Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Texas, Dec., 2008. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Ed.(Educational Psychology)) -- University of Pretoria, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-77)

Orientador: Luci Banks Leite / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T20:33:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rocha_JulianoGuerra_M.pdf: 17630608 bytes, checksum: a7ed518dc2da3db4ce2bc552d71379b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Esta dissertação estuda as marcas argumentativas nas narrativas infantis, direcionando um olhar para os textos narrativos escritos por crianças dos 6 aos 9 anos de idade, em processo de escolarização. Logo, as perguntas norteadoras desta investigação foram: Como se processa a argumentação nos textos de tipo predominantemente narrativo, escritos por crianças na fase inicial da escrita? Quais as marcas argumentativas que surgem em um texto do tipo narrativo, escrito por uma criança? Para tanto, foram analisados textos de caráter predominantemente narrativo, escritos por crianças do 1° ao 3° ano do Ensino Fundamental, identificando as marcas argumentativas que estão inscritas na materialidade do texto, à luz dos aportes da linguística textual - em particular, dos estudos de Koch e Travaglia - e da semântica argumentativa, conforme a elaboração de Ducrot em sua teoria da Argumentação na Língua (ADL). A análise desses dados - um corpus composto por cerca de 40 narrativas - foi conduzida, levando em conta dois níveis propostos por Nølke (1993) nos estudos da argumentação: o micro (palavras e itens lexicais) e o macro (discurso - texto). Considerando-se que, segundo esse autor, o nível micro tem uma repercussão na macroestrutura argumentativa, ambos os níveis estão intrinsecamente relacionados. Em relação ao nível micro, procuramos captar os efeitos argumentativos do uso de determinados tempos verbais e dos operadores argumentativos. No nível macro, aliamos a análise de duas modalidades de narrativas: as narrativas em/com diálogos e as narrativas de relatos pessoais, avaliando que, em certas modalidades de textos, a argumentação surgia de forma mais evidente. Os resultados apontaram para o fato de que ao narrar, a criança também argumenta; mais precisamente, ela não apenas conta uma história quando escreve um texto do tipo narrativo, como também opina, expressa pensamentos, se posiciona. Desta forma, no término desse trabalho, lançamos uma reflexão sobre a necessidade da implementação de propostas que incentivem o ensino da argumentação na escola, em particular na modalidade escrita, principalmente nas séries iniciais. / Abstract: This dissertation studies the argumentative marks in children's narratives by examining narrative texts written by 6 to 9-year-old children in the schooling process. Therefore, the questions directing this investigation were: How does argumentation develop in texts whose nature is predominantly narrative, written by children in the initial phase of learning how to write? Which are the argumentative marks that appear in a narrative text written by a child? To answer these questions we analyzed narrative texts of children enrolled in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grades of an Elementary School, identifying the argumentative marks which can be found in the text materiality. The theoretical support for the analysis comes from Textual Linguistics - in special the studies of Koch and Travaglia - and from Argumentative Semantics, as developed by Ducrot in his Argumentation Within Language (AWL) theory. The analysis of the data - a corpus comprising around 40 narratives - was carried out taking into consideration the levels proposed by Nølke (1993) in argumentation studies: the micro level (words and lexical items) and the macro level (discourse, text). Considering that according to this author the micro level has repercussions on the argumentative macrostructure, both levels are seen as intrinsically related. Regarding the micro level, we tried to capture the argumentative effects of the use of certain verb tenses and argumentative operators. At the macro level we analyzed two kinds of narratives: narratives in/with dialogues and narratives involving personal accounts, recognizing that in certain types of texts argumentation emerges more clearly. The results pointed out that, when narrating, the child also arguments (that is, orients the interlocutor towards a conclusion); more precisely, they do not merely tell a story when writing a narrative text, but also express opinions, thoughts, take a stand. Therefore, at the end of this research work we ponder about the need to implement proposals that foster the teaching of argumentation in schools, in particular in written form, especially in the first years of schooling. / Mestrado / Psicologia Educacional / Mestre em Educação

