O presente estudo tem por objetivo fornecer uma maior compreensão acerca do que motiva o comportamento de compra de coleção, utilizando como objeto de estudo, os colecionadores de discos de vinil da cidade de Porto Alegre. A questão central de pesquisa pode ser definida como: quais as causas motivadoras do consumo de discos vinil? A importância do estudo se justifica devido ao fato da existência de lacunas nos estudos sobre comportamento de consumo de coleção e sobre a tendência nostálgica influenciando o consumo. Acima de tudo, um colecionador é um consumidor, é baseado nessa premissa que se desenvolve este estudo. Tal escolha se deve ao fato de que esse tipo de produto é um produto de especialidade, que se difere de um produto comum por uma série de características (HOYER E MACINNIS, 1997) e também ao “significado pessoal” (SCHIFFMAN E KANUK, 2000) que o consumidor muitas vezes atribui a esse tipo de produto, tornando-o um objeto de estudo mais pertinente e rico em informações. O tipo de coleção escolhida permite que também se aborde o tema do comportamento de compra com tendência nostálgica. Acredita-se que o resultado alcançado com esta pesquisa seja pertinente por ter utilizado ao longo de seu desenvolvimento heavy-users e comerciantes peritos de um bem de especialidade como objetos de estudos, além de ter utilizado uma pesquisa multimetodológica, que permite que o conjunto de resultados alcançados seja mais compreensivo (ELALI, 1997). As diferentes etapas realizadas: observação simples, realização de entrevistas em profundidade filmadas, incluindo a utilização da técnica do incidente crítico e por fim, análise dos resultados, montagem e finalização da vídeo-etnografia permitem que se façam inferências sobre a amostra estudada. Os resultados alcançados indicam que alguns dos colecionadores parecem verdadeiramente estar deslocados no tempo e fora da realidade em que estão inseridos. Não vivem a correria do mundo moderno, mas sim aproveitam para se dedicar aos seus discos favoritos. A maioria dos colecionadores analisados possui um sentimento de nostalgia para com seus discos, mas, acima de tudo, o sentimento de envolvimento que se cria ao longo dos anos entre o colecionador e a coleção é algo indissolúvel. Em qualquer momento da vida, a coleção funciona como um porto-seguro para o colecionador, que talvez não possa ser representado por nenhum outro objeto ou até mesmo pessoa. Enfim, são pessoas que amam seus objetos demasiadamente, e tendo-os como uma extensão de sua personalidade. / The present study aims at gathering a higher comprehension about the motivation of collector behavior, using as study subjects the vinyl record collectors of Porto Alegre. The central question of this research can be defined as: What are the causes that motivate vinyl record consumption? The study importance is justified due to the fact that there are gaps to be filled in the studies of collector behavior as well as in nostalgic tendencies influencing consumption. Above all, a collector is a consumer, is based on this premise this study was developed. Such choice is due to the fact that this product is a specialty product, which differs itself from a common product by a series of characteristics (HOYER E MACINNIS, 1997) and also due to the “personal meaning” (SCHIFFMAN E KANUK, 2000) that the consumer attributes to this kind of product, creating an object of study more pertinent and richer in information. The kind of collection chosen allows also the approach of studies on nostalgic consumer behavior. It is believed that the results of this research are pertinent due to the subjects interviewed: heavy-users and expert dealers, besides the use of a multimethodological approach, which allows that the joint results gathered to be more comprehensive (ELALI, 1997). The different stages accomplished: simple observation, recorded in-depth interviews, including the usage of critical incident technique, editing and finishing of the videography allows to develop inferences on the sample analyzed. The results indicate that some collectors really seem to be out of the time and the reality which surrounds them. They do not live the daily rush of the modern world, instead, they enjoy their spare time to dedicate to their favorite records. Most collectors posses a nostalgic feeling to their records, but, above all, the felling of involvement created with the passage of the years between the collectors and the collection is something unsolvable. In any moment of their lives the collection can be seen as a safe harbor, which perhaps cannot be found in any other object or even in a person. Moreover, they are persons whom love this objects with fervor and that found in them an extension of their personality.

