Severely nitrogen and phosphorus deficient restored opencast coal mine sites planting with Sitka spruce ( Picea sitchensis , Bong. (Carr.)) were treated with both sewage sludge and inorganic fertilizer. Cake sludge was applied before planting at the rate of 100 and 200 tds/ha and liquid sludge at the rte of 227 m3/ha at the age of 3 in selected plots. The highest treatments (S200L) supplied approximately 2051 kg N/ha and 983 kg P/ha which is sufficient to establish an internal nutrient cycle in such degraded sites. Sewage sludge significantly increased the tree growth and foliage N and P concentrations both over the control and inorganic fertilizer treatments. Foliage N concentrations up to 1.95&'37 increased the maximum height growth above which the height growth declined due to excess N concentrations. Both the mean needle weight and height growth increased in response to the increased foliar P concentrations and the response is still not complete. Whole tree sampling showed that there was significantly more tree biomass in sludge treatments in comparison to the control treatments. Regression equations based on independent variables of stem diameter at 5 cm from the ground were developed to estimate total tree dry biomass. Ground vegetation dry matter, nutrient content and species diversity significantly increased in sludge treatments. Soil pH increased, bulk density decreased and organic C, total N, available P, K and Mg increased following sludge application in comparison to the control treatments. Nitrate leaching losses increased immediately after the liquid sludge applications in highest sludge treatments but with time fell down and remained within the standard limit for potable water. Drain water nutrient leaching losses remained well below the soil leachate except for magnesium. Nitrogen mineralization potential increased with increased application rate indicating increased cycling of N within the ecosystem and hence long-term growth response potential to the applied treatments.

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The predominance of post-modern thought in the latter half of the 20th century has brought philosophy to a crisis of confidence in its ability to investigate and understand our current reality. The complacent relativism that has emerged from post-modern discourse leaves us unprepared to face either the dominance of a dis-associative free-market or the emergence of regressive fundamental totalitarianism. Alain Badiou tasks philosophy with recovering the process of logical investigation into the primary forces which shape our lives, and he does so by equipping philosophy with both a means and an end: philosophy is a mathematical ontology in the endless pursuit of truth. In an attempt to address the issues of infinitely relative position and totalitarian authority, I understand Badiou to draw most significantly from Wittgenstein's (not Sartre's) notion of the situation and Heidegger's notion of Being, placing both of these insights within the mathematical framework of set theory as informed by Paul Cohen, doing so in the distinctly Platonic spirit of an appeal to truth as the antidote to the sophistry of post-modern thought. Such concerns with the intersection of authority and position are distinctly modern ones, and for Badiou we remain caught on the horns of the modern dilemma of the undisputed Master and the infinite Place. The process of overcoming such a false dichotomy, Badiou suggests, involves a return to the scene of its founding in the century's imagination, the moment of its poetic enunciation. Through an investigation of the critical and creative work of Ezra Pound and T.S. Eliot between the wars, I present their striking awareness of this problem and their attempts to overcome it, focusing on their respective moments of success and failure as understood through a critique based on Badiou's ethics and aesthetics. / English

Orientador: Bastiaan Philip Reydon / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T03:33:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernandes_VitorBukvar_M.pdf: 4539950 bytes, checksum: 62a3011b05216b8b4fd8625aa747b2ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Verdade repetida insistentemente, todos sabemos que a estrutura fundiária brasileira se mantém concentrada desde sua origem. Unindo a isso o quadro de caos regulatório e legislativo no tocante da terra no Brasil, este estudo se propõe a delinear um padrão histórico de regulação da apropriação territorial até 1964 e analisar o período que se segue daí até a atualidade para mostrar que este mesmo padrão se manteve em essência, além de mostrar que esta manutenção traz consigo efeitos extremamente viciosos. Partindo da característica central de manutenção da apropriação privada das terras devolutas, analisaremos no capítulo 1 como se constituiu este padrão de regulação permissivo e como ele se manteve até a metade do século XIX. Em seguida, no capítulo 2, realizaremos o mesmo tipo de análise para os anos subsequentes até os dias de hoje expondo que, apesar de mudanças em aparência, este padrão se manteve. No capítulo 3, analisaremos o caso da regulação da apropriação de terras no Pará como outra fonte de argumentos que corroboram à nossa tese. No capítulo 4, por fim, exporemos sintomas decorrentes da manutenção desta forma de regulação da ocupação territorial ¿ depois de mostrar que a estrutura fundiária brasileira sempre foi concentrada, mostraremos os principais fatores que perpetuam esta forma estrutural e fatores deletérios outros que são decorrentes desta manutenção / Abstract: It is widely known that Brazilian land structure is still very concentrated since the colonization. Bearing in mind the Brazilian land concentration and the chaotic land regulatory and legislative framework, this study pretends to outline an historical territorial appropriation pattern up to 1964 and analyze the subsequent period to show that this pattern maintained itself in essence, also showing that it brings many vicious effects. Starting from the maintenance of the private appropriation of unregistered public lands as the central characteristic, chapter 1 will analyze how this permissive regulatory pattern was constituted and maintained until the first half of the 20th century. Next, in chapter 2, we will use the same kind of analysis for the subsequent years up to the present day showing that, regardless of changes in its appearance, this pattern was maintained. In chapter 3 we will focus on the Para state case and its territorial appropriation regulations as another source of arguments corroborating for our thesis. Finally, in chapter 4, the symptoms derived from maintaining this form of regulation of territorial occupation will be exposed ¿ after showing that Brazilian land is and always was concentrated, we will highlight the main factors that caused this structural form and other negative factors that come into being through this maintenance / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

