origem social. As lembranças das professoras das séries iniciais foram as que mais contribuíram para decisão de ser professora. Convivem no discurso sobre a prática: disposições incorporadas na infância; metodologias e atitudes copiadas das antigas professoras, dos sujeitos e das instituições admiradas; além das experiências iniciais em escolas da rede privada. Assim, os habitus professorais e as concepções de docência tiveram relação com as diferentes instâncias de socialização docente e com as imagens e fazeres desta socialização. Enfim, os habitus professorais deste grupo se construíram em diversos tempos-espaços de formação. / The purpose of this dissertation was to analyze the professorial habitus of a group of teachers of the initial series of the public education system of Nova Iguaçu/RJ. In this investigation, I focused on the notion of Bourdieus habitus, defined as dispositions, lifestyles, manners and incorporated tastes. I used semi-structured interviews that were recorded with the teachers consent. I interviewed 11 teachers and centered the inquiry on two questions associated to the recollections of the teachers and their social origin. The recollections of teachers of the initial series were those that most contributed toward the decision to be a teacher. They are united in the discourse on practice: dispositions incorporated in infancy; methodologies and attitudes copied from former teachers, from the subjects and from admired institutions; as well as initial experiences in private schools. Thus, the professorial habitus and the conceptions of the teaching profession were related to the different levels of teacher socialization and to the images and practices of such socialization. In short, this groups professorial habitus were constructed in different times-spaces of training.

In school algebra, using different methods including factorization to solve quadratic equations is one common teaching and learning topic at upper secondary school level. This study is about analyzing the algebra content related to solving quadratic equations and the method of factorization as presented in Swedish mathematics textbooks with subject matter content knowledge (CK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) as analytical tools. Mathematics textbooks as educational resources and artefacts are widely used in classroom teaching and learning. What is presented in a textbook is often taught by teachers in the classroom. Similarly, what is missing from the textbook may not be presented by the teacher. The study is based on an assumption that pedagogical content knowledge is embedded in the subject content presented in textbooks. Textbooks contain both subject content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge. The primary aim of the study is to explore what pedagogical content knowledge regarding solving quadratic equations that is embedded in mathematics textbooks. The secondary aim is to analyze the algebra content related to solving quadratic equations from the perspective of mathematics as a discipline in relation to algebra history. It is about what one can find in the textbook rather than how the textbook is used in the classroom. The study concerns a teaching perspective and is intended to contribute to the understanding of the conditions of teaching solving quadratic equations. The theoretical framework is based on Shulman’s concept pedagogical content knowledge and Mishra and Koehler’s concept content knowledge. The general theoretical perspective is based on Wartofsky’s artifact theory. The empirical material used in this study includes twelve mathematics textbooks in the mathematics B course at Swedish upper secondary schools. The study contains four rounds of analyses. The results of the first three rounds have set up a basis for a deep analysis of one selected textbook. The results show that the analyzed Swedish mathematics textbooks reflect the Swedish mathematics syllabus of algebra. It is found that the algebra content related to solving quadratic equations is similar in every investigated textbook. There is an accumulative relationship among all the algebra content with a final goal of presenting how to solve quadratic equations by quadratic formula, which implies that classroom teaching may focus on quadratic formula. Factorization method is presented for solving simple quadratic equations but not the general-formed quadratic equations. The study finds that the presentation of the algebra content related to quadratic equations in the selected textbook is organized by four geometrical models that can be traced back to the history of algebra. These four geometrical models are applied for illustrating algebra rules and construct an overall embedded teaching trajectory with five sub-trajectories. The historically related pedagogy and application of mathematics in both real world and pure mathematics contexts are the pedagogical content knowledge related to quadratic equations.

