No description available.

This thesis investigates the current relationships between Mi’kmaq and Settler fishers given the post-Marshall decision context. It considers how years of fishing in the same waters has affected contemporary relationships between Mi’kmaq and Settler fishers. The thesis will do so by coupling rich data gained from two months of fieldwork in a rural fishing community in the Maritimes with literature that speaks to Aboriginal-Settler relations. This literature includes research done in the wake of the Marshall decision which proposes that close contact at the community level could help to move relations between Mi’kmaq and Settler fishers forward. My analysis will rely on Herbert Blumer’s (1955, 1958) group position theory as it relates to a sense of racial prejudice.

No description available.

Summary: Since the glorious days of Queen Elizabeth the name of the County of Devon has been connected in men�s minds wth English colonial expansion. Sir. Humphrey Gilbert, Sir Walter Raleigh, Grenville, Drake, Hawkins-these were the men with whom colonization from England originated. During the reign of King James 1 a Plymouth Company had traded extensively with America; and so, when about the year 1840 projects for the settlements of the lands of the South Pacific were so much discussed it was hoped that, if the energy and zeal which had prompted the efforts of the great-searovers of the Elizabethian era were still to be found among their descendants, then the old Plymouth Company might rise again with renewed vigour to grace the pages of future Australasian history with names then connected with the brightest annals of the Mother Country.

In River Thieves, the white settlers are responsible for the vanishing of the Beothuk which reflects the spiritural loss of the white settlers. The major themes of truth, regret and guilt are discussed in the novel.

Summary: Since the glorious days of Queen Elizabeth the name of the County of Devon has been connected in men�s minds wth English colonial expansion. Sir. Humphrey Gilbert, Sir Walter Raleigh, Grenville, Drake, Hawkins-these were the men with whom colonization from England originated. During the reign of King James 1 a Plymouth Company had traded extensively with America; and so, when about the year 1840 projects for the settlements of the lands of the South Pacific were so much discussed it was hoped that, if the energy and zeal which had prompted the efforts of the great-searovers of the Elizabethian era were still to be found among their descendants, then the old Plymouth Company might rise again with renewed vigour to grace the pages of future Australasian history with names then connected with the brightest annals of the Mother Country.

O presente trabalho aborda questão agrária na Colômbia entre os anos de 1961 e 1972, período que situa um ciclo de transição na economia colombiana que se abre com a possibilidade de reformas capitalistas no sentido liberal-democrático e se encerra com a opção definitiva pela restauração conservadora. A reconstituição desse processo histórico é feita sob a perspectiva de um grupo muito particular entre os camponeses colombianos, isto é, os colonos e o colonato. Do ponto de vista teórico, a ideia central deste trabalho é a de recuperar para análise da questão agrária na América Latina, particularmente para a Colômbia, os pressupostos da análise de Marx sobre a renda da terra. Outro aspecto importante em relação à obra de Marx, foi a tentativa de estabelecer um diálogo com sua a obra naquilo que ele apontou como decisivo para se entender o desenvolvimento capitalista nos países de formação colonial. Para a produção do conhecimento histórico relativo ao objeto desta pesquisa houve uma análise crítica tanto da produção teórica de alguns dos principais intérpretes sobre a questão agrária na Colômbia quanto dos dados estatísticos produzidos pelo órgão do Estado colombiano responsável pelo setor, o Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estatística (DANE). / This thesis discusses agrarian question in Colombia between the years 1961 and 1972, a period that represents a transition cycle in the Colombian economy that opens the possibility of capitalist reforms in the liberal-democratic direction and ends with the final choice of the conservative restoration. The perspective of a very particular group of Colombian peasants, that is, the settlers and the settlement, is the central argument that leads the reconstruction of this historical process. From a theoretical point of view, the central idea of this work is to recover for analysis of the agrarian question in Latin America, particularly in Colombia, the assumptions of Marx\'s analysis of ground rent. Another important aspect in relation to the work of Marx was to establish a dialogue with his work in order to find a key to understanding the capitalist development in countries with colonial history. For the production of historical knowledge concerning the object of this research, this thesis produces a critical analysis of both the theoretical production of some of the most important intellectuals on the agrarian question in Colombia and the statistical data produced by the Colombian state body responsible for the sector, the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE).

