The main objective of this study is to understand and asses flood risk perception among people living in Msimbazi Valley in Das es Salaam, Tanzania. Many of the people I have interviewed are experiencing flooding every year but it is rarely considered disastrous. Looked at individually they may not be disasters but cumulatively they may be. The rapid urbanisation, in this part of the world, forces people to live on hazardous but central land because of the livelihood opportunities available there. The government and the local communities are well aware of the risk of floods in the area and are considered as a serious threat to the families. People are still living in these areas because they find the benefits big enough to make up the risks.

This thesis questions the adequacy of the Department of the Interior's response to the land claims of Metis settlers in Green Lake, Saskatchewan.<p> Metis people originally settled in Green Lake because of the pattern of development of the fur trade. Green Lake was a major nexus on the fur trade transportation system, which encouraged Metis settlement and community development. After Confederation, when the national policy generated regional differentiation through uneven development, Green Lake remained under fur-trade domination.<P> National policy expansion reached Green Lake with surveys in 1909 and 1911, replacing fur-trade property relations with the Dominion Lands Act. The surveys revealed Green Lake as a fur trade settlement with property claims consistent with the fur trade economy. Prior treatment of such claims under national policy regulations promised recognition of Metis claims based on prior settlement.<P> Economic recession and World War I led to the abatement of national policy expansion. As a result, the department postponed action on the Metis claims until renewed interest in national policy settlement. Legislation passed in 1919 provided new direction to departmental consideration of the Green Lake claims. The only remnant of recognition of fur trade settlement was reference to 1908 legislation requiring occupancy at the time of treaty. The department subsequently disposed of Metis claims by offering most claimants only a right to purchase claimed land.<P> Departmental response to Metis claims at Green Lake was inadequate on several grounds. It failed to consider adequately property relations extant from the fur trade economy. It acted without due consideration for established precedents associated with the national policy. It acted ultra vires to carry out and justify a restrictive and mean spirited response to Metis claims. The retroactive nature of 1908 legislation unfairly penalized claimants in the Treaty Six area. The department's limitation of the eligibility of claimants by constrictive criteria was compounded by its failure to examine seriously the evidence of Metis settlement that would have met such criteria.<P> At the time of the 1930 transfer of land administration to the prairie provinces, the land claims of the Metis settlers of Green Lake remained unsatisfied.

This thesis questions the adequacy of the Department of the Interior's response to the land claims of Metis settlers in Green Lake, Saskatchewan.<p> Metis people originally settled in Green Lake because of the pattern of development of the fur trade. Green Lake was a major nexus on the fur trade transportation system, which encouraged Metis settlement and community development. After Confederation, when the national policy generated regional differentiation through uneven development, Green Lake remained under fur-trade domination.<P> National policy expansion reached Green Lake with surveys in 1909 and 1911, replacing fur-trade property relations with the Dominion Lands Act. The surveys revealed Green Lake as a fur trade settlement with property claims consistent with the fur trade economy. Prior treatment of such claims under national policy regulations promised recognition of Metis claims based on prior settlement.<P> Economic recession and World War I led to the abatement of national policy expansion. As a result, the department postponed action on the Metis claims until renewed interest in national policy settlement. Legislation passed in 1919 provided new direction to departmental consideration of the Green Lake claims. The only remnant of recognition of fur trade settlement was reference to 1908 legislation requiring occupancy at the time of treaty. The department subsequently disposed of Metis claims by offering most claimants only a right to purchase claimed land.<P> Departmental response to Metis claims at Green Lake was inadequate on several grounds. It failed to consider adequately property relations extant from the fur trade economy. It acted without due consideration for established precedents associated with the national policy. It acted ultra vires to carry out and justify a restrictive and mean spirited response to Metis claims. The retroactive nature of 1908 legislation unfairly penalized claimants in the Treaty Six area. The department's limitation of the eligibility of claimants by constrictive criteria was compounded by its failure to examine seriously the evidence of Metis settlement that would have met such criteria.<P> At the time of the 1930 transfer of land administration to the prairie provinces, the land claims of the Metis settlers of Green Lake remained unsatisfied.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1988.

