The subject of this paper is an analysis of the fundamental principles of Spinoza's ontology, as presented primarily in the first book of Ethics. There is a parallel effort to outline a conceptual scheme, which could render this ontology in a well arranged manner. The heart of the text consists in a study of some of the important metaphysical categories, that define the space of Spinoza's substantial ontology. Namely the concepts of quantity and difference, existence and causality, immanence and finiteness. These categories represent somewhat generalised line of argumentation, in the course of which some of the traditional problems of the research in Spinoza's metaphysics will be covered. For example, the problem of shared attribute or the question of the substance-attribute relation. In the final part this will lead to an interpretation, based on the previous findings, of how nature follows from God and relates to him. 1

abstract: Comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) evaluates the relative performance of multiple products, services, or technologies with the purpose of selecting the least impactful alternative. Nevertheless, characterized results are seldom conclusive. When one alternative performs best in some aspects, it may also performs worse in others. These tradeoffs among different impact categories make it difficult to identify environmentally preferable alternatives. To help reconcile this dilemma, LCA analysts have the option to apply normalization and weighting to generate comparisons based upon a single score. However, these approaches can be misleading because they suffer from problems of reference dataset incompletion, linear and fully compensatory aggregation, masking of salient tradeoffs, weight insensitivity and difficulties incorporating uncertainty in performance assessment and weights. Consequently, most LCA studies truncate impacts assessment at characterization, which leaves decision-makers to confront highly uncertain multi-criteria problems without the aid of analytic guideposts. This study introduces Stochastic Multi attribute Analysis (SMAA), a novel approach to normalization and weighting of characterized life-cycle inventory data for use in comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The proposed method avoids the bias introduced by external normalization references, and is capable of exploring high uncertainty in both the input parameters and weights. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Civil and Environmental Engineering 2015

Um dos principais desafios em Redes Centradas em Informação (ICN) é como prover controle de acesso à publicação e recuperação de conteúdos. Apesar das potencialidades, as soluções existentes, geralmente, consideram um único usuário agindo como publicador. Ao lidar com múltiplos publicadores, elas podem levar a uma explosão combinatória de chaves criptográficas. As soluções projetadas visando a múltiplos publicadores, por sua vez, dependem de arquiteturas de redes específicas e/ou de mudanças nessas para operar. Nesta dissertação é proposta uma solução, apoiada em criptografia baseada em atributos, para controle de acesso a conteúdos. Nessa solução, o modelo de segurança é voltado a grupos de compartilhamento seguro, nos quais todos os usuários membros podem publicar e consumir conteúdos. Diferente de trabalhos anteriores, a solução proposta mantém o número de chaves proporcional ao de membros nos grupos e pode ser empregada em qualquer arquitetura ICN de forma gradual. A proposta é avaliada quanto ao custo de operação, à quantidade de chaves necessárias e à eficiência na disseminação de conteúdos. Em comparação às soluções existentes, ela oferece maior flexibilidade no controle de acesso, sem aumentar a complexidade do gerenciamento de chaves e sem causar sobrecustos significativos à rede. / One of the main challenges in Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is providing access control to content publication and retrieval. In spite of the potentialities, existing solutions often consider a single user acting as publisher. When dealing with multiple publishers, they may lead to a combinatorial explosion of cryptographic keys. Those solutions that focus on multiple publishers, on the other hand, rely on specific network architectures and/or changes to operate. In this dissertation, it is proposed a solution, supported by attribute-based encryption, for content access control. In this solution, the security model is focused on secure content distribution groups, in which any member user can publish to and retrieve from. Unlike previous work, the proposed solution keeps the number of cryptographic keys proportional to the number of group members, and may even be adopted gradually in any ICN architecture. The proposed solution is evaluated with respect to the overhead it imposes, number of required keys, and efficiency in the content dissemination. In contrast to existing solutions, it offers higher access control flexibility, without increasing key management process complexity and without causing significant network overhead.