published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

O teletrabalho é uma prática que pode ser utilizada como medida de gerenciamento da demanda por transporte urbano, uma vez que tem o potencial de reduzir a necessidade de realização de viagens através da substituição de atividades presenciais, que exigem deslocamentos, pelas virtuais, realizadas com auxílio de tecnologias da informação e comunicação. Esta pesquisa procura explorar e entender como está ocorrendo a adoção do teletrabalho por empresas em São Paulo e quais são os seus principais impactos nos padrões individuais de atividades e viagens. Para alcançar este objetivo, foi realizada uma revisão abrangente da literatura seguida por dois levantamentos de dados. O primeiro consistiu em entrevistas em profundidade com representantes do departamento de recursos humanos de dez empresas, que adotavam ou não teletrabalho. Já o segundo foi realizado com teletrabalhadores e utilizou ferramentas como questionário online, aplicativo de smartphone (para coletar dados de atividades e viagens por 7 dias) e entrevistas em profundidade. As entrevistas com representantes de empresas revelam que os potenciais benefícios para as empresas e para os funcionários são os aspectos que estão motivando a disseminação do teletrabalho, mesmo que de forma lenta. Porém, por não ser ainda uma prática comum, continuam a prevalecer algumas barreiras, principalmente relacionadas à cultura organizacional. O levantamento de dados com teletrabalhadores indica que a viagem casa-trabalho e o congestionamento em São Paulo têm sido os principais motivadores para adesão, e revela diferenças importantes no comportamento relativo a viagens dos indivíduos nos dias de teletrabalho e nos dias de trabalho convencional. Enquanto o número de atividades realizadas por outros motivos que não o trabalho e o tempo a elas dedicado são similares nos dias de teletrabalho e de trabalho convencional, o número de viagens, a distância viajada e o tempo gasto em transporte se reduzem. / Telecommuting can be considered a measure for travel demand management since it has the potential to reduce trips by replacing a face to face activity, which requires travel, by a virtual one, with the use of information and communication technologies. The objective of this research is twofold: first, to explore and understand the adoption of telecommuting by companies in São Paulo and, second, to identify and to measure the main impacts of telecommuting on individuals activity-travel patterns. To achieve this aim, a comprehensive literature review was conducted, followed by two types of data collection efforts. First, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals responsible for Human Resources policies in ten companies adopting telecommuting or not. Second, a sample of telecommuters was recruited to answer to an online questionnaire and to provide detailed diary data for 7 days using smartphones, after which an in-depth interview was conducted. Interviews with Human Resources personnel revealed that potential benefits for companies and employees are the drivers behind the dissemination of telecommuting, although slow. As a yet unconventional practice, barriers continue to exist, particularly related to organizational culture. Data collection and analysis of telecommuters behavior shows that the congestion faced in the home-to-work trip is the main reason for adoption of telecommuting in São Paulo. Important differences in activity and travel behavior were observed between telecommuting and non-telecommuting days. While the number of participations and the time spent in non-work activities are relatively similar for the two types of days, a reduction occurred in the number of trips, total distance and time traveled on telecommuting days.

Ho Ming-chun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-68). / Abstracts in English and Chinese ; questionnaire and appendix also in Chinese. / Chapter I --- Abstract --- p.2 / Chapter II --- Acknowledgement --- p.4 / Chapter III --- Table of Contents --- p.5 / Chapter IV --- CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION --- p.7 / Definition of Telework --- p.7 / Types of Telework --- p.8 / Development of Telework --- p.9 / Advantages & Challenges of Telework --- p.11 / -Individual Perspective --- p.11 / -Organizational Perspective --- p.14 / Telework in Hong Kong --- p.18 / -Studies on IT Industries --- p.19 / Implications --- p.20 / Chapter V --- Theoretical Overview --- p.21 / Telework Self-Efficacy --- p.21 / Computer Self-Efficacy --- p.23 / Work-Related Factors --- p.24 / Family Involvement --- p.25 / Jobs Suitable for Teleworking --- p.25 / Chapter VI --- CHAPTER 2: METHOD --- p.27 / Participants --- p.27 / Measures --- p.28 / Chapter VII --- CHAPTER 3: RESULTS --- p.31 / Differences in Sample Population --- p.31 / Prevalence of Telework --- p.33 / Gender Differences --- p.35 / Model Testing --- p.35 / -Evaluating the Measurement Model --- p.35 / -Evaluating the Structural Model --- p.39 / Chapter VIII --- CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION --- p.43 / Significance of Findings --- p.43 / -Prevalence of Telework at Present --- p.43 / -Effects of Telework Self-Efficacy --- p.45 / -The Role of Family Involvement --- p.47 / - Telework as a Cure for Organizational and Social Problems --- p.48 / Direction for Future Research --- p.50 / Chapter IX --- References --- p.53 / Chapter X --- Appendix --- p.67

