How consumers act during the buyers decision making process can change with age. How older consumers use modern technology in the buyers decision making process has however not been given a clear picture by researchers. Therefore the purpose of this study is to examine how older consumers use technology in the buyers decision making process and create a more nuanced picture of their usage. By using a qualitative method in the form of small-N-study and semi-structured interviews we have been able to answer our research questions. We have found that the technology i mainly used during the information gathering stage and the evaluation stage of the buyers decision making process, according to our respondents. From this we have been able to identify two seperate user types: Searcher-Stig and Evaluation-Ulla (Sökar-Stig och Utvärderar-Ulla). These two user types describe how older consumers mainly use technology in the buyers decision making process. / Hur konsumenter agerar i köpprocessen kan ändras med åldern. Hur äldre konsumenter sedan använder teknologin i köpprocessen är dock något som forskningen inte lyckats ge en fullständig bild kring. Därmed är syftet med denna studie att undersöka hur äldre konsumenter använder modern teknologi i köpprocessen för att skapa en mer nyanserad bild av äldre konsumenters användning av teknologi. Genom att använda oss av en kvalitativ metod i form av en små-N-studie och semi-strukturerade intervjuer har vi kunnat besvara våra frågor. Enligt våra respondenter så används mobilen främst under informationssökningsfasen och utvärderingsfasen av köpprocessen. Detta har lett till at vi kunnat ta fram två användartyper: Sökar-Stig och Utvärderar-Ulla, som skall beskriva äldre konsumenters användning av teknologi i köpprocessen.

Este trabalho versa sobre as principais tomadas de decisão efetuadas durante a elaboração de projetos estruturais de edifícios em alvenaria. Inicialmente são abrangidas definições a respeito de armação de paredes, modulação, técnicas construtivas e utilização de elementos pré-moldados. Apresentam-se ainda critérios para a concepção estrutural e procedimentos de determinação das ações atuantes, bem como sua distribuição ao longo do edifício. São fornecidas orientações para o dimensionamento dos elementos estruturais, fundamentadas na ABNT (NBR-10837). Baseado na teoria exposta, alguns exemplos são elaborados com a finalidade de direcionar as tomadas de decisão no sentido de garantir segurança e economia. / This work deals with the main decisions in structural masonry buildings design. At first, some definitions regarding reinforced masonry, modulation, construction techniques and use of precast concrete elements are discussed. In addition, some structural conception criteria and applied forces determination procedures, as well as forces distribution through out the building\'s height, are presented. Some orientations are given to structural elements design, according to brazilian code ABNT (NBR-10837). Based on the discussed theory, some examples are presented in order to direct the decision making process to assure safety and economy.

As primeiras agências reguladoras foram criadas a partir da segunda metade dos anos 1990, e a mais recente delas, em 2005. Com as agências surgiram também os atores privados regulados, os usuários e consumidores, e uma nova forma de interação entre os Poderes Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário. Esses atores participam e dão forma ao processo de aprendizagem institucional das agências. Passado o período de criação e após quase duas décadas de existência, é necessária uma visão crítica sobre as agências. Propõe-se, então, um método de avaliação regulatória a partir de três variáveis que serão decompostas em diversas subvariáveis (quesitos a serem respondidos objetivamente). A primeira variável, institucionalização, mede as regras aplicáveis à própria agência: características dos mandatos dos dirigentes, autonomia decisória, autonomia financeira e de gestão de pessoal. A segunda, procedimentalização, ocupa-se do processo de tomada de decisão da agência e de sua transparência. Ambas as variáveis procuram medir as agências do ponto de vista formal, a partir de normas aplicáveis (leis, decretos, resoluções, portarias etc.), e pela prática regulatória, com base nos fatos ocorridos demonstrados por meio de documentos oficiais (decretos de nomeação, decisões, relatórios de atividade das próprias agências etc.). A última variável, judicialização, aponta as várias vezes em que a decisão administrativa muda de status e o nível de confirmação dessas decisões pelo Poder Judiciário. O modelo teórico de avaliação das agências ora apresentado é aplicado e testado em três setores que são submetidos à regulação econômica e contam com forte presença de atores sociais e empresa estatal federal. Assim, as agências analisadas foram: Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica ANEEL, Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações ANATEL e Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil ANAC. Em termos gerais, não é possível garantir a existência de um isoformismo entre essas agências, nem mesmo entre agências criadas em momentos diferentes e por presidentes distintos. Também não foi possível demonstrar que a interferência política seja uma marca de um único governo. A ANATEL, a melhor avaliada das três agências, destaca-se pelo rigor de suas normas que seu processo decisório reflete. A ANEEL e a ANAC tiveram uma avaliação mediana já que apresentaram avaliação sofrível quanto ao processo, mas mostraram ter instituições (regras) um pouco melhores. / The first regulatory agencies were created from the second half of 1900s, and the lasted of them in 2005. With the agencies, emerged regulated private players, users and consumers, and a new approach of interaction between the Executive, Legislative and Judiciary. These actors take part and shape the institutional learning process of agencies. After the creation and over nearly two decades, a critical view is needed on agencies development. It is proposed, therefore, a method of evaluation based on three variables, which will be decomposed into several sub-variables (questions to be answered objectively). The first variable, institutionalization, looks into the rules to which the agency is submitted, as the mandates of the directors, autonomy to take decisions on its own, financial autonomy, and personnel management. The second variable, proceduralizing, deals with the agencys decision-making process and its transparency. Both variables seek to measure the agencies from a formal point of view, based on applicable rules (laws, decrees, resolutions, ordinances, etc.), and the regulatory practice, based on the facts officially documented (appointment decrees, decisions, reports issued by the agencies, etc.). The last sub-variable, judicialization, points out the several times the administrative decision changes status due to judicial review and the level of confirmation of such decisions by the Judiciary. The theoretical model of evaluation of agencies presented here is applied and tested in three sectors that are subject to economic regulation and have a strong presence of social actors and a federal state enterprise. Thus, the agencies analyzed were: Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency ANEEL, the Brazilian Telecommunications Agency ANATEL and the Brazilian Civil Aviation Agency ANAC. In general, one cannot assure there is an equal framework between these agencies, even among agencies created at different times and by different presidents. Nor was it possible to demonstrate that political interference is a mark of a single government. ANATEL, the best rated of the three agencies, stands out for the accuracy of its rules, which its decision-making process reflects. ANEEL and ANAC presented poorly assessment regarding the decision-making process, but proved to have institutions (rules) a little stronger.