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:57:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao RAIMUNDO NONATO.pdf: 4660213 bytes, checksum: 1ce3afb53ec4693924877583465af3a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-21 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / In the Amazon region, a major part of the forest have been overthrow for different uses, such as the use of wood to confection of furniture , to create new roads, build cities, pasture and other uses. Those actions made the soil suffers the direct actions of many tips of process among of these are the abusive wear of the soil, which causes impacts, that can be irreversible furthermore, the soil of those regions are susceptible to erosive process when there is the takeover of the vegetation and depending of the local geomorphology the degradation happens faster, especially when the steepness of the slope is long. Therefore, the initial success in the recovery of a degraded ecosystem depends of the management to be executed in the area and the species to be used. Knowing this, the re-establishment of the ecological process and eventually the full recovery, reducing the erosive process. This study comprehends a evaluation among several vegetable species, with interventions and management tactic to improve the physic-chemistry propriety of the soil and evaluate the growth behavior of the vegetable species in the area. This experiment was realized between the months of January/2010 to April/2011, in the area belonged to Zone SuperintendenceofManaus (SUFRAMA) localized in the neighbor Vila Buriti, south zone of Manaus, AM. The main goal of this project was to evaluate the development and the efficiency of five vegetable species: Ingá-de-metro (Ingá Edulis), Goiaba de anta (Bellucia grossularioide) Guaraná (Paullinia cupana) Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) e a Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala). The secondary goals were: evaluate the alterations in the physics variables (particle size, bulk density,true density, total porosity, macro and micro penetration resistance) and chemical(concentration ofmacroand micronutrients, pH, H 2 O) in the soil; evaluate the water infiltration capacity in soil in the plots of the experiment; monitor the growth of the species and evaluate the quantity and the stock of nutrients inserted in the plots with secondary vegetationchopped(minced poultry) (C, N, K, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe).. Initially, before the plantation of the species, were collected some samples to realize the chemistry and physics analyze, at 20 cm of depth in each plot. With this done, were incorporated on the soil of the plots 1,3,5,7 and 9, 50 kg of minced 11 poultry, every 4 months for the period of 1 year and in the plots 2,4,6,8 and 10, any kind of material were inserted (control plots). After the installation (30 days after) were realized the allometric measures (diameter10 cmof soil,height andcup size). Infiltration and resilience tests were done. After the collect of data in the period of 1 year, then observed that the plots 5 and 6 and 9 and 10, inga and leucena, respectively, had the best development, the species goiaba de anta, cupuaçu, e guarana did not resist in those conditions. The minced poultry shown a positive effect, collaborating to the improve of the soil fertility, the survive of some species and the natural regeneration, enabling a better capacity to make its own functions. The results allows accomplish that the initial success in the recovery of a degraded soil for erosive process depends of the management practices realizes in the site and the use of species with a fast growth and with that, can give a coverage to the soil. Thus, the species inga and leucena are indicated to degraded environmental such as minced poultry. / Na região amazônica uma imensidão de floresta vem sendo derrubada para diversos tipos de uso, como a utilização da madeira para confecção de móveis, para abertura de estradas, construção de cidades, para pastagens, entre outras utilizações. Isso tem deixado os solos desta área ação direta de diversos tipos de processos, entre estes o desgaste excessivo do solo, o que causa impactos, muitas vezes, irreversíveis. Além disso, o solo desta região é susceptível aos processos erosivos quando da retirada da cobertura vegetal e, dependendo da geomorfologia do local a degradação ocorre de forma acelerada, principalmente quando a declividade da encosta é longa. Sendo assim, o êxito inicial na recuperação de um ecossistema degradado, depende das práticas de manejo a serem executadas na área e o tipo de espécie a ser utilizada. Desta forma, pode-se iniciar o restabelecimento dos processos ecológicos e, consequentemente, diminuírem e até cessam o processo