This paper examines a series of emerging utopian discourses that call for the creation of autonomous libertarian enclaves on land ceded by or claimed against existing states. These discourses have emerged in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis and can be seen as a response to the crisis on the part of freemarket advocates who critique previous waves of neoliberal reform for failing to radically transform the existing structures of the state. Enclave libertarianism seeks to overcome neoliberal capitalism's contradictory relationship to the liberal democratic state by rethinking the state as a "private government service provider" and rethinking citizens as mobile consumers of government services. Citizens are thus called to "vote with their feet" by opting-in to the jurisdiction that best fits their needs and beliefs. The paper argues that these utopian imaginaries are key to understanding specific new manifestations of post-crisis neoliberalism, and calls for more research into the diversity of discourses and imaginaries that circulate through networks of neoliberal actors beyond specific policy initiatives.

Archaeocyatha from the Lower Cambrian of Wolf Lake and Quiet Lake areas in the Yukon Territory are described and illustrated. The fossils occur in carbonate rocks and are well preserved. Much of the necessary structural detail of the fossils is clearly observed in thin-sections and on polished surfaces of the specimens. The collection contains twenty-three species, twelve of which are new species. The new species described are: Ajacicyathus yukonensis, Coscinocyathus multiporus. Coseinocyathus cassiariensis, Coscinocyathus inequivallug, Coscinocyathus serratus, Coscinocyathus veronicus, Coscinocyathus tubicornus, Carinacyathus perforatus, Pyenoidocyathus solidus, Loculicyathus elliptieus, Metacoscinus poolensis, and Claruscyathus ketzaensis. The genera Carinacyathus and Loculicyathus are reported for the first time in North America. The Yukon fauna is dominated by Coscinocyathidae and Pycnoidocyathidae, showing close relationship to faunae in the Cordilleran region of British Columbia. It also shows relationship to Siberian and Australian faunae. This fauna is very different from the archaeocyathid assemblages in Nevada and California, where the dominant forms are Ethmophyllidae and Ajacicyathiclae. Arehaeocyatha have been instrumental in determining the age of rocks underlying a large area of the Yukon Territory. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

This project examines arsenic in plants growing near closed or reclaimed gold mines located in the traditional territories of two Yukon First Nations. A total of 238 soil and plant samples (comprising 9 different species) were collected from Mt. Nansen, Arctic Gold and Silver, and Venus Mine tailing properties. At each property, samples were collected near the suspected point source of contamination, approximately 1 -3 km away, and from background sites. Species were chosen for their ethnobotanical significance to the Little Salmon/Carmacks and the Carcross/Tagish First Nations, based on interviews with Elders and other knowledgeable people. Total and inorganic arsenic concentrations were determined using ICP-MS and AAS instrumentation, and organic arsenic concentrations were calculated from the difference. Uptake of arsenic by plants was low compared to soil arsenic concentrations. In both plants and soil, the arsenic form was predominantly inorganic. Concentrations in berries at all three sites were low or undetectable, and are therefore considered safe to eat under Health Canada tolerable daily intake guidelines for inorganic arsenic. At Mt. Nansen, the lichen "caribou moss" (Cetraria/Cladina spp.), Bolete mushrooms (Leccinum spp.), and the medicinal shrubs willow (Salix spp.) and Labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum/L. decumbens spp.) had high mean arsenic concentrations around point sources or at sites up to 1.5 km away. These localized high concentrations will not likely affect foraging animals, given their constant movement. However, Carmacks residents could avoid gathering all species with elevated arsenic around the Mt. Nansen mining property until reclamation is complete. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

The importance of integrating technology across the curriculum has been prominent in educational literature for the past decade. Numerous obstacles have been identified and documented surrounding the successful integration of technology in public schools. Access to hardware, appropriate software, professional training for educators, technical and financial support to sustain meaningful uses of technology in schools are the primary areas to be addressed when designing a comprehensive information technology implementation strategy for educational environments. The obstacles are clear, but many educational leaders have failed to develop a model which successfully addresses the challenge of integrating the use of technology as a tool for teaching and learning and as a means of constructing new knowledge for and by students. This paper will explore how technology facilitates learning through inquiry and how inquiry supports a constructivist/constructionist approach to teaching and learning for students and professional staff. This will lead to an examination of how inquiry and constructivism advance the integration of technology in education and how it provides a venue for developing communities of inquiry in schools. A framework for two initiatives developed for Yukon schools will be presented which address many of the challenges common to the successful integration of technology in public schools today. Both initiatives, the Computer Resource Teacher Model (CRTM) and Technology Learning Communities (TLC), promote integrative and constructive uses of technology through an inquiry-based approach to teaching and learning with computers. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

