Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo obter um panorama das políticas públicas urbanas em telemática ao longo da sua recente história visando sua melhor compreensão. Isto se deve principalmente à necessidade de compreender como tais políticas evoluíram ao longo do tempo e como estas vêm influenciando a sociedade como um todo e principalmente o conjunto de lugares, tais como residência, trabalho, locais de lazer e o próprio tecido urbano que esta mesma sociedade ocupa e convive. Para esse entendimento será necessário compreender a história das comunicações em sua evolução em direção às telecomunicações, à telemática e às novas tecnologias da Informação (TIC\'s) para em seguida conhecer os serviços telemáticos que são oferecidos ao usuário final. Mas, além do conhecimento da sua história e também conhecer quais são estes serviços temos que conhecer, devido à importância, à complexidade e à velocidade em que estes serviços evoluem, as políticas públicas, no nível das esferas federal e municipal, a fim de, pesquisando a evolução temporal das políticas públicas urbanas de telemática, no nosso caso dentro do município de São Paulo, perceber toda a complexidade de sua influência, já citada anteriormente, sobre a sociedade e sobre a própria cidade. / This research is intended to obtain a general view of the urban public policies in telematic along their recent history and for a better comprehension of them. That is, mainly, due to the necessity of recognizing how such policies have developed through the time and how they have been influencing the society as a whole and, mostly, the set of places, such as residence, work, leisure areas and the urban net itself, which this same society inhabits and lives with. For this, recognition will be necessary to understand the history of communication in its evolution towards the telecommunications, telematic and the new technologies of information (TIC`s) to know, afterwards, the telematic services which are offered to the final user. But besides the knowledge of its history, and also know which these services are, we have gotten to learn, due to the importance, to the complexity and to the velocity in which these services develop, the public policies at the federal and municipal level in order to, researching the time evolution of the urban public policies of telematic, in our case, inside of the municipal area of São Paulo, to perceive in all the complexity of their influence, already mentioned formerly, over the society and over the city itself.

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo obter um panorama das políticas públicas urbanas em telemática ao longo da sua recente história visando sua melhor compreensão. Isto se deve principalmente à necessidade de compreender como tais políticas evoluíram ao longo do tempo e como estas vêm influenciando a sociedade como um todo e principalmente o conjunto de lugares, tais como residência, trabalho, locais de lazer e o próprio tecido urbano que esta mesma sociedade ocupa e convive. Para esse entendimento será necessário compreender a história das comunicações em sua evolução em direção às telecomunicações, à telemática e às novas tecnologias da Informação (TIC\'s) para em seguida conhecer os serviços telemáticos que são oferecidos ao usuário final. Mas, além do conhecimento da sua história e também conhecer quais são estes serviços temos que conhecer, devido à importância, à complexidade e à velocidade em que estes serviços evoluem, as políticas públicas, no nível das esferas federal e municipal, a fim de, pesquisando a evolução temporal das políticas públicas urbanas de telemática, no nosso caso dentro do município de São Paulo, perceber toda a complexidade de sua influência, já citada anteriormente, sobre a sociedade e sobre a própria cidade. / This research is intended to obtain a general view of the urban public policies in telematic along their recent history and for a better comprehension of them. That is, mainly, due to the necessity of recognizing how such policies have developed through the time and how they have been influencing the society as a whole and, mostly, the set of places, such as residence, work, leisure areas and the urban net itself, which this same society inhabits and lives with. For this, recognition will be necessary to understand the history of communication in its evolution towards the telecommunications, telematic and the new technologies of information (TIC`s) to know, afterwards, the telematic services which are offered to the final user. But besides the knowledge of its history, and also know which these services are, we have gotten to learn, due to the importance, to the complexity and to the velocity in which these services develop, the public policies at the federal and municipal level in order to, researching the time evolution of the urban public policies of telematic, in our case, inside of the municipal area of São Paulo, to perceive in all the complexity of their influence, already mentioned formerly, over the society and over the city itself.

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A presente pesquisa relata a introdução e o desenvolvimento da Arte Telemática no circuito artístico-cultural brasileiro. Dos trabalhos inaugurais realizados na década de 1980 até os desdobramentos ocorridos na virada para o século XXI, essa retrospectiva relaciona os principais eventos de Telearte e aborda conceitos que passaram a ser discutidos a partir da introdução das teletecnologias em práticas artísticas, culminando em um movimento de grande potencial dialógico. / The present study reports the introduction and development of Telematic Art in the Brazilian art-culture circuit. From inaugural works occuring in the 80 to developments promoted by the turn of the XXI century, this review shows the principal Teleart events and concepts that came to be discussed from the introduction of teletecnologies in artistic practices, culminating in a movement of great potential dialogic.