erosivo que se encontra na área geomorfológica. Este estudo compreende avaliação de várias espécies vegetais, com intervenções e técnicas de manejo para melhoramento das propriedades físico-químicas do solo e avaliar o comportamento do crescimento da vegetação sob esta área. O experimento foi conduzido entre os meses de janeiro/2010 a abril/2011, na área pertencente à Superintendência da Zona de Manaus(SUFRAMA), localizada no bairro Vila Buriti, zona Sul de Manaus, AM. O objetivo geral do trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento e eficiência de cinco espécies vegetais: Ingá-de-metro (Ingá Edulis), Goiaba de anta (Bellucia grossularioide) Guaraná (Paullinia cupana) Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) e a Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala). Os objetivos específicos foram: avaliar as alterações nas variáveis físicas (granulometria, densidade aparente, densidade real, porosidade total, macro e microporosidade resistência à penetração) e químicas (concentração de macro e micronutrientes, pH, H2O) do solo; avaliar a capacidade de infiltração de água no solo nas parcelas dos experimentos; monitorar o crescimento das espécies estudadas e avaliar o teor e estoque de nutrientes inserido nas parcelas com vegetação secundária picada (capoeira picada) (C, N, K, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe). Para tanto, antes do plantio das espécies nas parcelas coletou- 9 se amostras para análise química e física a 20 cm de profundidade nas parcelas. Feito isso, foi incorporado ao solo das parcelas 1, 3, 5 7 e 9, 50 kg de biomassa vegetal (capoeira picada) a cada 4 meses pelo período de 1 ano e nas parcelas 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10, nenhum tipo de material foi inserido nestas parcelas (parcela controle). Após a instalação (30 dias após) foram realizadas às medidas alométricas (diâmetro a 10 cm do solo, altura e tamanho de copa). Foram realizados testes de infiltração e de resistência à penetração. Após a coleta de todos os dados no período de um ano, observou-se que as parcelas 5 e 6 e 9e 10, ingá e leucena, respectivamente, foram as que tiveram melhor desempenho (altura, diâmetro e tamanho de copa), as espécies goiaba de anta, cupuaçu e guaraná não conseguiram resistir às condições ambientais. A biomassa vegetal (capoeira picada) teve efeito significativo (quando comparada as parcelas controles) contribuíram para a melhoria da fertilidade do solo, da sobrevivência de algumas espécies e na regeneração natural, proporcionando maior capacidade para exercer as funções. Os resultados permitiram concluir que o êxito inicial na recuperação de um solo degradado por processos erosivos depende das práticas de manejo efetuadas no sítio e do uso de espécies que tenham um crescimento rápido e com isso, possam dar maior cobertura ao solo exposto e favorecendo condições ideais. Portanto, tanto a ingá quanto a leucena são espécies vegetais indicadas para ambientes degradados, assim como a capoeira picada.

In this modern world, healthcare has becoming a popular word in human life. People pay their attention on their health protection and treatment, but at the same time, they need to bear the high expenditure for their healthcare processing. It is a serious problem that the government income can not afford the large expense in healthcare industry. Especially in some developing countries, healthcare problem has become the problem for the nation development. We would like to choose this basic way to solve this problem directly, to provide the channel to improve the efficiency of healthcare system, Cambio COSMIC. The aim to analysis COSMIC for my case study is to find out the conclusion that how does the architect design the system from the stakeholders requirement to achieve the success of improving the efficiency of healthcare system. And how to measure the success for the system achieving to improve the efficiency of healthcare system is still required to indicate.

Clinical study data is usually collected without knowing what kind of data is going to be collected in advance. In addition, all of the possible data points that can apply to a patient in any given clinical study is almost always a superset of the data points that are actually recorded for a given patient. As a result of this, clinical data resembles a set of sparse data with an evolving data schema. To help researchers at the Moffitt Cancer Center better manage clinical data, a tool was developed called GURU that uses the Entity Attribute Value model to handle sparse data and allow users to manage a database entity’s attributes without any changes to the database table definition. The Entity Attribute Value model’s read performance gets faster as the data gets sparser but it was observed to perform many times worse than a wide table if the attribute count is not sufficiently large. Ultimately, the design trades read performance for flexibility in the data schema.