Using a series of interlocking case-studies, this thesis investigates environmental anxieties in New Zealand�s settler society in the period 1830-1920. A central premise of this study is that the rapid environmental transformation of New Zealand stimulated widespread anxieties and reforms within settler society. These anxieties focussed as much on the changes already begun as on apprehensions of the results of these changes. Applying the concept of environmental anxiety to settler New Zealand expands understandings about colonial culture and its environmental history. It moves debate beyond simple narratives of colonial environmental destruction. Instead, this thesis highlights the ambiguities and complexities of colonial views of the natural world. This thesis points to the insecurities behind seeming Victorian confidence, even arrogance, in the ability of science and technology to bring constant material improvement. Europeans recognised that modern living brought material advantages but that the rapid environmental changes that underpinned these improvements also brought and threatened to bring unwanted outcomes. A diverse range of settlers worried about the effects of environmental changes. Individuals, institutions, committees, councils, doctors, scientists, artists, governments, engineers and politicians expressed environmental anxieties of one kind or another. Some farmers, politicians and scientists held that deforestation decreased rainfall but increased temperatures. Other scientists and politicians feared that it brought devastating floods and soil erosion. Some Maori, travellers, politicians and scientists held that it destabilised sand that would inundate fertile fields. Councillors, engineers and doctors constantly debated ways of improving the healthiness of towns and cities, areas seen as particularly dangerous places in which to live. Doctors� and settlers� anxieties focused on the effects of New Zealand�s climate on health and racial development. The impact of environmental change on the healthiness of certain areas, as well as the role played by humans in climate change, also provoked lively discussion. The effects of these anxieties are evident in some of the land policies, artworks, legislation, parliamentary and scientific debates, and writings of this period. Settlers believed curbing pollution, laying out parks, planting trees and restricting the construction of unhealthy properties improved living conditions in cities. Some scientists and politicians thought setting aside forest �climate reserves� in highland areas, tree-planting legislation and sustainable forestry practices prevented flooding and climate change. Individuals and authorities also established sanatoria and spas in particularly healthy spots, such as at the seaside and in high, dry places. In investigating these topics, this thesis expands the discipline of environmental history, bringing to light the importance of studying urban environments, aesthetics, climate change, desertification and health. It expands the largely �national� narratives of New Zealand�s environmental histories by acknowledging that local environments, events and attitudes as well as global environments, events and attitudes shaped anxieties and policies. Global ideas, often operating at a local level, played a role in reinforcing and providing solutions to New Zealand�s environmental anxieties. This thesis also acknowledges the on-going significance of Christianity in under-girding ideas about improvement and environmental protection. Most significantly, perhaps, this study underlines both that many settlers displayed an emotional attachment to the New Zealand environment and that most colonists wanted to ensure the long-term productivity of its lands.

Summary: Maniototo, one of the fourteen counties of Otago, gained its name from the Maniototo Plain which makes up the greater part of the County. Mr W.H. Sherwood Roberts believes that the spelling of Manioto is not correct. "Toto" means blood, but the dictionaries do not give "manio". Instead "mania" means plain and the name should therefore be spelt Mania-o-toto, Plain of Blood, or simply Maniatoto. One old Maori told His Honour Mr. Justice Chapman that Maniatoto was the name of the Serpentine valley and that the plain was O Tu Rehua. When the name of Rough Ridge railway station was changed in 1908 to Oturehua, the explanation given was that a battle had been fought there in some distant period, the name of the victorious greenstone club Oturehua. The name, however, may mean the last resting place of Rehua, one of the most powerful of ancient Maori deities. On being questioned in 1890 by Mr. McPherson, M.P., Maori members of Parliament said that Oturehua is a very suitable substitution for Rough Ridge, for it means, in Old Maori, [sic]" a noble rugged eminence, worthy of being the standing place from which the commands of the great god Rehua might be given". It would appear that this poetic explanation must be the accepted one. Similarly the legend of the battle of ancient times must be the origin of the name Maniatoto, or Maniototo. Both spellings occur in official and unofficial reports from earlist times until 1877, when the county was instituted and the spelling fixed.

Using a series of interlocking case-studies, this thesis investigates environmental anxieties in New Zealand�s settler society in the period 1830-1920. A central premise of this study is that the rapid environmental transformation of New Zealand stimulated widespread anxieties and reforms within settler society. These anxieties focussed as much on the changes already begun as on apprehensions of the results of these changes. Applying the concept of environmental anxiety to settler New Zealand expands understandings about colonial culture and its environmental history. It moves debate beyond simple narratives of colonial environmental destruction. Instead, this thesis highlights the ambiguities and complexities of colonial views of the natural world. This thesis points to the insecurities behind seeming Victorian confidence, even arrogance, in the ability of science and technology to bring constant material improvement. Europeans recognised that modern living brought material advantages but that the rapid environmental changes that underpinned these improvements also brought and threatened to bring unwanted outcomes. A diverse range of settlers worried about the effects of environmental changes. Individuals, institutions, committees, councils, doctors, scientists, artists, governments, engineers and politicians expressed environmental anxieties of one kind or another. Some farmers, politicians and scientists held that deforestation decreased rainfall but increased temperatures. Other scientists and politicians feared that it brought devastating floods and soil erosion. Some Maori, travellers, politicians and scientists held that it destabilised sand that would inundate fertile fields. Councillors, engineers and doctors constantly debated ways of improving the healthiness of towns and cities, areas seen as particularly dangerous places in which to live. Doctors� and settlers� anxieties focused on the effects of New Zealand�s climate on health and racial development. The impact of environmental change on the healthiness of certain areas, as well as the role played by humans in climate change, also provoked lively discussion. The effects of these anxieties are evident in some of the land policies, artworks, legislation, parliamentary and scientific debates, and writings of this period. Settlers believed curbing pollution, laying out parks, planting trees and restricting the construction of unhealthy properties improved living conditions in cities. Some scientists and politicians thought setting aside forest �climate reserves� in highland areas, tree-planting legislation and sustainable forestry practices prevented flooding and climate change. Individuals and authorities also established sanatoria and spas in particularly healthy spots, such as at the seaside and in high, dry places. In investigating these topics, this thesis expands the discipline of environmental history, bringing to light the importance of studying urban environments, aesthetics, climate change, desertification and health. It expands the largely �national� narratives of New Zealand�s environmental histories by acknowledging that local environments, events and attitudes as well as global environments, events and attitudes shaped anxieties and policies. Global ideas, often operating at a local level, played a role in reinforcing and providing solutions to New Zealand�s environmental anxieties. This thesis also acknowledges the on-going significance of Christianity in under-girding ideas about improvement and environmental protection. Most significantly, perhaps, this study underlines both that many settlers displayed an emotional attachment to the New Zealand environment and that most colonists wanted to ensure the long-term productivity of its lands.