Darbo tikslas: Parengti lauko baseino vandens šildymo sistemą naudojant saulės kolektorius, siekiant prailginti jo naudojimo laiką. Nagrinėjama tema yra aktuali, kadangi bet koks saulės energijos panaudojimas žmonių tikslams energiją paverčiant šiluma yra aktyviai skatinamas, nes ši energija yra atsinaujinanti, nieko nekainuoja ir neteršia aplinkos, o panaudojimo galimybės - didelės. Atlikti įvairūs tyrimai ir skaičiavimai leidžia teigti, jog baseino panaudojimo negalima prailginti naudojant savos gamybos saulės kolektorių. Vandens temperatūrų pokyčiai esant skirtingiems gyliams yra nežymūs, kai apšvieta yra pakankama veikti saulės kolektoriui, o apšvietai esant mažai, skirtumai tarp skirtingų sluoksnių siekia net 3,7 oC, o tai yra pakankamai daug, kai baseino gylis yra 60 cm. Atlikus temperatūrų ir apšvietos tyrimus ir išanalizavus rezultatus matyti, jog daugeliu atvejų vandens temperaūros pokyčiai maketiniame baseine atitinka dienos apšvietos pokyčius. Šių tyrimų rezultatus galima pritaikyti, siekiant apskaičiuoti, kokių išmatavimų savadarbio kolektoriaus reikės, norint pašildyti pasirinktą lauko baseino vandenį. / Work purpuose: to prepare the open air swimming pool heating system by using sun collectors, to extend it’s working period. The relevance of investigating theme is really big, because of any sun energy using for people purpouse transferring sun energy into heat is active promoting, because this energy is renewable, costs nothing and it’s better for the environment and the usabilitys are big. Studies let’s state, that we can’t extend the use of open air swimming pool by using home made sun collector. The changes of water temperature, when the depth is different are not big when the lighting is enough to work sun collector, and when the lighting is small, the differences between water depth reaches even 3,7oC and it’s really big, when the depth of swimming pool is just 60 cm. When all the researches are done and results are analyzed, we see, that in many cases the temperature changes of pool water corresponds lighting changes. These research results may be adapted by calculating parameters of collector, by which we want to heat the open air swimming pool.

In a northern European climate a typical solar combisystem for a single family house normally saves between 10 and 30 % of the auxiliary energy needed for space heating and domestic water heating. It is considered uneconomical to dimension systems for higher energy savings. Overheating problems may also occur. One way of avoiding these problems is to use a collector that is designed so that it has a low optical efficiency in summer, when the solar elevation is high and the load is small, and a high optical efficiency in early spring and late fall when the solar elevation is low and the load is large.The study investigates the possibilities to design the system and, in particular, the collector optics, in order to match the system performance with the yearly variations of the heating load and the solar irradiation. It seems possible to design practically viable load adapted collectors, and to use them for whole roofs ( 40 m2) without causing more overheating stress on the system than with a standard 10 m2 system. The load adapted collectors collect roughly as much energy per unit area as flat plate collectors, but they may be produced at a lower cost due to lower material costs. There is an additional potential for a cost reduction since it is possible to design the load adapted collector for low stagnation temperatures making it possible to use less expensive materials. One and the same collector design is suitable for a wide range of system sizes and roof inclinations. The report contains descriptions of optimized collector designs, properties of realistic collectors, and results of calculations of system output, stagnation performance and cost performance. Appropriate computer tools for optical analysis, optimization of collectors in systems and a very fast simulation model have been developed.

The history of the art museum's growth in America is presented in this thesis to place the development of the public art museum in the proper context. The museum has absorbed its sense of worth and power from the people who shaped its policy and believed in its ability to accomplish positive feats. Its growth as a force in the art world was subtle and studied, but amazingly complete. The museum which doubts its ability to persuade, convince, educate and entertain does not long survive. Examining the people and their attitudes with whom the museums had the most contact and noting its response to the world in which it has operated, the parallels are strikingly similar. The museum is strong because groups contributed to its growth and maturity; its weaknesses are those in which the three factions were also less effective. There are no hard and fast truths to prove this theory -- but examination of its plausability is a valuable tool for understanding how the museum became such an important institution of our time.

The aim of this master thesis was to establish if sodium is trapped in aluminium current collectors, which in turn could affect the capacity fade in sodium-ion battery systems. In the case of lithium-ion batteries, previous studies have shown that a trapping mechanism, where lithium diffuses through the active material and current collectors, can explain the capacity fade observed for several systems. However, no such reports have been published in the sodium case, motivating this pioneering investigation. Contact samples of sodium and aluminium current collector material confirmed the uptake of sodium as shown by ICP-AES analyses. The uptake of sodium in the aluminium was equivalent to a charge of 0.4 µAh after 70 days of contact at 55°C. The main characterisation method was galvanostatic plating and stripping of sodium on aluminium in a pouch-cell configuration. When using a bare aluminium working electrode with a metallic sodium counter electrode in a 1 M NaPF6/diglyme electrolyte, the galvanostatic cycling showed coulombic efficiency instabilities. It was concluded that a more stable, high efficient plating-stripping would be needed to quantify the effects of sodium trapping with the employed electrochemical methods. Coulombic efficiency values that exceeded 100 % were attributed to the oxidation of disconnected (detached) sodium from previous plating cycles. On consecutive cycles some of the disconnected sodium got reconnected, resulting in coulombic efficiency values well over 100 %.