The major purpose of this dissertation is to analyse the insertion and practice of students and graduates on Pedagogy of the Universidade Federal de Sergipe (1968-1978) in the educational field in Sergipe. Another goal is to comprehend the opening of this academic field and its functioning and legitimation in the local sphere, and its contribution to the formation of teachers and Education specialists. For which it was donne a historical research based on bibliographic and documental analyses, both on the framework of the New History theoretical and methodological premises, more precisely of the new historiographic school named Cultural History. Besides, the study was oriented by the concept of field, capital and habitus, on Bourdieu’s account, and the concept of memory on Le Goff’s and Pollak’s account. According to the research, it is possible to conclude that the graduation on Pedagogy was among the courses authorized to be offered by the Faculdade Católica de Filosofia de Sergipe (FAFI), from 1951. However, the course had only been given to the public on 1968 after the inauguration of the Universidade Federal de Sergipe in 1967. The graduation course was opened by a determination of the civilmilitary government in order to inaugurate the Universidade Federal de Sergipe which required the FAFI’s fragmentation and the implementation of the Institute of Languages, Philosophy and Human Sciences and the Faculty of Education. After its implementation it was the most popular graduation course during the decades of 1960 and 1970 on the field of Education in the Universidade Federal de Sergipe. One of the reasons for it is associated to the national reformulation in 1969, which included the broadening of the field of expertise for educators by creating the habilitations: coordination, administration, supervision, and school inspection. Educators and specialists had worked in strategic functions of the educational field in this process, contributing to the modernization and expansion of teaching. In this sense, it is not possible to omit or deny the students’ and graduates’ contributions in the implementation of educational polices on the improvement of teaching, despite the fact that the course was implemented after an imposition of the civil-military government, and of the dominant interpretation of social and ideologic control as the main interest of the government. / Cette thèse vise principalement à analyser la façon dont a eu lieu l'intégration et la performance des étudiants et diplômés du cours de pédagogie de l'Université Fédérale de Sergipe (1968-1978) dans le domaine de l'éducation en Sergipe. En ce sens, elle vise également à comprendre le processus de création, le fonctionnement et la légitimité de cette sous-zone académique au niveau local et leur contribution à la formation des enseignants et des experts en matière d'Education. Pour ça, on a été réalisée une recherche historique à travers de l'analyse bibliographique et documentaire, à la fois ancrés dans les hypothèses théoriques et méthodologiques de la Nouvelle Histoire, en particulier le nouveau courant historiographique appelé Histoire Culturelle. En outre, l'étude a été dirigée par le domaine des idées, des capitaux et habitus de Pierre Bourdieu, et la mémoire de Le Goff et Pollak. Selon la recherche, nous pouvons voir que des cours autorisés pour le fonctionnement de la Faculté Catholique de Philosophie de Sergipe (FAFI), à partir de 1951, était la Pédagogie. Cependant, ce cours a commencé à foncionner en 1968, après la création de l'Université Fédérale de Sergipe (en 1967) et la certitude de l'intégration de la FAFI à le plus jeune institution de l'enseignement supérieur. Le fonctionnement du cours était une décision du gouvernement militaire civile pour la création de l'UFS, qui exigeait le démembrement de la FAFI et l’impantation de l’ Institut des Lettres, de Philosophie et des Sciences Humaines et de la Faculté d'Éducation. Après sa mise en oeuvre, le cours est resté pendant les années 60 et 70 du XXe siècle le cours le plus populaire dans la formation de l'Université Fédérale de Sergipe. Une des raisons de cette demande a été associée à la reforme nationale du cours en 1969, qui a élargi le champ de travaille des pédagogues par l’établissant les qualifications dans la Supervision, l'Administration, d'Orientation et d'Inspection Scolaire. Dans ce processus, les enseignants et les experts, ont travaillé dans des rôles stratégiques du domaine de l'éducation en Sergipe, contribuant à la modernisation et à l'expansion de l'éducation. Donc, nous partons de l'idée que, même si le cours a été installé par une imposition du gouvernement militaire civile et ces règles des interprétations qui réduisent les intérêts de contrôle social / idéologique de ce gouvernement, nous ne pouvons pas omettre et ni taire pas les contributions de leurs élèves et diplômés dans la mise en oeuvre des politiques éducatives visant à l'amélioration et à l'expansion de l'éducation. / Esta tese tem como objetivo central analisar como ocorreu na prática a inserção e a atuação dos alunos e licenciados do curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (1968-1978) no campo educacional sergipano. Nesse sentido, também pretendese compreender o processo de criação, funcionamento e legitimação desse subcampo acadêmico no âmbito local e sua contribuição para a formação de docentes e especialistas em Educação. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa histórica por meio das análises bibliográfica e documental, ambas ancoradas nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Nova História, mais precisamente da nova corrente historiográfica denominada História Cultural. Além disso, o estudo foi direcionado pelas concepções de campo, capital e habitus, de Pierre Bourdieu, e memória de Le Goff e Pollak. De acordo com a pesquisa, podemos constatar que dentre os cursos autorizados para o funcionamento da Faculdade Católica de Filosofia de Sergipe (FAFI), a partir de 1951, estava o de Pedagogia. No entanto, esse curso só passou a funcionar em 1968, após a criação da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (em 1967) e a certeza da incorporação da FAFI à nova unidade de ensino superior. A concretização no funcionamento do curso foi uma determinação do Governo Civil Militar para a criação da UFS, o qual exigia o desmembramento da FAFI e a implantação do Instituto de Letras, de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas e a Faculdade de Educação. Após sua implantação, o curso permaneceu durante as décadas de 60 e 70 do século XX sendo a graduação mais procurada na área de formação do magistério da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Um dos motivos para essa demanda estava associada a reformulação nacional do curso, em 1969, a qual ampliou o campo de atuação dos pedagogos mediante a criação das habilitações em Supervisão, Administração, Orientação e Inspeção Escolar. Nesse processo, docentes e especialistas, atuaram em funções estratégicas do campo educacional sergipano, contribuindo com a modernização e expansão do ensino. Assim, partimos da tese de que, apesar do curso ter sido instalado mediante recomendações do Governo Civil Militar, e dominar interpretações que o reduzem aos interesses de controle social/ideológico desse Governo, não podemos omitir e nem silenciar as contribuições de seus alunos e diplomados na implantação de políticas educacionais que visavam à melhoria e ampliação do ensino. / São Cristóvão, SE