Some small business leaders lack strategies to develop effective teams. Lack of team development affects the ability of restaurant small business owners to remain profitable for longer than 5 years. The focus of this multiple case study was an exploration of the role team development plays in business profitability. The population for this study was 3 experienced owners of restaurants in New Jersey that remained open for longer than 5 years. The conceptual framework was based on the Tuckman model of team development to highlight the connection between the model and how small business owners use team development to remain profitable for longer than 5 years. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews and review of business documents provided by 2 of the participants. Through thematic analysis of the data, the following themes emerged: the number of years in business and the training program; well-developed, skillful teams are key to business success; committed teams lead to sustainability; and team development and sustainability. Studying the team development strategies used in small business restaurants may help other business owners stay profitable for longer than 5 years. The findings of the study may provide valuable information for individuals wanting to start a business or for owners of small businesses who want to learn how to make their businesses profitable. Profitable businesses can create positive social change in communities by providing jobs and an influx of capital to community neighborhoods.

Corporations nowadays are in a highly accelerated stage, facing an ever-changing environment. It is no longer accomplishable by a one-man team to survive and prosper in such competitive environment. Hambrick & Mason¡¦s upper echelons theory points out that the top management team (TMT) is an organization¡¦s main decision maker, not individuals. The follow-up researches mostly focus on the relationship between TMT and organizational performance, but lack info on the construction of a TMT and its associated operations. It is therefore this research directs its focus towards how, when today¡¦s corporations start to adopt the TMT theory into their strategy, the number of team members, the selection process, member criteria, and the roles and responsibilities, are decided, and what elements will affect the conflicting communication and decision making process. This research is composed by case studies, and the following is a qualitative analysis conclusion of interviews with six corporations and seven senior managers: 1. There is a close-bonding relationship between the construction of TMT and corporation structure, managerial cognition, and corporation size. Mid-level and small corporations usually base their TMT selection on subjective decisions of the owners, while large corporations base TMT selections on protocols, through set channels such as recruitment or promotion. 2. TMT operation is related to corporation structure and owner¡¦s control. The role of TMT on major decision making depends on the owner¡¦s degree of empowerment. Communication between team members tend to be face-to-face communication, and senior management usually see positive conflicts to be of beneficiary value to the organization, while negative conflicts would be controlled under rules and protocols. It is therefore positive conflicts are not avoided, and actually encouraged, to increase innovation in the organization.

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<p>The purpose of this study was to identify the positive and negative aspects of the work and dynamics of a management team and from that recommend how the team can improve. The aim was also to investigate whether there was a gap between how the members of the management team comprehend themselves and how the project, section and team managers comprehend the management team. The management team contains of seven core team members and is the head function of a research and development site in central Sweden. The results are based on interviews with the present members of the management team and three former members, a survey among the project, section and team managers and by participating observation on meetings with the team. The results show that the management team is an overall well-functioning team that with some changes and improvements, especially concerning communication and information, can reach even further. In addition the results show that there was no considerable gap between how the management team comprehends them and how the project, section and team managers comprehend the management team.</p>

The purpose of this study was to identify the positive and negative aspects of the work and dynamics of a management team and from that recommend how the team can improve. The aim was also to investigate whether there was a gap between how the members of the management team comprehend themselves and how the project, section and team managers comprehend the management team. The management team contains of seven core team members and is the head function of a research and development site in central Sweden. The results are based on interviews with the present members of the management team and three former members, a survey among the project, section and team managers and by participating observation on meetings with the team. The results show that the management team is an overall well-functioning team that with some changes and improvements, especially concerning communication and information, can reach even further. In addition the results show that there was no considerable gap between how the management team comprehends them and how the project, section and team managers comprehend the management team.