A iluminação dos espaços é observada há milênios, desde a utilização do fogo até as mais novas tecnologias em iluminação. Iluminar ambientes procurando, cada vez mais, a eficiência e a economia de energia vem sendo motivo de investigação constante dos pesquisadores. Atualmente, o grande problema enfrentado pela iluminação artificial é o custo da energia elétrica e por isso vários pesquisadores têm procurado soluções alternativas. O presente trabalho realizou um estudo sobre a viabilidade técnica e o desempenho de um equipamento (patenteado como Girassol®) que emprega a fibra óptica para iluminação natural em ambientes que não recebem luz direta, ainda no formato de um protótipo. O aspecto da sustentabilidade visando a economia de energia através da captação solar e condução da luz através dos cabos de fibra óptica até a célula-teste foi analisado. A questão principal a ser observada foi quão eficiente pode ser o sistema de iluminação com fibra óptica utilizando a captação de luz solar. Para isso foram feitos testes do equipamento em um ambiente previamente construído, denominado célula teste, com área aproximada de 4 m². Foi medida a quantidade de luminância e iluminâncias que chegam ao ambiente da célula-teste. Esta pesquisa visou conhecer a tecnologia atual existente no mercado comercial nacional e internacional e a tecnologia do equipamento desenvolvido no Brasil. A pesquisa considerou como a hipótese de que a correta captação de luz solar aliada à correta condução através dos cabos de fibra óptica, que permite com que a iluminação em ambientes iluminados somente com luz artificial passem a ser iluminados com a luz natural conduzida pelos cabos de fibra óptica, pode colaborar para a qualidade da luz para seus usuários e para a eficiência energética da edificação. A metodologia desenvolvida foi através de medições uma vez por semana, durante um ano, três vezes ao dia (às 9, 12 e 15 horas) comprovando a eficiência do equipamento na diversidade de situações impostas por intempéries. Os resultados obtidos comprovaram a viabilidade técnica e o bom desempenho do equipamento confirmando sua potencialidade de contribuição para a eficiência energética quando implantado. Este estudo contribuiu para a comunidade acadêmica por sua interdisciplinaridade e por apresentar avanço em conhecimentos técnicos e teóricos sobre o melhor aproveitamento da luz natural para obtenção de eficiência energética, tema de grande interesse frente a questões estéticas, ambientais e de saúde.\" / The lighting of spaces has been observed for millennia, since the use of fire up the latest lighting technologies. Lighting environments increasingly looking for efficiency and energy being a reason for constant research of the researchers. Currently, the major problem faced by artificial lighting is the cost of electrical energy and that is why several researchers have sought solutions alternatives. The present work carried out a study on the viability technique and the performance of an equipment (patented as Girassol®) that fiber optics for natural lighting in receive direct light, still in the shape of a prototype. The sustainability to save energy through solar and conduction of light through fiber optic cables to the test cell It was analyzed. The main issue to note was how efficient can be the lighting system with fiber optics using the capture of sunlight. For this, equipment tests were performed in a previously constructed environment, called the test cell, with an approximate area of 4sqm. The amount of luminance and illuminances that reached the environment of the test cell. This research aimed to know the technology existing in the national and international commercial market and the equipment technology developed in Brazil. The research considered as the hypothesis that the correct capture of sunlight allied to the correct through fiber optic cables, which allows illuminated areas with only artificial light be illuminated with natural light led by fiber optic cables, can collaborate on the quality of light for its users and for the energy efficiency of the building. The methodology developed was through measurements once a week, for one year, three times (9 am, 12 pm, and 3 pm), demonstrating the efficiency of the equipment in the diversity of situations imposed by inclement weather. The obtained results proved the technical feasibility and good performance of the equipment confirming its potential contribution to efficiency when implanted. This study contributed to the its interdisciplinarity and to present advances in technicians and theorists about the best use of natural light to obtain energy efficiency, a subject of great interest in aesthetic, environmental and health matters.