The diploma thesis deals with the distinction of attributive and predicative adjectives in contemporary Czech. Although this distinction is very important for defining adjectives as a word class in many languages, there was only little attention paid to it in Czech so far. This thesis is based on the work of František Čermák Lexikon a sémantika (2010). It is strongly inspired by english tradition of linguistics, which is also a reason, why he introduces a new term predicative adjectives in Czech. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part contains theoretical description of predicative and attributive function of adjectives. It is based on information contained in czech and foreign grammarbooks, handbooks or research papers. The goal is to summarize these separate information. The theoretical part deals with the basic characteristic of both types of adjectives, it focuses also on description of their semantics, word form and valency, which depends on it. This part contains definitions of some questionable points or inaccuracies of these descriptions too. The second part of this thesis is given to corpus research. The questionable points or inaccuracies of the descriptions defined in the first part of this thesis are examined on the material of Czech national corpus, concretely the corpus SYN2010....

Syftet med denna studie var att genom ett medarbetarperspektiv få en fördjupad förståelse för konceptet arbetsgivarvarumärke och vad som uppfattas attraktivt i ett varuproducerande företag på landsbygden. För att uppnå syftet har ett kvalitativt metodval med semistrukturerade intervjuer använts som datainsamlingsmetod. Intervjuerna har skett med både tjänstemän och kollektivanställda. Dessutom användes företagets medarbetarenkäter för att generera ett rikare datamaterial. Studien bidrar till förståelsen att arbetsgivarvarumärkeskonceptet kan användas i ett varuproducerande företag på landsbygden. Resultatet visar att företaget är unikt genom att de är en av få arbetsgivare på orten samt att de erbjuder branschunika arbetstider. Vidare visar resultatet att företaget är attraktivt av anledning att de erbjuder trygga anställningsförhållanden i en trivsam och säker arbetsmiljö. Dessutom erbjuds utvecklings- och karriärmöjligheter, tillfredställande kollegiala relationer och en familjär atmosfär. Resultatet visar även att arbetslivsbalansen och relationen till chefen är attribut som värderas, trots att dessa inte nämndes spontant av respondenterna. Studiens resultat påvisar även en skillnad mot tidigare forskning, att förmåner i form av lön inte har någon större påverkan på attraktiviteten så länge de basala behoven tillfredsställs. / The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the concept of employer brand and what is perceived as attractive in a manufacturing company in the countryside through an employee perspective. To achieve the purpose, a qualitative method choice with semistructured interviews has been used as a data collection method, where the interviews have been conducted with both chiefs and coworkers. In addition, the company's employee surveys generated a richer data material. The study contributes to the understanding that the employer brand concept can be used in a manufacturing company on the countryside. The result shows that the company is unique because it is one of few employers in the area and that they also have unique working hours. Furthermore, the company is attractive because of the secure employment conditions in a pleasant and safe work environment. In addition, the employer offers development and career opportunities, satisfactory relationship between colleagues and a familiar atmosphere. The results also show that the work life balance and relationship with the manager are attributes that are valued, even though these were not spontaneously mentioned by the respondents. This study also displays a distinction towards previous research that benefits in the form of pay have no major impact on attractiveness as long the basic needs are satisfied.