In a description of language, Ellis (1994) claims that "the bedrock of L2 is its vocabulary" (p. 11); while for Lewis (1993), language consists of "grammaticalized lexis", not "lexicalized grammar", and Nation (2001) adds that attention to vocabulary is unavoidable. This status of vocabulary determines its pervasiveness and implies the need for attention as claimed by Meara (1980). In second and foreign language teaching and learning, instruction is an important contributor in the development and consolidation of vocabulary knowledge while Computer-Assisted Language Learning has been described as facilitative in mediating instruction and improving learner independence (Chapelle 1998, 2001; Warschauer, 1998).The present study investigates narrative comprehension, immediate and delayed vocabulary retention as a result of implicit and explicit teaching and learning of vocabulary (Hunt & Beglar, 2005), with a hypertext reading task. Many researchers support that enhanced vocabulary activities and reading for meaning affect vocabulary acquisition (Krashen, 1989, Zahar et al., 2001; Paribakht & Wesche, 1997; Lee & VanPatten, 2003). For others, the degree of involvement in the processing and the noticed properties of words determine the degree of retention (Groot, 2000; Smith, 2004).Seventy-eight fourth-semester students of French as a foreign language from six classes at an American university participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to either the implicit or the explicit conditions, and received differential treatments. The subjects read the same enhanced electronic text with permanently highlighted target items in the explicit condition, and temporarily highlighted target items in the implicit condition. The target items were hyperlinked to the same textual, auditory, and graphic enhancements. The study also makes an overview of the effect of the motivation type on the subjects' performance levels.The statistical analyses reveal both strengths and weaknesses in the two modalities with regards to immediate and delayed retention; as one of the modalities favors immediate gain and the other longer-term retention. It is thus suggested that both modalities can be jointly implemented in a Computer-Assisted Teaching and Learning condition in order to achieve higher learning outcomes. The combination may favor the dual improvement in gain and retention in the learning process.

The 2007 revised mathematics curriculum in Ghana introduced many changes to the way mathematics should be taught and learned. However, before this research started in 2010, very little was known about how this subject is taught and learned. This study aims to investigate mathematics teachers’ teaching practices and students’ learning experiences in junior high schools (12-14 years) using a mixed methods design. The study’s conceptual framework is informed by two different, but interrelated theories: behaviourism and constructivism. Participants in the study were 24 mathematics teachers and 358 students from 12 schools. Semistructured questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data about participants’ perceptions, and classroom observations and interviews were used to collect qualitative data about actual classroom practices. The quantitative data was analysed using SPSS, STATSDIRECT and ORIGIN software and the qualitative data assessed using a thematic analysis approach. The key findings include: teachers and students espoused the belief that their teaching and learning practices are consistent with the principles and guidelines of the new mathematics curriculum. Teachers perceived teaching practices were complex as they contain both behaviourist and constructivist beliefs; however, their actual teaching practices were didactic. It also emerged that both teachers and students try to avoid making mistakes, despite the importance of correcting students’ misconceptions when promoting effective teaching and learning. The fact that peer influence is a key factor that shapes students’ learning was an important theme that emerged from the interview and the classroom observations. Students were only willing to participate in class discussions if they knew the correct answer, as they would be ridiculed by their peers for giving a wrong answer. The movement towards a more constructivist approach to teaching and learning, which is the prime objective of the new mathematics curriculum, occurred at a slower pace. Thus, a conceptual model for the teaching and learning of mathematics which advocates collaboration and partnership between teachers and students in the classroom is offered.

