Researchers tend to use their own or favourite gene names in scientific literature, even though there are official names. Some names may even be used for more than one gene. This leads to problems with ambiguity when automatically mining biological literature. To disambiguate the gene names, gene normalization is used. In this thesis, we look into an existing gene normalization system, and develop a new method to find gene candidates for the ambiguous genes. For the new method a lexicon is created, using information about the gene names, symbols and synonyms from three different databases. The gene mention found in the scientific literature is used as input for a search in this lexicon, and all genes in the lexicon that match the mention are returned as gene candidates for that mention. These candidates are then used in the system's disambiguation step. Results show that the new method gives a better over all result from the system, with an increase in precision and a small decrease in recall.

The purpose of this work was to determine how important a word’s setting was for the readability of typography in motion. Facts regarding how reading works and the importance of the words formation for the readability were used to form a computer test. This test was performed by 15 test persons and the results were analyzed. The results show that the serif was easier to read than the sanserif. The words of the serif which were easiest to read were the words with positive tracking and the words with capital letters. Also for the sanserif, these words were the easiest to read.

Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med en klasslärare, en speciallärare samt fyra elever har syftet med denna studie varit att undersöka på vilket sätt skapande i bild och illustration till text kan verka som stöd och motivation i språkliga lärprocesser samt om elevernas uppfattningar skiljer sig åt på grund av deras olika språkförmågor. Ambitionen har också varit att synliggöra goda inlärningsstrategier med skapande i bild och illustration som verktyg samt på vilket sätt dessa strategier kan utveckla den språkliga förmågan hos eleven med dyslexi. Elever med dyslexi är i behov av multisensoriska lärprocesser för gynnsam språkutveckling. Det framkommer i studien att pedagogerna tycker det är betydelsefullt att eleverna använder sig av skapande i bild och illustration för att komma åt sin metakognition. Även eleverna upplever detta viktigt, särskilt eleven med dyslexi. Resultatet visar att skapande i bild och illustrationen till text kan verka som språkutvecklande verktyg i en multisensorisk undervisning.

A <i>web crawler</i> is a program that "walks" the Web to gather web resources. In order to scale to the ever-increasing Web, multiple crawling agents may be deployed in a distributed fashion to retrieve web data co-operatively. A common approach is to divide the Web into many partitions with an agent assigned to crawl within each one. If an agent obtains a web resource that is not from its partition, the resource will be transferred to the rightful owner. This thesis proposes a novel approach to distributed web data gathering by partitioning the Web into topics. The proposed approach employs multiple focused crawlers to retrieve pages from various topics. When a crawler retrieves a page of another topic, it transfers the page to the appropriate crawler. This approach is known as <i>topic-oriented collaborative web crawling</i>. An implementation of the system was built and experimentally evaluated. In order to identify the topic of a web page, a topic classifier was incorporated into the crawling system. As the classifier categorizes only English pages, a language identifier was also introduced to distinguish English pages from non-English ones. From the experimental results, we found that redundance retrieval was low and that a resource, retrieved by an agent, is six times more likely to be retained than a system that uses conventional hashing approach. These numbers were viewed as strong indications that <i>topic-oriented collaborative web crawling system</i> is a viable approach to web data gathering.

Denna undersökning handlar om elevers val av strategier när de löser matematiska textuppgifter i årskurs tre. I undersökningen har sammanlagt tolv elever medverkat från två landsbygdsskolor i Kalmar län. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av enkäter, intervjuer samt observationer. Enkätsvaren, intervjuerna samt observations-anteckningarna har analyserats för att finna de olika strategier som används av eleverna i årskurs tre. Bilder och huvudräkning var de två strategier som förekom i högre grad. Eleverna använde sig även av uppställningar. Det har även visat sig att elevernas erfarenheter av textuppgifter har varit begränsade. / This study is about pupils’ choice of strategies when they solve text tasks in mathematics in the third grade. In the study two classes participated with the total of twelve students from two rural schools in Kalmar County. The study was conducted using questionnaires, interviews and observations, which have been analyzed to identify the different strategies used by the students. It turned out that two strategies were more used than others, these were pictures and mental arithmetic, but used less of calculation. It has also shown that pupils’ experiences of text tasks have been limited.