Over the past several years, both government and the profession of pharmacy have acknowledged that pharmacists are not being used to their full potential in our health care system. In order to advance the profession of pharmacy in this area, guidance on how pharmacists can be integrated need to be investigated.<p>The purpose of this study was to identify how to integrate a pharmacist into an already established primary health care team, at the Student Health Centre at the University of Saskatchewan. The project was divided into three phases: defining the role of the pharmacist, implementing the proposed role and then evaluating and prioritizing the role. Using action research, an expert panel consisting of established primary health/ambulatory care pharmacists from across Canada helped to identify possible clinical activities for a Student Health Centre pharmacist. The results were presented to the primary health care team, who then collaborated with the pharmacist and researchers to define the role of the pharmacist. Once an agreement was reached, a pharmacist provided eight weeks of full-time clinical services. Upon completion, focus groups with the primary health care team members were used to evaluate the pharmacists clinical services.<p>The role of the pharmacist was tailored specifically for the student health care centre selected for the study. However, the process of integrating and evaluating the role of the pharmacist, will serve as a template for other pharmacists desiring to be involved in any primary health care team interested in expanding their multidisciplinary service.

Over the past several years, both government and the profession of pharmacy have acknowledged that pharmacists are not being used to their full potential in our health care system. In order to advance the profession of pharmacy in this area, guidance on how pharmacists can be integrated need to be investigated.<p>The purpose of this study was to identify how to integrate a pharmacist into an already established primary health care team, at the Student Health Centre at the University of Saskatchewan. The project was divided into three phases: defining the role of the pharmacist, implementing the proposed role and then evaluating and prioritizing the role. Using action research, an expert panel consisting of established primary health/ambulatory care pharmacists from across Canada helped to identify possible clinical activities for a Student Health Centre pharmacist. The results were presented to the primary health care team, who then collaborated with the pharmacist and researchers to define the role of the pharmacist. Once an agreement was reached, a pharmacist provided eight weeks of full-time clinical services. Upon completion, focus groups with the primary health care team members were used to evaluate the pharmacists clinical services.<p>The role of the pharmacist was tailored specifically for the student health care centre selected for the study. However, the process of integrating and evaluating the role of the pharmacist, will serve as a template for other pharmacists desiring to be involved in any primary health care team interested in expanding their multidisciplinary service.

Under the impact of the trend of globalization, enterprises face a more complicated and competitive external business environment than before. For the reason, the organization has to find out a business model which can react to any change in the environment and the market and which can reduce cost and establish a humungous niche. In such a background, an advanced information technology and an Internet communication application conjoin with the organizational demand; therefore, Virtual Team, a new type of teamwork system, is brought forth. Whether a team is virtual or traditional, it doubtlessly consists of people; however, without mutual-cooperation, the group cannot work efficiently and is arduous to accomplish a target. Apparently, there are various factors influencing the efficiency of a team. Among them, the most critical factors are leadership and team process. This study is to discuss what types of leadership should adopt to make their members cohere and then to be a competent company. The questionnaire of Virtual Team was sampled from the groups related to Information. Firstly, the author referred to the related documents to find out the factors connected to leadership versus a team, and then interviewed six managers experienced at Virtual Team to distinguish the relationships from factors. The author, furthermore, built a research framework and analyzed it in Partial Least Square. The result demonstrates that an increase on the members¡¦ participation and humanistic leadership make positive impacts on the team process of Virtual Team including communication & interaction, cooperation and conflict reconciliation. The team process, moreover, is the critical factor to affecting team efficiency.

