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Showing 101 to 102 of 102 (0.074 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"temperatura corporal"" "subject:"temperatura sorporal""
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Análise da temperatura axilar e da febre verificadas em um ensaio clínico com vacinas / Analysis of axillary temperature and fever observed in a clinical trial of vaccinesSantos, Eliane Matos dos January 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2009 / Objetivos: Analisar a temperatura axilar no estudo da vacina contra difteria, tétano, o componente pertussis e hemófilo (DTP/Hib), a frequência de febre e a associação dos eventos adversos. Analisar a metodologia para verificação da temperatura corpórea e febre utilizada em diferentes estudos clínicos com a vacina DTP/Hib. Materiais e métodos: Este trabalho é baseado em dados obtidos do Estudo de imunogenicidade e reatogenicidade de vacina combinada contra difteria, tétano, pertussis e hemófilo tipo b: validação clínica de produto produzido totalmente no Brasil, com 1000 lactentes, realizado no município do Rio de Janeiro, no ano de 2006. Foi analisada a temperatura axilar nos tempos 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas após a vacinação. Foram analisadas as associações entre os eventos adversos locais e eventos adversos sistêmicos. Resultados: A freqüência de febre foi de 53,4 por cento após a primeira dose, 39,9 por cento após a segunda dose e 31,5 por cento após a terceira dose nas 24 horas após a vacinação. A freqüência de febre foi diminuindo com a aplicação das doses. Não houve padrão de associação entre os eventos adversos locais e sistêmicos. A mediana da distribuição da temperatura axilar foi maior nostempos 6 e 12 horas após a vacinação. Conclusões: A definição de febre e as metodologias utilizadas nos estudos clínicos para verificar a temperatura corpórea ainda são heterogêneas, o que dificulta a comparabilidade entre eles. / Objectives: To analyze the axillary temperature in the study of the vaccine DTP/Hib (Martins
et al., 2008), the frequency of fever and the association of the adverse events. To analyze the
methodology for checking of the corporal temperature and fever used in different clinical trial with the vaccine DTP/Hib. Materials and methods: This work is based on obtained data of the “Study of immunogenicity and reactogenicity of vaccine combined against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and haemophylus type b: clinical validation of product produced totally in Brazil ”, with 1000 infants,carried out in the local authority of the Rio of January, in the year of 2006. The axillary temperature was analyzed in the times 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the vaccination. The associations were analyzed between the adverse local events and adverse systemic events. Results: The frequency of fever was 53.4 % after the first dose, 39.9 % after the second dose and 31.5 % after the third dose in 24 hours after the vaccination. The frequency of fever was lessening with the application of the doses. There was no standard of association between the adverse local events and systemic adverse events. The medium one of the distribution of the axillary temperature was bigger in the times 6 and 12 hours after the vaccination. Conclusions: The definition of fever and the methodologies used in the clinical studies to check the corporal temperature they are still heterogeneous what makes difficult the comparability between them.
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Study of the interaction between 3,4 methylenedioximethamphetamine and the endocannabinoid systemTouriño Raposo, Clara 17 February 2009 (has links)
La 3,4-metilendioximetamfetamina (MDMA, èxtasi) i el cannabis són dues drogues les quals es consumeixen conjuntament de manera habitual. Malgrat que tots dos compostos presenten propietats reforçant i potencial addictiu, també tenen propietats farmacològiques oposades. La MDMA es una droga psicoestimulant, la qual causa hiperlocomoció, hipertèrmia, resposted de tipus asiogènic i neurotoxicitat. Per altra banda el Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), principal compost psicoactiu del cannabis, posseeix efectes relaxants, hipolocomotors, hipotèrmics i neuroprotectors. Els efectes de la MDMA i el THC al sistema nerviós central es troben mediats per dos mecanismes notablement diferents. La MDMA augmenta els nivells extracel·lulars de dopamina i serotonina, mentre que el THC produeix l'activació del receptor cannabinoide CB1. Cal destacar a més que les interaccions entre els sistemes monoaminèrgic i endocannabinoide s'observa de manera freqüent en l'organisme.En el present estudi hem explorat la implicació del sistema endocannabinoide i la MDMA en diversos aspectes. Per una banda el receptor cannabinoide CB1 juga un important paper en els efectes hiperlocomotors i hipertèrmics, i en les respostes de tipus ansiogènic produïdes per la MDMA. Curiosament, encara que el receptor CB1 no participa en els efectes recompensants primaris de la MDMA, és imprescindible per que tinguin lloc els seus efectes reforçants. Així mateix, l'alliberació de serotonina per part de la MDMA redueix de manera dosi-depenent la simptomatologia física causada pel síndrome d'abstinència a cannabinoides precipitada per un antagonista del receptor CB1. Finalment, el tractament amb THC era capaç de prevenir la hipertèrmia, activació glial, estrès oxidatiu i pèrdua de terminals causada per la MDMA. Com a conseqüència el THC exerceix un efecte neuroprotector contra la neurotoxicitat induïda per la MDMA. / 3,4-methylenedioximethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) and cannabis are two drugs frequently consumed in combination. Despite both compounds have rewarding properties and abuse liability, they show opposite pharmacological properties. On the one hand, MDMA is a psychostimulant drug with hyperlocomotor, hyperthermic, anxiogenic-like and neurotoxic effects. On the other hand, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive compound of cannabis, has relaxant, hypolocomotor, hypothermic and neuroprotective properties. The effects of MDMA and THC in the central nervous system are mediated by two different mechanisms. MDMA enhances the extracellular levels of dopamine and serotonin, whereas THC activates the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. Likewise, interactions between the monoaminergic and the endogenous cannabinoid system have been frequently observed.In the current study, we explored the involvement of CB1 cannabinoid receptor on the hyperlocomotor, hyperthermic, anxiogenic-like, rewarding and reinforcing effects of MDMA. We also studied the effect of acute and chronic administration of MDMA on rimonabant-precipitated THC withdrawal syndrome. Furthermore, we explored the neuroprotective effects of THC on MDMA-induced neurotoxicity.As a result of this study we may conclude that endocannabinoid system and MDMA interact in a wide variety of aspects. CB1 receptor plays an important role on the hyperlocomotor, hyperthermic, and anxiogenic-like effects of MDMA. Interestingly, CB1 receptor is essential for the reinforcing but not the primary rewarding properties of MDMA. In addition, the release of serotonin by MDMA dose-dependently reduced the severity of THC withdrawal syndrome triggered by a CB1 antagonist. Finally, pretreatment with THC prevented the hyperthermia, glial activation, oxidative stress and terminal loss caused by MDMA. Consequently, THC exerts a neuroprotective effect against MDMA-induced neurotoxicity.
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