‘Taarab’ is a popular music entertainment in East Africa whose origin is ‘contentiously’ given as Middle East. It is an art form imported to East Africa perhaps in the early years of the 1900s. Taraab has been ariedly looked at, but has generally been seen as a uniform body. This essay sets out to show that from its inception in East Africa, taarab has never been uniform as it started to develop its own characteristics and peculiarities as a performing art. It has been undergoing a number of changes in its musical and lyrical structures. It moved outward to become a popular music instead of being court music, and from being coastal music to being a music that has spread out to inland Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and Burundi, thus approximating musical structures of these regions as it is assuming new roles and functions. Although in our description we do in passing refer to the whole body of the art complex ‘taarab’, it is on the lyric that we focus on. This article is written on the basis of findings from field work and library research that have been conducted from 2000 to date in a project entitled Local and Global Aspects of Taarab: A Popular Music Entertainment in East Africa, under the umbrella topic “Lokales Handeln in Afrika im Kontext globaler Einflüsse”, funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).

<p><italic>Tentative Embrace</italic> is a composition in five movements for flute, clarinet, saxophone quartet, vibraphone, piano, string quartet and tape track. The tape track features spoken text and soundscape recordings gathered in and around the Sonoran desert of the Southwestern United States. The text and the soundscape recordings, along with the composed music, are all my own work. </p> <p>This piece embodies my efforts to interpret and translate the complicated sensation of being a human alone in nature - of wanting to belong, realizing I do belong, but also not quite belonging. The Sonoran desert, the site of inspiration for this work, is an especially revelatory space that heightens these simultaneous sensations of connection and disconnection; it draws attention to the biological points of contact between human beings and their natural surroundings, but it also emphasizes those cultural and material differences that we carry with us into such a space. Through the combination of the music, the text and the soundscapes, I work to convey the ever-shifting boundaries between the self and everything else. </p> <p>For the music, I find formal inspiration in the slow and cyclical pace of the desert itself; musical ideas unfold gradually through ever-varying repetitions. Each movement is devoted to a particular phenomenon experienced in the desert, and while the text and the soundscapes work to articulate the specifics of these phenomena, the music gives form to their structural and sensual suggestion. I move back and forth between specifics and abstractions; as such, some of my translations of this space will be more audible than others, but each of them demonstrate this attempt at forging an artistic point of connection with this environment.</p> / Dissertation

This research developed a comprehensive methodology to quickly monitor key technical intelligence areas, provided a method that cleanses and consolidates information into an understandable, concise picture of topics of interest, thus bridging issues of managing technology and text mining. This research evaluated and altered some existing analysis methods, and developed an overall framework for answering technical intelligence questions. A six-step approach worked through the various stages of the Intelligence and Text Data Mining Processes to address issues that hindered the use of Text Data Mining in the Intelligence Cycle and the actual use of that intelligence in making technology decisions. A questionnaire given to 34 respondents from four different industries identified the information most important to decision-makers as well as clusters of common interests. A bibliometric/text mining tool applied to journal publication databases, profiled technology trends and presented that information in the context of the stated needs from the questionnaire. In addition to identifying the information that is important to decision-makers, this research improved the methods for analyzing information. An algorithm was developed that removed common non-technical terms and delivered at least an 89% precision rate in identifying synonymous terms. Such identifications are important to improving accuracy when mining free text, thus enabling the provision of the more specific information desired by the decision-makers. This level of precision was consistent across five different technology areas and three different databases. The result is the ability to use abstract phrases in analysis, which allows the more detailed nature of abstracts to be captured in clustering, while portraying the broad relationships as well.

From a social constructionist understanding of social reality, this research explores how the female entrepreneurs and female entrepreneurship are represented in official discourses. From the view point of post-structuralist feminism, this research takes the position that discourses are linguistic practices that create truth effects. It finds that the texts on the official website, including the policies and the female entrepreneurs¡¦ stories, have the potential to reproduce the stereotype of gender.

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