In this study, we explore what can affect the development of team cohesion in the entrepreneurial team. We show the relationship between team members' cohesion and team performance over five main categories: (Ⅰ) Prior Condition, (Ⅱ) Conflict, (Ⅲ) Strategy, (Ⅳ) Task Interaction in the team, (Ⅴ) Social interaction in the team. Based on the research method of comparative cases, we selected six Chinese entrepreneurial teams as research objects. We show how individual behaviour affects the development of team cohesion in the entrepreneurial team at the individual level and team level. More specifically, we consider that entrepreneurial team cohesion changes are more complicated than traditional teams. The team cohesion of the entrepreneurial team has certain randomness because there is no guidance from the leader. The influence of personal factors on team cohesion will be more intense. When the entrepreneurial team improves team cohesion, team members need to participate more.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The past decade saw increasing prominence put on teams in the workplace and concurrently a proliferation in the use of adventure-based programmes to develop teams. The study provides a description of an adventure-based team development intervention into the executive team of the Health and Racquet Club's Gauteng region. The team consisted of fourteen executives that all took part in a three-day team development programme. As a qualitative study it refers to the nature of the intervention as characterised by the participants through their experience thereof and as a descriptive study it learns about the who, what, when, where, and how of the adventure-based team development intervention. The study is done from a phenomenologicalconstructionist perspective and therefore focuses on the meaning attached to the experience by the participants while it recognises the involvement of the researcher. The study is accomplished by describing: • the principles underscoring the intervention and illustrating how the intervention is based on recent literature applying the principles to adventure-based team development; • intervention (and research) context by recounting the activities that were used; and • meaning attached to the intervention with regards to the impact thereof on individuals and team development. In Chapter One an overview of the study, the scope thereof and a formulation of the research problem are given. Chapter Two presents an overview of the team within its context and explains the process of contracting, the team's needs and the fit between the intervention and the strategic aims of the organisation. "The following Chapter provides the principles that were applied in the design and construction of the intervention and gives the theoretical underpinnings of the programme as stemming from recent literature. In Chapter Four a description of the course design as well as the activities that were used is given. This is followed by a description of the impact of the intervention on the individual members and on the team respectively. An overview of the phenomenological method of analysis of Georgi is given and it is used to analyse partlcipant's presentation of the most memorable moments they experienced during the course. The study is concluded by presenting the research outcomes, suggestions on future research and final comments. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gedurende die afgelope dekade is aansienlik meer prominensie aan spanne in die werkplek toegeken. Daarmee saam is daar ook 'n toename in die gebruik van avontuur-gebaseerde ontwikkelingsprogramme vir spanne. Hierdie studie verskaf 'n beskrywing van 'n avontuur-gebaseerde spanontwikkelingsintervensie waaraan die uitvoerende span van die Health and Racquet Club se Gautengstreek onderwerp is. Die span het bestaan uit veertien bestuurders wat almal aan 'n drie-dag spanontwikkelingsprogram deelgeneem het. Die studie is kwalitatief van aard in die wyse waarop die aard van die intervensie deur die deelnemers gekenmerk word deur hul belewenis daarvan. As 'n beskrywende studie beskryf dit die wie, wat, waar en hoe van die avontuur-gebaseerde spanontwikkelingsintervensie. Die studie word vanaf 'n fenomenologies-konstruksionistiese perspektief aangepak. Dit behels dat daar op die betekenis wat aan die ervaring deur die deelnemers geheg word, gefokus word. Die betrokkenheid van die navorser word terselfdertyd erken. Die studie is voltooi deur 'n beskrywing aan te bied van: - die beginsels wat die intervensie onderlê en hoe die intervensie gebaseer is op 'n toepassing van resente onwikkelings in navorsing rakende avontuur-gebaseerde spanontwikkeling; - die intervensie- (en navorsings-) konteks deur die aktiwiteite wat gebruik is te skets; - die betekenis wat aan die intervensie geheg is met betrekking tot die impak daarvan op individue en spanontwikkeling onderskeidelik. In Hoofstuk Een word 'n oorsig van die studie, die omvang daarvan en 'n formulering van die navorsingsprobleem verskaf. Hoofstuk Twee bied 'n oorsig van die span binne sy konteks aan en verduidelik die proses van kontraktering, die span se behoeftes en die belyning van die intervensie met die strategiese doelwitte van die organisasie. Die volgende Hoofstuk bied die beginsels wat toegepas is in die ontwerp en daarstelling van die intervensie en gee die teoretiese onderbou van die program soos dit put uit resente literatuur. In Hoofstuk Vier word 'n beskrywing van die kursusontwerp asook die aktiwiteite wat gebruik is verskaf. Dit word gevolg deur 'n beskrywing van die impak van die intervensie op individuele deelnemers en die span onderskeidelik. 'n Oorsig van die fenomenologiese metode van Georgi word verskaf en dit word aangewend om 'n analise van die deelnemers se weergawe van die mees betekenisvolle oomblikke wat hulle gedurende die program ervaar het, te doen. Die studie word afgesluit met die navorsingsresultate, aanbevelings oor toekomstige navorsing en finale opmerkings.