The introduction of technology and the widespread use of ICT in the wealthier nations have led teacher-educators to integrate technological applications in their teaching environment. The research investigated the new teaching modes created by teacher-educators in teacher-training colleges in Israel, due to their transition from traditional teaching to distance-teaching through the Internet. This was a qualitative research using case study within an interpretative paradigm that enabled the researcher to consider the viewpoints of the informants together with her own viewpoint. The research tools included: 14 open interviews, a non-participatory observation, documentation reading and the writing of a personal log. The rich variety of research tools enabled triangulation of data. The conceptual framework of the research was based on theories of teacher-training, distance-teaching, academic disciplines, and several teaching dimensions: organisation and representation of data, organisation and management of teaching and different types of interaction. The research findings indicated intrinsic and extrinsic motives for the teacher-educators transition to distance-teaching. The transition created a pedagogy characterised by four teaching modes that corresponded to different academic disciplines. Each discipline harnessed the technology for intensive use in one or more of the teaching dimensions. The Representation mode used by teacher-educators in the natural sciences and statistics used a large variety of data representations and Internet writing characterised by multiple links. The Interactive mode employed by teacher-educators in the field of literacy principally dealt with formative assessment of the students' writing and used virtual communication tools to tighten the teacher-learner inter-personal interaction. The Organisational mode used in education disciplines focused on organisation and management of teaching and learning through the use of computer applications. The Holistic mode employed by teacher-educators in the fields of education and literature, in substance constituted a combination of all the characteristics of the above-mentioned modes with an emphasis given to social presence of both learners and the teacher. Analysis of the teaching modes led to the creation of a typology of four modes positioned at different points along the following scales: organisation of teaching, flexible – fixed, types of interaction few – multiple; data representation, creative – conservative; computer literate – computer users. There was a clear contrast between teacher-educators teaching education disciplines as a continuation of traditional frontal teaching and those who had previously taught in workshops. At the crossroads of pedagogy with technology, the changes in location, time and lesson character have meant that the implementation of the teaching paradigm of Zeichner and the teaching orientations of Feiman-Nemser have taken on fresh dimensions. The new teaching modes necessitate appropriate training for all teacher-educators working in distance-teaching in accordance with their academic disciplines. The research findings contribute to the reduction of a gap in knowledge concerning the new teaching modes of teacher-educators teaching distance-learning in a teacher-training college in Israel.

Student Number : 9713472V - PhD thesis - School of Anatomical Sciences - Faculty of Health Sciences / The medical professional requires expertise in a wide range of disciplines as well as competence encompassing knowledge, skills and attitudes. Of these, the knowledge and skills gained in Anatomy play a fundamental role in contributing to the quality and performance of the medical practitioner. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of the teaching-learning Anatomy in the training of doctors at Universidade Eduardo Mondlane in Mozambique and therefore to contribute to the effectiveness of the medical curriculum to ensure that it produces high quality medical professionals. The following questions were addressed: i) Is the Anatomy course perceived by the students to be structured to address their needs regarding medical practice? ii) Is there a relationship between performance in Anatomy and other disciplines as recalled by the students? iii) Do medical students demonstrate a satisfactory knowledge of Anatomy in dealing with patients in practice? The study involved the medical students in the clinical cycle and the junior doctors employed at the Central Hospital of Maputo City. Data obtained by means of questionnaires, examination of clinical reports and interviews was analysed statistically by the SPSS programme. The results showed that overall the students have a positive view of how well the Anatomy course meets their clinical needs, and that there is a direct relationship between knowledge of Anatomy and the ability to perform in the clinical setting. There is however a need to review the current medical curriculum in order to achieve better integration between the courses and cycles and particularly to improve the efficacy of the teaching-learning process by selecting the content more appropriately and adjusting the assessment procedures. From this study recommendations may be made to help improve the students’ application of anatomical knowledge by increasing vertical and horizontal integration in the curriculum and introducing earlier exposure to clinical problem solving. Further studies are needed to better understand the impact of assessing the outcomes of the basic sciences such as Anatomy on the educational process as well as on medical practice.