A presente pesquisa relata a introdução e o desenvolvimento da Arte Telemática no circuito artístico-cultural brasileiro. Dos trabalhos inaugurais realizados na década de 1980 até os desdobramentos ocorridos na virada para o século XXI, essa retrospectiva relaciona os principais eventos de Telearte e aborda conceitos que passaram a ser discutidos a partir da introdução das teletecnologias em práticas artísticas, culminando em um movimento de grande potencial dialógico. / The present study reports the introduction and development of Telematic Art in the Brazilian art-culture circuit. From inaugural works occuring in the 80 to developments promoted by the turn of the XXI century, this review shows the principal Teleart events and concepts that came to be discussed from the introduction of teletecnologies in artistic practices, culminating in a movement of great potential dialogic.

We are at a point in the history of higher education in South Africa when radical changes are occurring in instructional delivery system models. Of increasing significance is a mixed mode of traditional and distance delivery (i.e. Telematic Learning Systems at the PU for CHE). In this changing environment, language lecturers, the persons responsible for developing language modules within various Telematic programmes, remain a key element in the teaching and learning process. However, these lecturers are suddenly expected to make appropriate decisions in terms of distance education technology classification, evaluation, and consequent selection without the necessary knowledge and/or capacity to make effective technological decisions. The purpose of this article is to assist "Lone Ranger" language lecturers, in making pedagogically sound decisions when classifying, evaluating and selecting distance education technologies by: (a) considering technology selection as part of the instructional design process, (b) referring to some reasons for using technology for language learning, (c) focusing on criteria for classifying and evaluating distance education technologies, and by (d) reviewing selected studies in order to indicate the application possibilities of technologies for language teaching and learning. / Thesis (M.A. (English))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2002

In this thesis, methods for using computer-based models as support tools for assessing Transport Telematic Services (TTSs) are studied. Such assessments provide one way to understand how TTSs can address problems caused by transportation, such as accidents, emissions, and energy consumption. TTSs are services based on telematic systems which are Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) involving the integrated use of information and communication technologies in transport. The focus is on TTSs that are relevant for road freight transport, even though the suggested methods can easily be adapted for TTSs in other areas. We characterize TTSs, e.g., in terms of their functionalities, and apply computer-based modeling for pre-deployment assessment of various TTSs (from an ex-ante perspective). By analyzing information provided by the suggested computer-based models, it is possible to make an informed decision whether to (or not to) deploy a given TTS. A review of previous studies reveals information about relevant TTSs for freight transport in areas such as driver support, administration, safety, traffic management, parking, and goods handling. A hierarchical clustering algorithm and a k-minimum spanning tree algorithm were employed to analyze synergies of TTSs. Synergies can enable identification of sets of TTSs that can lead to cost savings if deployed on a common platform (cf. Multi-Service Architectures). An analytical model inspired by the net present value concept is used to estimate quantified societal benefits of TTSs. An optimization model is formulated and solved using a branch and bound method to determine an optimal combination of TTSs taking into consideration societal benefits, costs, dependencies, and synergies. The optimization model also addresses possible system architectures for achieving multiple TTSs. Dominance rough set approach is used to assess and compare benefit areas for TTSs specific to truck parking. The benefit areas are suggested with the help of conceptual modeling, which describes functional models of a system in terms of states, transitions among states, and actions performed in states. The main scientific contributions of the thesis are in suggesting new quantitative models, extending and applying existing models in the assessments of TTSs, and obtaining results that can help decision-makers select TTSs for medium-to long-term investments. Researchers can employ and build on the proposed methods when addressing different scenarios (geographic or organizational) involving similar TTSs. By studying a range of TTSs and possible Multi-Service Architecture concepts for such TTSs, the thesis contributes to achieving convergence of TTSs in a Multi-Service Architecture environment that will improve cost efficiency, minimize redundancies, and encourage the establishment of standards in the deployment of TTSs in road freight transport. TTSs implemented in such an environment can contribute to optimizing available capacity, accuracy, speed, and efficiency of road freight transport systems.

We are at a point in the history of higher education in South Africa when radical changes are occurring in instructional delivery system models. Of increasing significance is a mixed mode of traditional and distance delivery (i.e. Telematic Learning Systems at the PU for CHE). In this changing environment, language lecturers, the persons responsible for developing language modules within various Telematic programmes, remain a key element in the teaching and learning process. However, these lecturers are suddenly expected to make appropriate decisions in terms of distance education technology classification, evaluation, and consequent selection without the necessary knowledge and/or capacity to make effective technological decisions. The purpose of this article is to assist "Lone Ranger" language lecturers, in making pedagogically sound decisions when classifying, evaluating and selecting distance education technologies by: (a) considering technology selection as part of the instructional design process, (b) referring to some reasons for using technology for language learning, (c) focusing on criteria for classifying and evaluating distance education technologies, and by (d) reviewing selected studies in order to indicate the application possibilities of technologies for language teaching and learning. / Thesis (M.A. (English))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2002