Cette thèse a pour objectif d'interroger les surprenantes mises à l'agenda européen des politiques de conciliation emploi-famille depuis le milieu des années 1970. En utilisant le modèle des courants multiples développé par John Kingdon et adapté pour l'Union européenne par Nicole Herweg, cette thèse montre que les politiques de conciliation suivent des trajectoires tout sauf linéaire. Elle met en lumière l'importance de la maturité et de la stabilité des trois courants (le courant des problèmes, le courant des solutions et le courant politique) ainsi que le rôle de certains entrepreneurs politiques dans l'explication des mises à l'agenda politiques et décisionnels de ces politiques. Elle montre en outre que la malléabilité de l'objet lui-même participe pleinement à la compréhension de ses trajectoires européennes. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-05-02T17:58:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Deisi Luana Diel Weber_.pdf: 569327 bytes, checksum: 355337b56ffb691e0e6bd0005f05fc4d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T17:58:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Deisi Luana Diel Weber_.pdf: 569327 bytes, checksum: 355337b56ffb691e0e6bd0005f05fc4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-10 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / This research presents an investigation about the decision-making process regarding Make or Buy, trying to understand which variables most influence this decision to insource some activities, to outsource others, or to better estimate a percentage to combine both. The dependent variable on our research is the behavioral decision-making process, measuring the influence received by cost, quality, and monitoring. Trying to understand if differences between these independent variables influence how managers make their decision in the context of insource or outsource production. In order to test this model empirically, an experiment research was conducted, on the basis of eight different scenarios, which simulate a purchasing decision situation ranging the variables costs, quality, and monitoring of suppliers between High and Low, to understand the relationship of these constructs with the decision-making process of Brazilian managers. It was performed with a sample of 211 students from the Production Engineer course at Universidade do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos). The data was analyzed using statistical technique ANOVA. The results demonstrate that managers consider cost variation to decide about how much to internalize and how much to outsource. They change their choices when quality is higher in their suppliers than inside the company. They also evaluate manager capability to control costs over their suppliers and on their process inside the company. However, they do not change their sourcing decision due to supplier’s monitoring variation, neither when quality monitoring is considered. This issue was already addressed in Hall’s study (2012) conducted in the United States. Thus, we decided to replicate his in Brazil in order to check if in a different environment, with other economic, politic, social, and regulatory situation, the manager will change their decisions. Nevertheless, after comparing both studies, we realize that the same hypothesis was supported in both studies, what means that even in another context the same variables are considered to base managers sourcing decision.