Com a intensificação e expansão da produção agrícola brasileira, seguidas da crescente preocupação ambiental, surge a necessidade da adoção de novas tecnologias para o monitoramento e avaliação em larga escala dos recursos naturais, em especial o solo. Nesse sentido a espectroscopia de reflectância, aliada as bibliotecas espectrais, atende estas expectativas por ser uma técnica eficiente, rápida, barata e não poluente, pois não usa reagentes e nem gera resíduos, porém sua aplicação nos solos tropicais brasileiros ainda é incipientes e carece de mais estudos. Sendo assim, o objetivo principal do trabalho foi comparar as informações espectrais obtidas por espectroscopia de reflectância nas faixas do visível, infravermelho próximo e, principalmente, no infravermelho médio com análises convencionais de solo a fim entender as relações existentes entre o comportamento espectral e os atributos físicos, químicos e mineralógicos dos solos estudados, ainda quantificar e caracterizar a variabilidade desses atributos e dos solos com base no comportamento espectral. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 1288 amostras de solo correspondentes a diferentes horizontes de 458 perfis da região central brasileira (GO, MS, MG e SP), sobre as quais foram procedidas análise granulométrica e química, para fins de levantamento de solos, e mineralógica. Os espectros VisNIR foram adquiridos com o sensor FieldSpec Pro, enquanto que espectros Mid-IR com o sensor Nicolet 6700 Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) e, após isso, os dados foram transformados com os seguintes préprocessamentos: remoção do espectro contínuo, absorbância e correção da linha base. As diferentes faixas espectrais também foram combinadas pela outer product analysis. A distribuição dos dados espectrais e a influência de cada atributo nos comportamentos espectrais dos solos foram avaliadas através de análises estatísticas multivariadas, tais como correlação multivariada, análise por componentes principais, seguidas das análises de agrupamento kmédias, para a avaliação entre amostras, e distância taxonômica, para avaliação entre perfis. A predição dos atributos dos solos com base nos dados espectrais foi determinada pelos algoritmos de regressão multivariada: mínimos quadrados parciais (PLSR), árvores de regressão ampliadas (BT) e máquina de vetor suporte (SVM); sendo que a qualidade das predições foi definida pelos R2, RMSE, RPD e RPIQ. O comportamento espectral das principais classes de solos tropicais brasileiros, em ambas as faixas espectrais, foi apresentado juntamente com as principais feições de absorção diagnosticadas (minerais 2:1, caulinita, óxidos de Fe e Al), assim como a contribuição de cada atributo do solo na variação dos espectros. Foi possível estabelecer a formação de grupos de solo com base no grau de intemperismo das amostras, enquanto que os perfis das principais classes de solos puderam ser discriminados com base na variação do comportamento espectral em profundidade. Grande parte dos atributos estudados pode ser quantificada nas duas faixas espectrais pelo menos com um nível de qualidade razoável (RPD > 1,40), sendo que o principal algoritmo de predição foi o SVM com os espectros em valores de absorbância. A espectroscopia de reflectância, principalmente na faixa Mid-IR, apresenta-se como uma tecnologia eficaz de alta potencialidade e aplicabilidade nas análises qualitativa e quantitativas dos solos, principalmente para fins de levantamento e mapeamento. / Considering the intensification and expansion of Brazilian agricultural production followed by the growing environmental concern, there is the necessity of adopting new technologies to monitor on a large scale the natural resources, in particular, the soil. In this sense, reflectance spectroscopy, integrated with spectral libraries, meets that expectation as an alternative for proximal soil sensing because its more efficient than other techniques being cheaper and faster than conventional analyses, besides, it doesnt produce waste. However, its application on Brazilian tropical soils is still incipient and needs more studies. The main aim of this research was to compare spectral information acquired by reflectance spectroscopy in the visible, near infrared and, mainly, in the mid infrared ranges with conventional soil analyses in order to understand the relationships among spectral behavior and physical, chemical, and mineralogical attributes of the studied soils, also, to quantify and characterize the variability of these attributes and soils based on their spectral behavior. For that, a dataset with 1288 soil samples referring to different horizons from 458 soil profiles from the central region of Brazil (States of Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais e São Paulo) was used, and convetional analyses (granulometric, chemical and mineralogical) for soil survey were applied over them. VisNIR reflectance data were acquired by the FiledSpec Pro sensor whereas Mid-IR