Orientador: Mara Alice Fernandes de Abreu / Banca: Ana Maria Lombardi Daibem / Banca: Cássia Irene Spinelli Arantes / Resumo: A pesquisa tem como objetivo de investigação a prática pedagógica, construída pelas licenciandas em enfermagem em conjunto com a pesquisadora e, realizada de forma continuada, com alunos da sétima série do ensino público. O trabalho objetivou investigar se a realização de uma prática pedagógica, contextualizada ao ambiente escolar e às necessidades do aluno e elaborada, desde o seu planejamento até o exercício pedagógico, considerando-o como elemento ativo no processo ensino-aprendizagem, é capaz de promover ampliação na formação das licenciandas, estimulando-as para uma atuação transformadora. Essa prática pedagógica, ao considerar a transversalidade da saúde, abordou seus aspectos biológicos, sociológicos e psicológicos, a partir de estratégias de aprendizagem propostas pelas próprias licenciandas, com base nas concepções construtivistas que favoreceu a interatividade entre elas e os alunos da escola e também, o desenvolvimento e a socialização do conhecimento referentes à esse contexto. Entendendo a saúde, tema de extrema relevância para ser abordado com os adolescentes desta faixa etária, como um processo resultante da convergência de fatores integrados: condições de trabalho e consumo, meio-ambiente, liberdade, lazer, acesso à posse da terra, educação, habitação, alimentação, relacionamentos afetivos, convívio social, além da garantia de acesso aos serviços de saúde e, a prática pedagógica, um instrumento de reflexão-ação e transformação da realidade, a pesquisadora atuou, durante toda a pesquisa, como articuladora entre o saber teórico e o prático. Os resultados revelaram que a vivência dessa prática pedagógica possibilitou, maior aproximação das licenciandas com os alunos, professores e administração da escola, desenvolvimento dos conteúdos, com a utilização de propostas adequadas e em ambientes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this research is the investigation of the pedagogic practice developed by the nursing graduate students in connection with the researcher and continued with the students of the seventh degree of the public high school. The goal of this work is to investigate the realization of the pedagogic practice connected to the scholar environment and to the students needs and was elaorated, since its planning all the way to its practice, considering it as an active element in the process of teaching-learning, capable to promote the improvement of the graduation students as well as to stimulate and active transformation. This pedagogic practice, considering the versatility of the health, studied biologic, sociologic and psychological aspects, starting from the learning strategies proposed by the graduating students based on the constructivist conceptions that helped the interaction among them and the high school students as well developed and socialized the knowledge of this study. However, the health, relevant theme to be considered with the teenagers students, as a resultant process of the convergence of integrated factors: job and consume conditions, environment, freedom, leisure, land owing access, education, dwelling, feeding, affection relationship, social living completed with the lack of public health services, the pedagogic practice is an instrument of reflection and action as well a change of the real life. The researcher worked all the time as a link between the theory and the practice knowledge. The results showed that living this pedagogical practice promoted a larger relationship between the graduate students and the high school students, teachers and school workers as well developed the subject of the research using it with proper utilization of the objectives in an ideal environment to the learning and valuing... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

Mudanças têm ocorrido no perfil do estudante egresso contabilista, requerendo destes conhecimentos específicos das técnicas contábeis, e ainda desenvolvimento de competências múltiplas e visão holística do mundo dos negócios. Entretanto, pesquisas mostram que os estudantes não se sentem preparados ao concluir o curso de Ciências Contábeis. O método PBL traz como proposta o estímulo ao pensamento crítico, habilidades para solução de problemas e a aprendizagem de conceitos na área em questão. Este método diferencia-se das abordagens convencionais, pois o ensino é centrado no estudante, inicia-se com o uso de problemas, para direcionar, motivar e focar a aprendizagem. Porém, o uso do PBL ainda é incipiente na área contábil. O presente trabalho objetiva verificar a efetividade do método PBL no curso Ciências Contábeis da FEA-RP/USP. Os resultados estatísticos encontrados