This thesis seeks to examine Indian political development in South Africa during the period 1933-1939, with specific reference to the emergence of the Colonial-Born and Settlers' Indian Association and its influence on the course of Natal Indian politics. The primary aim of the thesis is to examine the role played by this Association in obstructing the Union government's assisted emigration plans and colonisation scheme. To achieve this aim it was necessary to examine the establishment of the Association and to determine whether the Association fulfilled its main objective. After a brief exposition of early Indian immigration, the activities of the successive Agent-Generals are examined in the context of their relationship with the Natal Indian Congress (NIC) and the Association and how these diplomats articulated the aspirations of their government. The Agency attempted to secure improvements in the socio-economic position of the South African Indian community. In terms of various directives from the Indian government it was clear that they emphasised the value of negotiations and compromise and aggressively suppressed the strategies of those who opposed this approach. This attitude surfaced particularly in its relationship with the Association relative to the Association's stance on the colonisation issue. Notwitstanding the disabilities experienced by the Association in its fight for the equal status of its supporters and for the right to remain in South Africa, the Association is seen to have succeeded in the realisation of its fundamental objective. The thesis also seeks to establish that there was a need for the creation of the Association and later after it had served its function the need for its dissolution. In this process the author also deals with the general activities of the Association and the crucial negotiations conducted with the Congress to the point of amalgamation in 1939 when the Association and the NIC amalgamated to form the Natal Indian Association. The significant influence of the Agency in the process of negotiations is emphasised. There are three main themes in this study. The first reflects the manner In which the moderate leadership articulated the aspirations of their supporters. Secondly, it demonstrates the internal differences, sectionalism and the class struggles within the Indian organisations. , The third theme seeks to reveal the often devious roles played by the respective governments, their intransigence, connivance and particularly the apathy of the government of India. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1992.

No description available.

No description available.

Summary: "The ignorance which, generally speaking, prevails regarding the true character of the aboriginal population is not wonderful, simply because we know that there is no other branch of knowledge of which men are so thoroughly ignorant as the study of man himself. the constitution of man, mental as well as bodily, forms as yet no part of the ordinary course of education; and men are sent forth into the world to meet, deal, and to treat with one another, in total ignorance of each other�s character. it is not, under such circumstances, to be wonderer at, that, even in civilized life, disputes, quarrels, and troubles should exist; how much less so when the two extremes, the savage and the civilized, are brought into contact with one another."(1) With these words Dr. Martin, in 1845, outlined the need for special training for those who had to deal with native races, whether as missionaries, administrators, or merely as settlers amongst them. All those who came into contact with the Maoris had, of necessity, to study their ways to a certain extent, and some naturally, were more proficient in this than were their fellows. Wherever there was one who, through his understanding of the native character and the strength of his influence, was able to guide both Maori and Pakeha in their relations with one another, there the two peoples lived in peace. Dissension arose through the ignorance of either party of laws of the other, or because those laws were deliberately flouted. Training in the study of man, as suggested by Martin, would have dispelled this ignorance and inculcated a spirit of tolerance which could have eased much of the friction that ensued. Where it was essential to compromise on conflicting points, or where the weaker of the two parties was forced to conform to the ways of the other, then again this training would have indicated the best procedure to be adopted. But no system of schooling at that time included a study of anything like anthropology, which was then an unthought-of science, and the only hope of harmonious race relations lay in the possibility that certain of those in responsible positions amongst both Europeans and Maoris would have enough wit to discern the right course--Introduction.