spectral data were acquired by the Nicolet 6700 (FT-IR) sensor and, after that, both data were transformed by the following pre-processing: continuum removal, absorbance and baseline correction. The different spectral ranges were also combined by outer product analysis. The data distribution and the influence of each attribute on soil spectral behavior were evaluated by multivariate statistical analyses, such as, multivariate correlations, principal component analysis followed by k-means clustering, for assessment among soil samples, and by taxonomic distance, for assessment among soil profiles. Predictions of soil attributes based on spectral data were modeled by following multivariate regression algorithms: partial least square regression (PLSR), boosted regression trees (BT) and support vector machine (SVM) and quality of modeling were evaluated by R2, RMSE, RPD and RPIQ. Spectral behavior of the main soil classes, in both ranges, were showed along with the absorption features of the major tropical minerals (2:1 minerals, kaolinite, Fe and Al oxides), as well as, the contribution of each soil attribute on spectra variations. Sample clustering based on different weathering levels of soils was possible regarding differences in absorbance intensities and features whereas profiles of the main soil classes could be discriminated based on variation of spectral behavior in depth. Much of the studied attributes could be predicted in both spectral range at least in a reasonable level of quality (RPD > 1,40), and SVM was considered the principal prediction algorithm as well as absorbance transformation as the major pre-processing. Reflectance spectroscopy, especially in the Mid-IR range, shows up as a high potential technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis of Brazilian soils, in particular for soil survey or mapping.

El posicionamiento de un producto es un factor fundamental en el éxito de un nuevo producto, por lo cual su estrategia tiene que estar basada en el conocimiento del consumidor al que se dirige. Es por ello que la presente investigación está dirigida a conocer la principal estrategia de posicionamiento en relación al conocimiento de marca de la comida Barf en Strongly attached pet owner. Se planteó la aplicación de una investigación mixta, aplicando tanto un método cuantitativo como cualitativo con alcances exploratorios y correlacionales al público objetivo identificado, los cuales se fueron segmentados en un rango 25 a 35 años de edad en los distritos del sector 7 de Lima Metropolitana. En la fase cualitativa, se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad a expertos en posicionamiento de marcas y gerentes de productos Barf, asimismo se aplicó focus group. Finalmente, por el lado cualitativo se realizó una encuesta virtual a 160 personas con interés en la alimentación de su mascota y la comida Barf. El resultado de la investigación arrojó la relación de los tipos de posicionamiento de productos con el conocimiento de marca de los productos Barf, donde se evidencia que la estrategia de posicionamiento en base al beneficio es la efectiva para poder captar el conocimiento de marca para este nuevo alimento de mascotas. / The positioning of a product is a fundamental factor in the success of a new product, which is why its strategy must be based on the knowledge of the target consumer. That is why the present investigation is aimed at knowing the main strategy of positioning in relation to the brand knowledge of the Barf food in Strongly attached pet owner. The application of a mixed investigation was proposed, applying both a quantitative and qualitative method with exploratory and correlational scopes to the identified target public, which were segmented in a range of 25 to 35 years of age in the districts of sector 7 of Metropolitan Lima. In the qualitative phase, in-depth interviews were conducted with experts in brand positioning and Barf product managers, as well as focus group. Finally, on the qualitative side, a virtual survey was carried out on 160 people interested in feeding their pet and the Barf food. The application of a mixed investigation was proposed, applying both a quantitative and qualitative method with exploratory and correlational scopes to the identified target public, which were segmented in a range of 25 to 35 years of age in the districts of sector 7 of Metropolitan Lima. In the qualitative phase, in-depth interviews were conducted with experts in brand positioning and Barf product managers, as well as focus group. Finally, on the qualitative side, a virtual survey was conducted of 160 people with an interest in feeding their pet and the Barf food. The result of the investigation showed the relationship of the types of product positioning with the brand knowledge of the Barf products, where it is evident that the strategy of positioning based on the profit is the effective one to be able to capture the brand knowledge for this new pet food. / Trabajo de investigación