por meio da análise fatorial, alpha de Cronbach e regressão permitiram verificar que, a partir da adesão do estudante ao método, os mesmos ganham conhecimento na área, adquirem capacidade para resolução de problema, melhoram sua comunicação, desenvolvem habilidades, e adquirem confiança, apresentando consonância com o trabalho de Kanet e Barut (2003). Tal resultado também corrobora com meta-análise conduzida na área médica por Norman e Schmidt (2000) e Albanese e Michell (1993). Contudo, não há um método que resolva todos os problemas de ensino-aprendizagem. / Changes have been happening in the profile of exit accounting students, requiring from them not only specific knowledge of accounting techniques, but also the development of multiple competences and a holistic view of the business world. Research, however, has shown that the students do not feel well prepared when they finish their Accounting course. The PBL method proposes to stimulate critical thought, develop skills for the solution of problems, and also encourage students to learn concepts of their area. This method is different from conventional approaches because the teaching is student-centered; it begins with the use of problems to address, to motivate, and to focus the learning process. Nevertheless, the use of PBL is still incipient in the accounting area. The aim of this work is to verify the effectiveness of the PBL method in the Accounting course of FEA-RP/USP. The statistical results found through factorial analysis, alpha of Cronbach, and regression allowed us to verify that, when students adhere to the method, they gain knowledge in the area; they acquire the ability to solve problems; they improve their communication skills; they develop abilities; and they become more self-confident. These results are consonant with Kanet and Barut\'s (2003) work, and they also corroborate with goal-analysis carried out in the medical area by Norman and Schmidt (2000) and Albanese and Michell (1993). However, there is no method that solves all teaching-learning problems.

O material educativo (parcialmente composto pela configuração interna dental e cirurgia de acesso endodôntico), bem como o tema para o exercício escolhido, utilizados neste aplicativo, são de caráter experimental. Para sua produção, todas as modalidades audiovisuais normalmente utilizadas no ensino tradicional pela Disciplina de Endodontia foram parcialmente digitalizadas e processadas, o que possibilitou a exploração das potencialidades da tecnologia hipermídia. Os recursos pedagógicos dessa ferramenta permitiram instrumentalizar o corpo discente para uma exploração ativa do tema e exclusivamente centrada no aluno. O objetivo deste trabalho constituiu-se no desenvolvimento de aplicativo computacional, valendo-se da hipermídia como recurso de ensino-aprendizagem em Endodontia, de modo a: • Permitir uma exploração interdisciplinar do tema e de recursos audiovisuais; • Possibilitar uma navegação não-linear e interativa das informações, com características motivadoras de aprendizagem, baseadas em buscas e associações e veiculadas em diferentes mídias. Alunos e Professores da Disciplina de Endodontia compuseram o público alvo. A sala de aula é o ambiente ideal para utilização deste aplicativo. Conquanto o aplicativo computacional possa residir nos laboratórios de informática, nas bibliotecas, em CD-ROM; possa ser acessado em ambiente restrito ou em rede local (Intranet) e sua aplicação no grupo de alunos não seja descartada, a exploração mais indicada é a individual. / The educative material (containing, partially, dental internal configuration and endodontic access), and the choice about the exercise theme used in this device are experimental. To produce it, all the audiovisual devices usually used traditionally by the Endodontic Discipline were partially digitalized and processed. It allowed hypermedia technology potential exploration. This teaching devices allowed the theme active exploration by the students. The aim of this study was a multimedia application development using an hypermedia device by teaching-learning process in endodontics, to: • allows an interdisciplinary exploration about the theme and the audiovisual devices; • to make possible the non-linear and interactive navigation of the informations, with learning motivated characteristics, based in searches and associations, and transmitted in different medias. The Endodontics Students and Professors (Dentistry Faculty - Endodontics Discipline) were the aim public. The classroom is the ideal environment to use this device. Even if this device can stay in computer laboratories, libraries, CD-ROMs; could be accessed by a restricted environment or by a local net (Intranet), the advice is to an individual navigation.