Em 2014, foi inserido no Plano Diretor Estratégico - PDE da cidade de São Paulo, um instrumento potencialmente inovador na forma de gestão urbana, o TICP Território de Interesse da Cultura e da Paisagem. Esse instrumento considera aspectos de memória, afetivos, culturais e de paisagem na gestão da cidade. O PDE estabeleceu dois TICPs, porém deixa claro que outros, podem ser criados e delimitados. Com base nessa possibilidade de criação de novos TICPs, este trabalho visa verificar os potenciais para criação de um TICP na zona leste de São Paulo, especificamente na região próxima a avenida Jacú-Pêssego. Para isso buscou-se entender como foi a criação desse instrumento, e fez-se uma imersão na região da Jacú-Pêssego com participação em oficinas, eventos, visitas, entrevistas entre outros, além de levantamentos documentais e bibliográficos. A região estudada apresentou grande complexidade, devido a diversidade cultural e natural presente nos distritos. Com isto verificou-se que um TICP que abrangesse toda a região não seria adequado, mas sim a criação de mais de um TICP de dimensões menores. Toda essa construção foi realizada de forma coletiva, pois essa também é uma das bases do TICP. / In 2014, a potentially innovative instrument in the form of urban management, TICP - Territory of Culture and Landscape Interest, was inserted in the Strategic Master Plan PDE of the city of São Paulo. This instrument considers aspects of memory, affective, cultural and landscape in the management of the city. The EDP has established two TICPs, but makes clear that others can be created and delimited. Based on this possibility of creating new TICPs, this work aims to verify the potential for the creation of a TICP in the eastern zone of São Paulo, specifically in the region near Jacú-Pêssego avenue. For this, he sought to understand how the instrument was created and immersed in the Jacú-Pêssego region with participation in workshops, events, visits, interviews among others, as well as documentary and bibliographical surveys. The studied region presented a very great complexity, due to the cultural and natural diversity present in the districts. With this it was verified that a TICP covering the whole region would not be adequate, but rather the creation of more than one TICP minor. All this construction was carried out collectively, as this is also one of the bases of TICP.

This dissertation reassesses the impact of U.S. annexation of Arizona and New Mexico in 1848 by recovering the imposition of and resistance to the new national border and identities among Spanish-Mexican, mestiza, and Euro-American women from 1846 to 1941. I analyze the impact of U.S. annexation of Arizona and New Mexico on gender roles, ethnic identity, and cultural practices by focusing on the roles of the domestic space, food culture, and material culture in dividing and bringing together women across these ethnocultural groups. By exploring the political intent and consequences of quotidian choices, this dissertation demonstrates the centrality of women in the daily and domestic negotiations over national and cultural borders during the territorial period (1850-1912) and the era of early statehood (1912-1941). Using English and Spanish-language sources, this dissertation argues that Euro-American and Spanish-Mexican women continuously used their homes, housekeeping, cultural customs, and foodways to define their new statuses in the region and negotiate the new cultural, physical, and national boundaries. Euro-Americans used their own and others’ cultural practices to maintain their whiteness and to construct Mexicans, Mexican-Americans, and American Indians as non-white and to define gender and class in the region. Simultaneously, Spanish-Mexican women negotiated the new physical, social, and cultural boundaries by asserting their cultural citizenship even though they were denied full citizenship. In the first three chapters, I study the U.S.-Mexico War and the territorial period (1846-1912) by analyzing the roles of material and food culture and the homespace in shaping each group’s constructions of whiteness, nationalism, and ethnic identity and in shaping the processes of cultural assimilation and resistance. I highlight how Euro-Americans used the newly established U.S.-Mexico border to “other” the people and practices they associated with Mexico or “savagery.” Additionally, I argue that Spanish-Mexican and Mexican American worked around gender and legal borders by engaging in trade, traveling across the international border, and inserting themselves in the political and legal activities of Euro-Americans to maintain their homespaces. In Chapters 4 and 5, I address how women across ethnocultural groups used cookbooks and historical memory to create their place in community, state, and national identities after Arizona and New Mexico were incorporated in 1912. Using literary and cultural studies approaches, I address the narrative spaces, such as cookbooks and pioneer histories, in which women across ethnocultural groups claimed a stake in the public memory and community identities. I argue that Euro-American women appropriated some Spanish cultural practices and celebrated the pioneer past while denying full citizenship to people of color. Simultaneously, I argue, Spanish-Mexican and American Indian women used cookbooks and/or oral histories to challenge narratives of their inferiority and to claim their cultural citizenship. This dissertation brings light to the persistent and continuous roles of women, the body, and the home in shaping daily politics in the region. By pushing at the edges of U.S.-Mexico borderlands history methodology to include gender studies methodology, this dissertation introduces the homespace and motherhood as gendered and raced contact zones that were sometimes used to enforce and at other times challenge U.S. territoriality. I argue that the domestic activities of women offer significant, new insight to the political narratives of settler-colonialism, gender roles, nationality, and race in the U.S.-Mexico borderlands. This dissertation moves away from overtly political acts to the seemingly “mundane” activities of cooking, dressing, and housekeeping to broaden our understanding of the connections between political behavior and cultural practices. These gendered negotiations provide a critical history of the intimate ways U.S. colonial efforts in the American Southwest played out and shaped the current dynamics of borderlands communities.