Este trabalho consiste de um portfólio de composição documentado com partituras e gravações, e de um memorial que apresenta uma autoanálise do processo de tomada de decisões empreendido na composição da obra Duo para Flauta e Piano. Apoiado na delimitação de autoanálise conceituada por Donin (2015c), e nas definições de Chaves (2010) que explicam a composição musical como um processo de tomada de decisões em três territórios, objetivou-se investigar os traços decisórios contidos no dossiê genético da obra autoanalisada, que incluiu também documentos relativos a outros processos, para identificar decorrências decisórias e aspectos da dinâmica de idas e vindas do processo composicional. O dossiê genético, com seus traços diretos e indiretos, foi autoanalisado a partir de uma metodologia que combina os pressupostos da crítica genética com estudos sobre a atividade cognitiva do compositor durante o processo composicional. Neste sentido, a autoanálise foi realizada a partir da investigação específica do processo de tomada de decisões, em cada um dos seus três territórios: ideológico, estético e pontual. Assim, foi possível constatar aspectos relevantes do estilo decisório individual deste compositor, bem como observar e refletir sobre processos de recomposição e replanejamento, que se referem também a questões gerais envolvendo a composição musical e seus desafios. / This thesis consists of a portfolio of compositions and a self-analysis of the decision-making process in the composition of Duo para Flauta e Piano [Duo for Flute and Piano]. The concept of self-analysis in music composition is taken from Donin (2015c), and the concept of music composition as a decision-making process is based on Chaves (2010). The main goal of the thesis is the investigation of decision-making features as featured by direct and indirect traces. These traces are comprised in the genetic dossier of the Duo. The methodology of the thesis is referential to genetic criticism in its approach to the cognitive activity of the composer during the compositional process. In the course of this thesis, it became possible to verify relevant aspects of individual decision-making processes in the work of this composer, which also refer to broader issues of music composition and its challenges.

Over the last two decades, US corporate governance has witnessed a significant increase in the incidence and influence of shareholder activism. Shareholder activism, however, has been found to be inconsistent with US corporate governance which is framed within director primacy theory. In this theory, the board is able to carry out a unique combination of managerial and monitoring roles effectively, and shareholders are only capital providers to companies. Shareholder activism is normatively found inimical to effective and efficient decision-making, i.e. the board's authority, and to the long-term interests of public companies. The increasing willingness of institutional shareholders to participate into the decision-making processes of their portfolio companies is at odds with US corporate governance. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to examine whether director primacy theory should be softened to accommodate greater shareholder activism in US corporate governance. This thesis presents an analysis of the legal rules that reflect director primacy theory. In this respect, US shareholders have traditionally had limited participatory power. The way in which the courts perceived the board's authority also stymied shareholder participation. This thesis considers not only legal and regulatory developments in the wake of the 2007-2008 financial crisis, but also the governance developments through by-law amendments which could potentially make an overall change in the balance of power between shareholders and the board. Shareholders are slowly moving to the centre of corporate governance in the US. History has shown that the board of directors often failed to prevent manager-induced corporate governance failures. This thesis argues that shareholder activism is necessary for improving the web of monitoring mechanisms and for a well-functioning director primacy model. Shareholder activism forces the board to more critical about management, which is a prerequisite for the director primacy model. Therefore, this thesis argues that shareholder activism should therefore be accommodated into US corporate governance. The proposed approach addresses accountability problems more effectively than the current director primacy model while recognising the board authority and enhances decision-making processes of public companies. In this regard, it makes several recommendations to soften the current director primacy model: establishing a level playing for private ordering, adopting the proxy access default regime, the majority voting rule, the universal proxy rules, and enhancing the disclosure requirements of shareholders. The present research also demonstrates that contemporary shareholder activism involves many complexities. It contains different types of shareholder activism, which differ by objectives, tools, and motives. It could be used for purely financial purposes or non-financial purposes or both. Furthermore, the concept of stewardship has been developed to address public interest concerns, namely short-termism in the market and pressures by activist funds through shareholder activism. In this way, this thesis develops a complete positive theory about shareholder activism rather than focussing on a specific type of activism. This complete analytical framework constitutes more reliable basis to draw normative conclusions rather than focussing on a particular type of activism.