Práce se zabývá možnostmi a způsoby, jakými lze v dnešní době pracovat z domova. Definuje a osvětluje jednotlivé pojmy, které s touto problematikou úzce souvisí, protože je tato oblast zatím v literatuře jen velmi nejednoznačně popsána. Základním cílem této práce je pokus vymezit práci z domova a mimo stálé pracoviště. Druhým cílem je ukázat vzory takovéto práce a upozornit na její pozitiva a negativa. Dalším cílem je ukázat jednotlivé možnosti, kterými lze tento model práce či podnikání realizovat. Po úvodní kapitole, která definuje základní pojmy, následuje druhá část práce, která řeší možné postupy při realizaci práce z domova. Třetí část práce je zároveň nejobsáhlejší a je věnována zkušenostem a konkrétním příkladům nabídek na práci z domu.

Telecenters are alternate work locations and are used as a means to reduce the commute discomfort to employees. Telecenters provide advantages to both the employees and the employers and are a good Travel Demand Management measure. The history of telecenters is relatively new. Many telecenters were established in the early 1990's with the support of the Federal and State Governments. While initial signs were encouraging, the inability of these telecenters to carry on running in the absence of continued funding made them cost intensive unsuccessful experiments. There have been fewer attempts by private individuals/ Governments to work with the concept of telecenters, since these failures; with home-based telecommuting being a more viable alternative to working from the office. There has been a recent revival of interest in telecenters owing to their ability to provide employees with more choice with their work place location. Also,extremely high congestion and long commute trips in many major cities are forcing authorities to look at alternate means to reduce trip lengths (and durations).Authorities in Miami are looking at alternate means to reduce congestion in the city and the possibility of establishing a telecenter is one such idea. This study evaluates the feasibility of establishing a telecenter in Miami. The site chosen is a stretch along SR 836 (Dolphin Expressway). Various conditions that must be met before the telecenter can be established are discussed, and the site is assessed on its ability to attract employees to the center.

With the increasing need for highway maintenance and the decreasingly available funds, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Austin District has sought to better utilize maintenance section employee resources by implementing a compressed workweek. The primary goal of this thesis is to establish a framework and methodology to study the effects of a compressed workweek on maintenance crews in both rural and urban environments. Secondly, this thesis will provide a background of best practices of popular flexible work arrangements, including compressed workweeks, telework, and flextime. The compressed workweek is a type of flexible work arrangement that allows employees to work longer days during a part of the week in exchange for a partial or full day off later in the week. Compressed workweeks can offer numerous benefits to maintenance crews, including increased production, less set up and shut down time per week, decreased operating costs, reduced overhead, and increased employee morale. TxDOT will implement a six-month pilot project in two rural maintenance sections and one urban section. Compressed workweeks have proven to be successful in other districts with rural maintenance sections, but application of a compressed workweek in an urban maintenance section has yet to be studied. Therefore, maintenance crew activity data from previous years will be compared to data collected during the trial period to understand changes in productivity and to estimate vehicle operating costs. Lastly, surveys of maintenance employees will be conducted throughout the study to solve any personal issues that arise as well as determine employee satisfaction with the new schedule. / text

Diss. Linköping : Univ., 2004.

Univ., Diss.--Bamberg, 2002.

Thesis (Ph.D. in Civil and Environmental Engineering)--University of California, Davis, 2004. / Cover title. Computer-produced typeface. Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-161). Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 203-231).