Nos últimos anos, minha produção no campo da arte tem sido mediada por aparelhos, caixas pretas programadas, como bem define Vilém Flusser. Procuro entender como o computador e o vídeo funcionam e, daí, ver quais outros roteiros possíveis para a produção e distribuição do meu trabalho que, nestas condições, existe necessariamente como imagem técnica. A estrutura das redes telemáticas tem se mostrado o principal roteiro, um lugar inicialmente ocupado em 1998 por um arquivo de imagem enviado por e-mail e, atualmente, também pela minha produção de vídeo e áudio. Durante o mestrado, entendi que a própria dissertação poderia ser considerada um lugar, uma parte estendida das redes telemáticas definida pela reprodutibilidade técnica. Um suporte: outro roteiro. Peça híbrida, construída pela justaposição: texto acadêmico + trabalho de arte. Neste suporte, construo e analiso trabalhos específicos, localizo minhas intenções e referências mais diretas no campo da arte; parto de conceitos básicos da reprodutibilidade técnica e das novas tecnologias; refiro-me ao contexto histórico das vanguardas, particularmente, às colagens e alguns de seus desdobramentos. Enfim, tento entender melhor minha localização no campo da arte: em rede, mediado por aparelhos, parte do sujeito-Nós definido precisamente por Edmond Couchot. / During the past few years, my work in the field of art has been mediated by devices, programmed black-boxes, as it is well defined by Vilém Flusser. I try to understand how the computer and the video work and, furthermore, to discover which are the other possible scripts for the production and distribution of my work, that, in these conditions, necessarily exists as mechanical image. The telematic nets’ structure has being shown as the main script, a location initially occupied in 1998 by an image file sent by e-mail and, now-a-days, also by my video and audio production. By means of my masters program, I concluded that the dissertation itself could be considered a place, an extended partition of the telematic nets defined by the mechanical reproducibility. One support: another script. Hybrid piece, built by juxtaposition: academic text + art work. Into this support, I build and analyse specific works, I locate my most definite intentions and references in the field of art; I begin with basic concepts of the mechanical reproducibility and the new technologies; I refer to the historical context of the vanguards, particularly, to the collages and some of their unfolding. Finally, I aim to better understand my position in the field of art: in the web, mediated by devices, part of the subject-Us defined precisely by Edmond Couchot.

Nos últimos anos, minha produção no campo da arte tem sido mediada por aparelhos, caixas pretas programadas, como bem define Vilém Flusser. Procuro entender como o computador e o vídeo funcionam e, daí, ver quais outros roteiros possíveis para a produção e distribuição do meu trabalho que, nestas condições, existe necessariamente como imagem técnica. A estrutura das redes telemáticas tem se mostrado o principal roteiro, um lugar inicialmente ocupado em 1998 por um arquivo de imagem enviado por e-mail e, atualmente, também pela minha produção de vídeo e áudio. Durante o mestrado, entendi que a própria dissertação poderia ser considerada um lugar, uma parte estendida das redes telemáticas definida pela reprodutibilidade técnica. Um suporte: outro roteiro. Peça híbrida, construída pela justaposição: texto acadêmico + trabalho de arte. Neste suporte, construo e analiso trabalhos específicos, localizo minhas intenções e referências mais diretas no campo da arte; parto de conceitos básicos da reprodutibilidade técnica e das novas tecnologias; refiro-me ao contexto histórico das vanguardas, particularmente, às colagens e alguns de seus desdobramentos. Enfim, tento entender melhor minha localização no campo da arte: em rede, mediado por aparelhos, parte do sujeito-Nós definido precisamente por Edmond Couchot. / During the past few years, my work in the field of art has been mediated by devices, programmed black-boxes, as it is well defined by Vilém Flusser. I try to understand how the computer and the video work and, furthermore, to discover which are the other possible scripts for the production and distribution of my work, that, in these conditions, necessarily exists as mechanical image. The telematic nets’ structure has being shown as the main script, a location initially occupied in 1998 by an image file sent by e-mail and, now-a-days, also by my video and audio production. By means of my masters program, I concluded that the dissertation itself could be considered a place, an extended partition of the telematic nets defined by the mechanical reproducibility. One support: another script. Hybrid piece, built by juxtaposition: academic text + art work. Into this support, I build and analyse specific works, I locate my most definite intentions and references in the field of art; I begin with basic concepts of the mechanical reproducibility and the new technologies; I refer to the historical context of the vanguards, particularly, to the collages and some of their unfolding. Finally, I aim to better understand my position in the field of art: in the web, mediated by devices, part of the subject-Us defined precisely by Edmond Couchot.