Ce travail de thèse a pour objet de rendre compte des dynamiques qui présidèrent à la naissance de la poésie japonaise de l'après-guerre dans laquelle le groupe de l'école Arechi occupe une place majeure. Née de l'épreuve de la défaite, la poésie d'Arechi entretient des liens étroits avec l'« expérience de la guerre » qui se situe dans la période historique des quinze années de conflit de 1931 à 1945. Une démarche de type archéologique a été choisie pour expliquer la genèse de la poésie d'Arechi. Dans un premier temps est présentée dans ses grandes lignes la poétique du groupe, à travers la question du modernisme japonais et des excès de formalisme contre lesquels les poètes d'Arechi ont réagi pour ramener la poésie du côté de l'existence et redonner au langage poétique une chair et un sang. Dans un second temps sont analysées les évolutions qui affectèrent non seulement le modernisme mais aussi la plus grande partie de la poésie moderne à la fin des années trente, lorsqu’ont lieu les conversions plus ou moins contraintes des poètes à l'idéologie de la guerre nationaliste. Analyser les modalités de ces conversions a permis de mettre en lumière les raisons qui conduisirent les poètes d'Arechi à affronter la question de la responsabilité de la guerre dès les premières heures de la défaite. Ce travail tente ainsi de dégager les caractéristiques de la poésie d'Arechi au sein de l'histoire de la poésie moderne japonaise, mais aussi de situer cette forme de poésie au sein des inquiétudes qui travaillent toutes les formes de poésie contemporaine après la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, l'expérience du désastre et la défiguration du langage poétique. / This dissertation focuses on the dynamics that preside the emergence of Japanese Post-War poetry in which Arechi group school exercised a major role. Propelled by the event of the defeat, the Arechi poetry is closely related to the "experience of the war," over the historical period of the conflict that lasted fifteen years (1931 - 1945). An archaeological approach has been adopted in order to account the genesis of Arechi poetry. Firstly, the group’s poetic lines are outlined by presenting the issues of Japanese Modernism and its excessive formalism against which the Arechi poets reacted in order to bring poetry back to life and to instil flesh and blood into the poetic language. Secondly, the developments that affected not only Modernism, but also most part of Modern poetry in the late Thirties are explored, period in which poets were more or less voluntarily compelled to convert to the ideology of the nationalist war. The analysis of the modalities of these conversions has permitted to shed new light to the reasons that led the Arechi poets to confront the concern of the responsibility of the war at the aftermath of the defeat. Therefore, this study attempts not only to identify and depict Arechi poetry’s characteristics in the history of Modern Japanese poetry but also, to situate this form of poetry within the turmoil which inhabit all forms of Contemporary poetry after World War II, the experience of disaster and de-figuration of the poetic language.

M.A. (English) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Lingüística. / La tesis propone que el poema La Tierra Baldía es la dolorosa expresión del colapso de una época y la síntesis del derrumbe de la mujer; que T.S. Eliot, apoyándose en la inversión de las leyendas del Grial, logró fusionar con su propia tragedia personal. El poema sería la evidencia de la esterilidad y el fracaso del amor entre un hombre y una mujer, configurada poéticamente teniendo a la base una riquísima simbología sobre la infertilidad, el vacío y la muerte; en la que el sexo, por su radical función generativa y amorosa, ocupa un lugar eminente aunque no exclusivo.

After the publication of T.S. Eliotʾs famous modernistic poem The Waste Land in 1922 it took about nine years until two Swedish literature theoreticians decided to translate it into Swedish. The translation was made for a publication in a modernistic journal, Spektrum, for which they both were co ̶ founders and editors. The two Swedes were Karin Boye, a famous modernistic poet, writer and literature critic, and Erik Mesterton, also a literature critic with a deep interest in English poetry generally and T.S. Eliot particularly. This essay aims to compare the translation of The Waste Land that Boye and Mesterton made during the winter of 1931 ̶ 1932, with Eliots original poem, with the ambition to determine what kind of translation Boye and Mestertonʾs work resulted in. Starting from Schleiermacher, modern translation theories are examined and finally the translation named Det öde landet from 1932 is analyzed from a model by Mats Malm from his 1996 book Minervas äpple. By using the distinctions of mimetic, analogue, organic and external forms in the area of the poem's metre and style, and the distinctions of metaphrase, paraphrase and imitation in the area of the poemʾs content, the essay examines what has been the translatorʾs priorities during the process of translation, how Boyeʾs modernistic style shines through in the translation and how Mestertonʾs knowledge about Eliotʾs style in poetry shows in the finished work. The analysis shows that the translation leans toward a mimetic form, and is to be considered a paraphrase when it comes to the content. This shows that Boye and Mesterton had an intention to reproduce both Eliotʾs meaning and poetic style to the swedish readers, but also that the translators are capable of being dynamic both when it comes to meaning and form.