This thesis presents an optimisation approach and techno-economic evaluation tool for a system consisting of a transpired solar air collector and air source heat pump in a series arrangement. The thesis also investigates the application of the developed tool for feasibility study of a solar heat pump system for a group of three multi-family houses located in Ludvika, Sweden.   Transpired solar air collector is used in combination with an air source heat pump to meet space heating and hot water demand for the defined location. Moreover, the solar pre-heated fresh air is used as a heat source for the heat pump evaporator to improve its coefficient of performance. Solar heat pump systems are extensively studied by numerous researchers, However the analyses about techno-economic feasibility of air source heat pump with transpired air solar collector are still lacking. Therefore, an optimisation tool is developed based on the non-linear programming for coherent operation strategy and variation in collector flow rate. The effect of optimisation along with the techno-economic feasibility for a demo case residential building in Sweden is then preliminary studied based on the defined boundary conditions.   The analysis is gradually progressed through several phases of thesis starting from system description and followed by tool methodology and case study. A pre-developed dynamic simulation model is used to obtain the space heating and domestic hot water demand of the building. The electricity expenses of the existing system are evaluated and the results are used as a reference to compare the savings resulting from the installation of transpired solar collectors with gross area of 50 m2.   The results are presented as a defined economic indicator such as payback period. The results of the simulation reflect that the installation of 50 m2solar collector area leads to 3 % savings compared to the defined reference case, with a simple payback of 22 years. Moreover, results also indicate that variation of collector flow rate and operation timings are effective strategies to maximise the system savings. The analysis reveals that the optimisation can result in up to 60 % additional savings in comparison to a fixed flow rate case.   The developed tool has a potential use for feasibility check at an earlier stage of the installation project, without the need for extensive system simulations. Moreover, the tool overcomes the shortcoming of various available tools such as RETscreen solar air heating project model, which are not designed to evaluate the performance of solar collectors with heat pump systems.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:53:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EDIVALDA PEREIRA DE ABREU.pdf: 644793 bytes, checksum: 8505c590314f2e44e8ecb823f7a6b8ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-27 / Waste, technically is called solid waste, is the principal cause of environmental impact. It is happen when waste is disposed in messy way. In this context, show the work field and way of survive of the lower classes, that expose them in a social exclusion and compromise their health conditions. The aim of this work is to consider the work conditions, the health habit and the health condition of collectores of solid waste recyclable, resident at Vale do Sol, Aparecida de Goiânia, Goías. This research was done through quantitative, descriptive and exploratory methodology. The participants were collectors of solids wastes recyclables, residents at landfill in Município de Aparecida de Goiânia -Go. The data analysed showed was precarious, informal work relation between collectors and the organizations of recycling, besides they were exposed a condition that offers danger. They are victim of prejudice and they were excluded from some socials environment. Therefore, there is a need to widen the individual protection such as work security and introduce suitable way that is technologically to avoid risk when they do this work. The implantation of waste sorting system, even though in neighborhood, will decrease the work accidents risks, will improve its income and quality of the life of all people who get involved in these processes. / O lixo, nomeado tecnicamente de resíduo sólido, é um dos principais causadores de impacto ambiental quando descartado de forma desordenada. Neste cenário, porém evidencia-se um campo de trabalho e sobrevivência para as camadas mais pobres, ainda que as exponha à exclusão social e comprometa suas condições de saúde. Com o objetivo de avaliar as condições de trabalho, os hábitos de vida e condições de saúde dos catadores de resíduo sólido reciclável, moradores do Vale do Sol, Aparecida de Goiânia, Goiás, esta pesquisa foi realizada, utilizando metodologia quantitativa, descritiva e exploratória. Os sujeitos em estudo foram constituídos de catadores de resíduos sólidos recicláveis, moradores no entorno do aterro sanitário do Município de Aparecida de Goiânia GO. As entrevistas dos 50 catadores de resíduos sólidos, após assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, foram transcritas na íntegra. Nos relatos cedidos pelos sujeitos em estudo encontram-se registradas a caracterização socioeconômica e demográfica, as condições de moradia, trabalho e saúde, além de seus hábitos de vida. Os dados revelaram relações de trabalho precárias e informais entre catadores e organizações de reciclagem. Estes trabalhadores apresentam-se expostos à periculosidade, são vítimas de preconceitos e excluídos de alguns ambientes sociais. Portanto, há necessidade de ampliar-lhes a proteção individual em termos de segurança do trabalho e implantar maneiras tecnologicamente adequadas de evitar os riscos a que eles estão expostos. A implantação de sistemas de coleta seletiva, ainda que por bairros, diminuiria os riscos de acidentes e aperfeiçoaria os resultados alcançados pelas associações de catadores, melhorando a renda e a qualidade de vida de todas estas populações envolvidas neste processo.