The Eviction is a film about the forced eviction of a large homeless encampment in Dallas. In an effort to understand the gravity over a month of filming I will capture the stories of people, events, and the trials of those who are trying to offer a hand up.

Natural disasters and conflicts in many different parts of the world force thousands of people to get displaced from their homes and live in refugee camps temporarily or permanently. For refugee families, lack of energy access has great impact on their lives. Tarpon Solar Company has developed a solar tent which is a combination of laminated cloth and flexible solar cells. In addition to producing renewable electricity, it can create a comfortable outdoor shelter from sun, rain and wind.   The aims of this study were to define and size the solar system of the tent in both AC and DC systems and optimize the tent to work in different locations around the world. Besides designing a monitoring system for the solar tent to evaluate the performance. In addition, defining the social aspect and the consumer behavior for a better solar tent future design. As a case study, Tarpon AC solar tent in Glava, Sweden has been installed to cover the basic needs of the tent users. To understand the solar tent performance in different weather zones, 4 different locations were suggested. A monitor system was designed to monitor the tent solar system performance. The simulation software PVsyst was used to size the PV system in the different locations with different solar data.   The PVsyst simulation results showed that the current Tarpon solar tent with 32 photovoltaic modules is extremely oversized to cover the basic needs loads (Lighting, mobile charging and ventilation) in the emergency cases.   The current Tarpon solar tent has a standard number of photovoltaic modules integrated in the tent fabric while the photovoltaic modules number should vary from one location to another according to the weather data and solar irradiation. In this case the current Tarpon solar system used in Glava, Sweden can be optimized by decreasing the number of photovoltaic modules to only 6 photovoltaic modules instead of 32 modules.   The study also shows that the features of the off-grid system components (battery and charge controller) are different from one location to another according to the criteria of selection.   This study concludes that for the temporary short-term emergency use of the tent where only basic needs loads are needed, DC system is better than AC system in terms of energy efficiency, system size and cost in the different proposed locations. While AC system is better when using the tent for prolonged time in terms of user flexibility and ability to extend the system. Understanding the consumer behavior and the goal of the tent whether to be used for an emergency short term shelter or a permanent shelter for a prolonged time are important factors for a better solar tent design.

Esta dissertação é um estudo das territorialidades de uma rede de parentes de ciganos distribuídos na Região Metropolitana de Vitória do estado do Espírito Santo, no qual pretende-se compreender o modo como se organizam e se deslocam territorialmente. Guia-se pelas teorias contemporâneas da antropologia na qual entende-se que o conhecimento etnográfico produzido é uma construção resultante da relação entre pesquisador e pesquisados. As categorias ciganas relacionadas às conceituações de espaço, como pouso, embarracar, morador, viajar, são consideradas e costuradas em uma cosmologia cigana onde se vive apoiado. Posteriormente, analisa-se, em que medida, tais categorias se aproximam ou se distanciam, e podem tensionar as categorias analíticas empregadas por teóricos sobre o tema, como o conceito de nomadismo e sedentarismo. / This dissertation is a study of territorialities of a network of gypsy relatives distributed in the metropolitan region of Vitória of Espírito Santo State. The study aims at understanding the way in which gypsies organize themselves and how they move territorially. The study will be guided by anthropological studies in which contemporary literature shows that produced ethnographic knowledge is a structure resulted from the relationship between researcher and subject. The gypsy categories related to the conceptions of space, such as pouso, embarracar, morador, viajar, are perceived and sewn in a gypsy cosmology in which people live apoiado. Thereafter, it will be analyzed to which extent such categories can reevaluate analytical categories employed by theorists on the topic, such as the concept of nomadism and sedentarism.

Esta dissertação é um estudo das territorialidades de uma rede de parentes de ciganos distribuídos na Região Metropolitana de Vitória do estado do Espírito Santo, no qual pretende-se compreender o modo como se organizam e se deslocam territorialmente. Guia-se pelas teorias contemporâneas da antropologia na qual entende-se que o conhecimento etnográfico produzido é uma construção resultante da relação entre pesquisador e pesquisados. As categorias ciganas relacionadas às conceituações de espaço, como pouso, embarracar, morador, viajar, são consideradas e costuradas em uma cosmologia cigana onde se vive apoiado. Posteriormente, analisa-se, em que medida, tais categorias se aproximam ou se distanciam, e podem tensionar as categorias analíticas empregadas por teóricos sobre o tema, como o conceito de nomadismo e sedentarismo. / This dissertation is a study of territorialities of a network of gypsy relatives distributed in the metropolitan region of Vitória of Espírito Santo State. The study aims at understanding the way in which gypsies organize themselves and how they move territorially. The study will be guided by anthropological studies in which contemporary literature shows that produced ethnographic knowledge is a structure resulted from the relationship between researcher and subject. The gypsy categories related to the conceptions of space, such as pouso, embarracar, morador, viajar, are perceived and sewn in a gypsy cosmology in which people live apoiado. Thereafter, it will be analyzed to which extent such categories can reevaluate analytical categories employed by theorists on the topic, such as the concept of nomadism and sedentarism.