Durant les dernières années, le Maroc a accordé une attention particulière au développement de ses territoires marginaux via la mise en œuvre d’un ensemble de programmes nationaux et internationaux. Cette dynamique a conduit à une mobilisation de différents acteurs et de différentes ressources autour de projets visant le développement de ces territoires difficiles. Dans ces programmes qui mettent en avant les principes d’équité et de solidarité, une grande attention est accordée à l’amélioration de la condition socio-économique de la femme rurale.Les projets qui mettent en œuvre cette approche genre le font par le biais de l’assistanat à travers de nouvelles organisations sociales : les associations et les coopératives féminines.En effet, les organismes de développement publics ou privés indiquent « aider », parfois « secourir » les femmes rurales en définissant pour elles des modalités de développement personnel à travers les activités génératrices de revenu (AGR) , visant le développement des territoires difficiles via le développement de « Produits de Terroir ».Ces politiques nous ont conduit à interroger les capacités réelles de ces projets à la promotion et à l'égalité en faveur des femmes, en nous appuyant sur la notion de capabilité telle que définie par Amartya Sen en 1985. Notre étude examine pour cela les attentes des adhérentes des coopératives, puis le dépassement de l'assistanat au travers de l’entrepreneuriat féminin. L’enquête porte sur les coopératives féminines exploitant les ressources naturelles telles que l'argan dans plusieurs terroirs marginaux au Sud du Maroc. / In recent years, Morocco has paid particular attention to the development of its marginal territories through the implementation of a set of national and international programs. This has resulted in the mobilization of multiple different actors and resources around projects centered in some of Morocco’s most difficult regions. Many of the projects embody the principles of equality and solidarity, and have thus approached the problem by aiming to improve the socio-economic status of Morocco’s rural women. A large number of the projects that implement this approach do so by providing ‘assisted-aid’ to newly-developed social organisations, such as women’s associations and cooperatives. The policies of these public and private development bodies is to ‘help’, or even ‘rescue’ the rural women, by defining for them a course of personal development through income-generating activities (IGAs). This strategy aims to develop these difficult regions in concert with the development of ‘local products’. These policies lead us to question the real capacities of these programs to promote equality for women. Our approach is based on the concept of ‘capability’, as defined by Amartya Sen in 1985.Our study argues that bettering assisted-aid, is a policy that promotes female entrepreneurship. We have concluded this through investigating how female cooperatives have been able to exploit natural resources, such as argan nuts, in several marginal regions in southern Morocco.

ABSTRACT Urban Consulate is an exploration of urban exchange and growth within the 21st century paradigm. This dissertation investigates the potential of reclaimed civic space within the city as urban catalyst for participation and growth – a platform with which to regenerate meaningful participation within the urban environments and ensure densification without negation and destruction. The suburb of Brixton is one of the oldest suburbs in Johannesburg. Located to the west of Braamfontein and viewed as a compartmentalized fragment within the city of Johannesburg, this urban suburb forms the laboratory of investigation for the dissertation. Currently in flux, the area is rezoned for urbanisation and densification within the Johannesburg City plan. There are various proposals to relink the suburb back to the city. The chosen site of investigation is concerned with harnessing both the local condition and its potential to connect to the city of Johannesburg. In an attempt to redefine concepts of territory and boundary in civic architecture, the investigation is contextually located between urban fragments of suburbia, urban conditions and veld (natural environment). The site is a lost urban asset on the edge of Brixton next to the Sentech Tower. The urban intention is to reprogram the site as part of a productive public landscape, while the programmatic intentions are to enable the urban condition of city growth through facilitating local needs and desire lines. The dissertation therefore blurs the present day distinctions of ‘public’, ‘social’, ‘productive’, and ‘natural’ space while at the same time placing focus on local and socio-economic conditions. It investigates how the support of community and local conditions enables the urban. The architectural intentions are to “blur” the physical and perceived boundaries between the dweller and the city, the suburban and the urban. The scheme seeks to find how architecture as an enabler of “structures of enchantment” – the ordinary and extraordinary that make up a city – can facilitate individual and collective memory and couple the idea of city and the fantastical with that of home-finding and the everyday. In short, the 21st century approach to design and city-making must shift towards a participative approach in terms of urban exchange and place-making. / Mini Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

The conflict between ethnic minorities and nation-states has been subject to one of the most searching debates in the study of ethno-nationalism. The dominant approach among scholars is that ethnic conflicts stem from states' failure to recognize minority rights. Within the framework of this approach, it is assumed that ethnic conflicts occur due to the discriminatory policies on the part of the state. As a reaction to those policies, ethnic groups resist with rebellious elements. However this assimilation-resistance paradigm only considers the civic integration efforts of the state and fails to acknowledge the role of state's territorial integrity efforts and ethnic groups' demands to self-government in generating the conflict. Anchored in an ethno-symbolist framework, the purpose of this thesis is to explore the historical interpretational obstacles over the ownership of homeland between the states and ethnic groups when working towards a conflict resolution. Through a case study of Kurdish-Turkish conflict, this thesis addresses the different meanings of territory held by the state and the ethnic groups as one of the major causes of ethnic conflicts. / Master of Arts

No description available.