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:25:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 5 / Nenhuma / A presente pesquisa aborda o estudo audiovisual a partir da noção do colecionador, de Benjamin e os conceitos de duração e memória advindos de Bergson aplicados nas chamadas caixas de coletâneas audiovisuais. Utilizo, aqui, como objeto de análise a caixa lançada pela produtora gaúcha de cinema e televisão Casa de Cinema de Porto Alegre. Para realizar tal estudo, trago à pesquisa, como referencial metodológico, a cartografia, segundo Deleuze e Guattari e o pensamento acerca das molduras, desenvolvido por Kilpp. Dessa forma, busco também aproximar o estudo da caixa da Casa de Cinema do próprio processo de pesquisa. Tais caminhos visam aprofundar o pensamento sobre as audiovisualidades, conforme a linha de pesquisa a qual estou atrelado, bem como, identificar e refletir sobre o tipo de audiovisual praticado pela maior produtora independente de cinema e televisão do sul do Brasil – a Casa de Cinema de Porto Alegre – com contextos extra-caixa, ou seja, as inter-relações possíveis entre as obras contidas nessa caix / The present research approaches the audiovisual study from the point of view of the collector, from Benjamin, and the concepts of duration and memory from Bergson applied to the DVD box set collections launched by Casa de Cinema de Porto Alegre, a production company specialised in cinema and television based in Porto Alegre, which is the object of this analysis. As a method to carry through such study, I use the cartography based on the thoughts of Deleuze and Guattari and the theory of frames from the work of Kilpp. My goal with this work is to make a connection between the DVD box set collections of Casa de Cinema and the process of research with the intention of deepening the thought about audiovisuals, an area of research which I am connected to, as well as to identify and reflect about the kind of audiovisual used by the biggest independent production company of South Brazil, Casa de Cinema de Porto Alegre. All this within the context of possible inter relations between the work contained in this box an

A partir de l'exemple montpelliérain, la présente étude s'intéresse au phénomène culturel ducollectionnisme, en appréhendant de manière conjointe collectionneurs et collections entre leXVIe siècle et le XVIIIe siècle. Considérée comme capitale scientifique durant l'époquemoderne, la ville s'offre comme un exemple privilégié pour aborder une approche croiséeentre histoire de l'art et sociologie de la culture savante.Face à une très grande diversité de sources, ce travail propose d'abord une réflexion sur lesdéfinitions mêmes de collectionneur et de collection, avant d'en présenter une analysetypologique. Le travail s'attache en second lieu à comprendre la dialectique entre lecollectionnisme et la curiosité, entendu comme désir de voir, d'avoir et de savoir. Cettedémarche ambitionne de mettre au jour les différents usages des collections et de leuréconomie, tout en abordant les différentes figures de collectionneurs, entre curieux, amateurs,connaisseurs et savants. Par ailleurs, le travail tente de rendre compte de la manière dont ceshommes, quelle que soit la nature des collections, mettent en oeuvre leur capacité de jugementen privilégiant l'expérience sensible. Lieu voué à la perception, la collection s'offre aussicomme lieu de célébration de la mémoire. Aussi l'étude s'attache-t-elle à comprendrecomment le collectionnisme contribue à la fabrique du regard. / From the city of Montpellier example, the present study focuses on the cultural phenomenonof collectionism, by approaching in a joint process, collectors and collections within theXVIth century and the XVIIIth century span. The city, recognized as a scientific capitalduring the modern period, offers a privileged example to undertake a crossed approachbetween art history and sociology of savant culture.Faced with a huge diversity of sources, the first proposal of this work is a reflexion on thecollector and the collection's very definition before presenting them in a typological analysis.In a second step, this work aims at understanding dialectics between collectionism andcuriosity, understood as desire of seeing, possessing and knowledge.This process aspires tounveil the various uses of collections and their economy, approaching jointly the differentcharacters of collectors, among curieux, amateurs, connoisseurships and savants. Moreover,attention is payed on giving account on the manner these persons, whichever the nature oftheir collection, make use of their judgement capacity while prioritizing sensitive experience.As a place dedicated to perception, the collection also offers itself a place of memorycelebration. Therefore, the study works toward understanding how collectionism contributesto the fabric of vision.