This thesis puts forth the argument that two contrasting models of modern feminist midrash evolved in the late nineteenth century. Both models successfully bridge Jewish tradition and modern experience. The Red Tent serves as a primary text and a case study in this discussion of modern feminist midrash.

No description available.

How are homeless individuals, who have no access to private space yet still have the same needs of dwelling as the rest of us, regarded when they exercise their right to dwell? This question guided my research of Edmontons Tent City, which emerged during the summer of 2007. Interviews with twenty-two individuals, including with encampment residents, service providers, and state officials, informed a broader understanding of why the encampment emerged at the time that it did; how Edmontons public spaces accommodate the homeless; and, how Tent City shaped municipal and provincial policy on housing and homelessness. Homeless campers saw Tent City as home, while state management focused on excluding homeless campers from the downtown public space to restore order to the streets of Edmonton, as well as their positive public image. Tent City constituted a claim by homeless campers to occupy public space and be represented as part of the public but hitherto this has been met with increased strategies of dispersement and exclusion rather than with an expansion of citizenship rights. I argue that Tent City illuminates the states preoccupation with regulating the visibility of homeless individuals rather than focusing on the dwelling needs of homeless campers.

In order to analyze the inducible defense response of hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa x P. deltoides), macroarrays were used to profile transcript patterns elicited by wounding and by regurgitant from forest tent caterpillar (FTC; Malacosoma disstria), a poplar defoliator. FTC regurgitant proved to be a potent elicitor of defense gene expression and was shown to contain the insect-derived elicitor volicitin. Comparison of inducible defense responses elicited by FTC regurgitant and wounding with pliers revealed qualitatively similar responses in terms of transcript accumulation. Extensive overlap was also observed in the sets of induced genes from locally- and systemically-induced leaves. Systemic responses were further investigated and shown to also be inducible in roots, which implies shoot-root systemic signaling. Comparative macroarray analysis showed similarities between inducible responses in leaves and roots, including genes that encode previously identified leaf herbivore defense genes. The macroarray analysis also established a suite of marker genes for future studies of herbivore defense in poplar, many of which may play key roles in the defense response and are candidates for further study. Among these genes were several inducible Kunitz trypsin inhibitors (KTIs), which were investigated further with biochemical analyses. The sequenced poplar genome was used to select KTI genes that represent the diversity of this family. Recombinant proteins were generated and showed that the poplar KTI genes encode functional proteinase inhibitors and that they are functionally distinct, i.e. they have specific proteinase substrate preferences. Moreover, wounding increases accumulation of KTI proteins, as well as protease inhibitor activity in leaves, supporting a defensive role for this protein family. These proteins were therefore tested for their ability to inhibit insect digestive proteases from FTC and bertha armyworm. The poplar KTIs tested all inhibited at least some protease activity from FTC midgut extracts. The strongest inhibitor of FTC proteases, TI3. was further tested in bioassays and shown to reduce larval growth of FTC when incorporated into insect diet. confirming that this KTI functions as an anti-herbivore protein. In addition, analysis of FTC midguts from T13 feeding experiments showed that larvae responded to TI3 by producing more gut proteases. This hyperproduction of proteases may exacerbate the antinutritive effects of TI3 by reducing pools of essential amino acids.