This study explores the early history of Sydney's Rocks area at two levels. First, it provides a much-needed history of the city's earliest, oldest-surviving and best-known precinct, one which allows an investigation of popular beliefs about the Rocks' convict origins, and which challenges and qualifies its reputation for lowlife, vice and squalor. Second, by examining fundamental aspects of everyday life - townscape, community and commonality, family life and work, human interaction and rites of passage - this study throws new light on the origins of Sydney from the perspective of the convict and ex-convict majority. Despite longstanding historical interest in Sydney's beginnings, the cultural identity, values, habits, beliefs of the convicts and ex-convicts remained largely hidden. The examination of such aspects reveals another Sydney altogether from that presented by governors, artists and mapmakers. Instead of an orderly oupost of empire, a gaol-town, or a 'gulag', the Sydney the Rocks represents was built and occupied largely according to the tastes, priorities and inclination of the people, with relatively little official regulation or interference. While the Rocks appeared 'disorderly' in the eyes of the elite, it nevertheless functioned according to cultural rules, those of the lower orders - the artisans, shopkeepers, publicans, labouring people, the majority of whom were convicts and ex-convicts.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:33:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1941576 bytes, checksum: 3eee890f674713038bba959b54cc99f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-06 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study intent to describe and analyze the relationship between extension and settlers, in the work of a cooperative that access public policies, specifically the Technical Assistance Program, the Social Environmental and Agrarian Reform - ATES, exclusively directed to the settlements, in the case studied, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Rescuing the history and trajectory of the policies of Rural Extension in Brazil, are exposed the disputes over the form, content and extension of the mediation on rural extension, as well as the conflicts that underlie the different conceptions of action in the rural extension and development. The new theoretical and methodological references of Rural Extension, together with the guidelines of the National Technical Assistance and Rural Extension - PNATER, which ATES is in, print complex features and contradictory directions, sometimes in different conceptions that bring conflict on the mediation and intervention process in settlements. Using the literature on social mediation and action extension, along with types and forms assumed of the practice and their references of rural extension, we construct the theory that expose the dynamic that operate on the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension &#8211; &#8220;ATER&#8221;, served by the cooperative CEDRO &#8211; &#8220;Cooperativa de Projetos e Consultoria em Desenvolvimento Sustentável &#8211; LTDA&#8221;. Reflecting on issues that are in the practice of rural extension in settlements, especially on the forms and conceptualizations of participation, aim to deepen and enhance the debate on intervention on rural areas. The study is to outline the premises of the Observation participants, which has the characteristic of using the natural environment interactions as a data source. Were identified continuities and discontinuities along the extension process, exposing contradictions of the practice in rural extension and the action of professionals in conflict with the ideals, norms and guidelines and proposals of the documents and agreements about the politics Program ATES. Sought, by identifying the inclusion of actors interacting in rural action extension, exposing the dilemmas and conflicts that underlie an extension process, with its institutional limits, the direct paths of an ATER that falls within a wide, dynamic and qualified agrarian reform. / Este estudo objetiva descrever e analisar a relação entre extensionistas e assentados, focando os profissionais de uma cooperativa de trabalho que acessa políticas públicas, mais especificamente o Programa de Assistência Técnica, Social e Ambiental à Reforma Agrária &#8211; ATES, direcionada exclusivamente a assentamentos, no caso estudado, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Resgatando o histórico e a trajetória das políticas de Extensão Rural no Brasil, são exposto as disputas em torno da forma, do conteúdo e da função da mediação extensionista, assim como os conflitos que subjazem as diferentes concepções da ação extensionista e do desenvolvimento rural e sustentável. As novas referências teóricas e metodológicas da Extensão Rural, aliadas as diretrizes da Política Nacional de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural &#8211; PNATER, ao qual a ATES se baliza, imprimem características complexas e contraditórias, por vezes aflorando conflitos nas diferentes concepções de mediação e de intervenção em assentamentos. Utilizando a literatura sobre mediação social e ação extensionista, acompanhado de tipos e formas assumidas da prática extensionista e suas respectivas referências pedagógicas se constrói o arcabouço teórico sobre a dinâmica que se desenha com a operacionalização da Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural &#8211; ATER em assentamentos atendidos pela Cooperativa de Consultoria e Projetos em Desenvolvimento Sustentável - CEDRO. Refletindo sobre temas presentes no cotidiano desta prática extensionista e assentamentos, especialmente sobre as formas e as conceituações sobre a participação, se baliza alguns critérios centrais da ação extensionista, com intuito de aprofundar e qualificar o debate sobre a intervenção em assentamentos rurais. O estudo tem como delineamento as premissas da Observação Participante, que apresenta a característica de utilizar o ambiente natural de interações como fonte de dados. Identificaram-se continuidades e descontinuidades ao longo do processo extensionista, expondo contradições e o alcance das práticas dos profissionais extensionistas em confronto com os ideais, propostas e normatizações e direcionamentos dos documentos e contratos que regulam a política do Programa de ATES. Buscou-se, ao identificar a inserção dos atores que interagem na ação extensionista, expor os dilemas e conflitos que subjazem um processo extensionista, com seus limites institucionais, ao direcionar os caminhos de uma ATER que se insira em uma dinâmica ampla e qualificada de reforma agrária.