M.Sc. (Zoology) / Spiders of the genus Cyrtophora Simon, 1864 are commonly called tropical tent‒web spiders due to the unique shape of their webs. Forty three Cyrtophora species are known throughout the world and five of them have been recorded from Africa, but none formally from South Africa (SA). The only species of Cyrtophora so far suspected to occur in SA is the cosmopolitan species C. citricola (Forsskål, 1775). The South African Cyrtophora species show extensive morphologic variation, especially in colouration and abdominal characteristics. In SA they frequently make their webs in aloes and cycads and live solitary or in small to large aggregations. This social behaviour offers many advantages but also subjects the community to threats such as birds. A behavioural trait that is fairly uncommon in spiders, but is exhibited by Cyrtophora, is that the webs are only repaired when small holes, due to prey capture, are made; new webs are only built above the old webs in cases where extensive damage occurs. Morphologically, sexual dimorphism is prevalent, and juveniles vary greatly from adults. This causes several problems for traditional taxonomy. Both males and females have the ability to alter the degree of colour in the abdomen in response to the environment. This is usually a defence mechanism and is used for camouflage. DNA barcoding of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) gene was done on fresh and museum specimens sampled from 2006‒2011. Barcoding of the nuclear histone H3 gene was done on some of the male and female specimens for use as a comparison. Analysis was done using the SPIDER programme. Morphological analysis of the genitalia was used to compare the species determined by the genetic results. Abdomen traits were observed to determine morphologic variation between and within species. General behaviour was recorded through observation of a study site and photographs previously taken around SA, noting specifically reproduction, prey capture, colour change and other general behavioural characteristics. Ecological patterns such as seasonality (phenology) and distribution patterns were recorded using collection data from museum and freshly collected specimens. Genetic results of the H3 gene indicate three species whereas the CO1 gene indicates 10 species. Both genes were concordant regarding two species, one of which was a specimen from Madagascar (and as this is a study on South African species was therefore not included in morphological analysis). A combined analysis of both gene datasets indicated three species. However, the CO1 gene had strong support but the H3 gene had poor resolution. For this reason the H3 gene was not recommended for analysis of Cyrtophora. Morphologically, the specimens showed diverse abdominal variation but genitalia assessment determined the presence of only two species. The two species indicated by genetics and morphology combined were C. citricola and an unidentified species from Malelane, Mpumalanga. In conclusion, it is evident that C. citricola is not the only species under this genus in SA. Even though morphology indicates only two species, the CO1 gene indicates a minimum of eight species, possibly 10. Comprehensive morphological and ecological study could show characteristics that correspond with the genetic results. This information will help to aid future biodiversity assessments and conservation programmes. The behavioural information obtained may also help initiatives such as the South African National Survey of Arachnida (SANSA) and red list authorities. The effectiveness of the CO1 gene for identification of this species will also help initiatives

L’exploration archéologique des sites des villes ensevelies le 24 Août 79 sous les cendres et lapilli émanés du Vésuve en éruption a révélé la présence de colonnades dans les étages de quelques-unes (31) des maisons ainsi mises au jour, colonnades au travers desquelles certaines pièces de ces étages communiquaient avec l’extérieur, atrium, péristyle, jardin ou rue. Ces colonnades sont constituées en général de quatre colonnettes d’une hauteur moyenne de 2,10 m, distantes d’environ 160 cm l’une de l’autre (distance inter axiale), comprises entre deux antae latérales, le tout formant une baie d’environ 8m de large sur 2 mètres de hauteur. Deux groupes de maisons dotées de telles colonnades d’étage peuvent être distingués. Le groupe le plus homogène et le plus consistant (11 maisons), qui correspond aussi aux maisons les plus anciennes est constitué par les maisons avec « cenaculum à colonnade ». dans lesquelles la colonnade d’étage et la salle située en arrière d’elle sont situées le plus souvent au dessus du tablinum. Le second groupe de maisons présentant une colonnade d’étage correspond à des habitations plus vastes, plus récentes, possédant un péristyle, et dans lesquelles la colonnade d’étage s’ouvre sur ce péristyle (9 maisons). L’étude des origines de ces colonnades d’étage montre que ces deux types de colonnades d’étage pompéiennes correspondent à deux types d’apport hellénistique : - le premier type, originel, du cenaculum à colonnade, placé au-dessus du tablinum, aurait puisé son inspiration dans les traditions étrusques, au travers de l’émergence de la Domus italico-romaine ; - le second type, plus tardif, du portique sur péristyle, évoluant vers le portique superposé au portique du péristyle, aurait quant à lui puisé son inspiration dans les stoai hellénistiques avec portiques superposés, et dans les portiques superposés des « basileia » macédonienne et de Pergame. / The archaeological exploration of the sites of the cities buried on August 24th, 79 under the ashes and lapilli from erupting Vesuvius revealed the presence of colonnades in the upper floors of some (31) of the houses so brought to light, colonnades through which certain rooms of these upper floors communicated with the outside, the atrium, the peristyle, the garden or the street. These colonnades are generally constituted by four small columns of an average height of 2,10 m, distant about 160 cms one of the other one (inter axial distance), comprised between two antae, the whole realizing a window about 8m wide and 2 meters high. Two groups of houses endowed with such upper floor colonnades can be distinguished. The most homogeneous and the most substantial group ( 11 houses), which also corresponds to the oldest houses is constituted by houses with " cenaculum with colonnade ". In which the upper floor colonnade and the room situated at the back of it are situated mostly above the tablinum. The second group of houses presenting an upper floor colonnade corresponds to larger, more recent houses, with a peristyle, in which the upper floor colonnade opens on the peristyle (9 houses). The study of the origins of these upper floor colonnades shows that these two types of upper floor Pompeian colonnades correspond to two types of Hellenistic contribution: - The first type, original, of the cenaculum with colonnade, placed over the tablinum, would have drawn its inspiration from the Etruscan traditions, through the emergence of the italico-Roman Domus ; - The second type, later, of the colonnaded opening on the peristyle, evolving towards a portico built over the portico of the peristyle, would have drawn its inspiration from the Hellenistic stoai with superimposed porticoes, and from the superimposed porticoes of the Macedonian and Pergamon "basileia".