As primeiras agências reguladoras foram criadas a partir da segunda metade dos anos 1990, e a mais recente delas, em 2005. Com as agências surgiram também os atores privados regulados, os usuários e consumidores, e uma nova forma de interação entre os Poderes Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário. Esses atores participam e dão forma ao processo de aprendizagem institucional das agências. Passado o período de criação e após quase duas décadas de existência, é necessária uma visão crítica sobre as agências. Propõe-se, então, um método de avaliação regulatória a partir de três variáveis que serão decompostas em diversas subvariáveis (quesitos a serem respondidos objetivamente). A primeira variável, institucionalização, mede as regras aplicáveis à própria agência: características dos mandatos dos dirigentes, autonomia decisória, autonomia financeira e de gestão de pessoal. A segunda, procedimentalização, ocupa-se do processo de tomada de decisão da agência e de sua transparência. Ambas as variáveis procuram medir as agências do ponto de vista formal, a partir de normas aplicáveis (leis, decretos, resoluções, portarias etc.), e pela prática regulatória, com base nos fatos ocorridos demonstrados por meio de documentos oficiais (decretos de nomeação, decisões, relatórios de atividade das próprias agências etc.). A última variável, judicialização, aponta as várias vezes em que a decisão administrativa muda de status e o nível de confirmação dessas decisões pelo Poder Judiciário. O modelo teórico de avaliação das agências ora apresentado é aplicado e testado em três setores que são submetidos à regulação econômica e contam com forte presença de atores sociais e empresa estatal federal. Assim, as agências analisadas foram: Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica ANEEL, Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações ANATEL e Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil ANAC. Em termos gerais, não é possível garantir a existência de um isoformismo entre essas agências, nem mesmo entre agências criadas em momentos diferentes e por presidentes distintos. Também não foi possível demonstrar que a interferência política seja uma marca de um único governo. A ANATEL, a melhor avaliada das três agências, destaca-se pelo rigor de suas normas que seu processo decisório reflete. A ANEEL e a ANAC tiveram uma avaliação mediana já que apresentaram avaliação sofrível quanto ao processo, mas mostraram ter instituições (regras) um pouco melhores. / The first regulatory agencies were created from the second half of 1900s, and the lasted of them in 2005. With the agencies, emerged regulated private players, users and consumers, and a new approach of interaction between the Executive, Legislative and Judiciary. These actors take part and shape the institutional learning process of agencies. After the creation and over nearly two decades, a critical view is needed on agencies development. It is proposed, therefore, a method of evaluation based on three variables, which will be decomposed into several sub-variables (questions to be answered objectively). The first variable, institutionalization, looks into the rules to which the agency is submitted, as the mandates of the directors, autonomy to take decisions on its own, financial autonomy, and personnel management. The second variable, proceduralizing, deals with the agencys decision-making process and its transparency. Both variables seek to measure the agencies from a formal point of view, based on applicable rules (laws, decrees, resolutions, ordinances, etc.), and the regulatory practice, based on the facts officially documented (appointment decrees, decisions, reports issued by the agencies, etc.). The last sub-variable, judicialization, points out the several times the administrative decision changes status due to judicial review and the level of confirmation of such decisions by the Judiciary. The theoretical model of evaluation of agencies presented here is applied and tested in three sectors that are subject to economic regulation and have a strong presence of social actors and a federal state enterprise. Thus, the agencies analyzed were: Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency ANEEL, the Brazilian Telecommunications Agency ANATEL and the Brazilian Civil Aviation Agency ANAC. In general, one cannot assure there is an equal framework between these agencies, even among agencies created at different times and by different presidents. Nor was it possible to demonstrate that political interference is a mark of a single government. ANATEL, the best rated of the three agencies, stands out for the accuracy of its rules, which its decision-making process reflects. ANEEL and ANAC presented poorly assessment regarding the decision-making process, but proved to have institutions (rules) a little stronger.

A busca pela realização dos Jogos Olímpicos parece ter conduzido e orientado as principais determinações da política urbana do município do Rio de Janeiro nos últimos anos. Ao finalmente conquistar a oportunidade de sediar o megaevento esportivo, esse tem sido utilizado como instrumento para se colocar em prática e legitimar um processo de (re)ordenação do território, através de grandes intervenções urbanas, com aporte de recursos públicos de todos os níveis governamentais. O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar e discutir as propostas territoriais do Plano Olímpico \"Rio 2016\", em primeiro lugar, através da investigação sobre sua relação com os instrumentos de planejamento e política urbana do município - Plano Diretor e Plano Estratégico -, considerando que o mesmo não advém de um processo democrático, não se sabendo nem mesmo onde, quando e por quem foi formulado. Segundo, pela reconstituição do processo que lhe deu origem, por meio de uma análise detida dos documentos oficiais e entrevistas realizadas com atores envolvidos, à luz da conjuntura político-administrativa carioca, na tentativa de identificar os sujeitos e interesses relacionados, principalmente à escolha locacional da Barra da Tijuca como região que concentrará a maior parte das instalações olímpicas e consequentemente dos investimentos. E por fim, abordando as intervenções que estão em andamento, os impactos e conflitos delas decorrentes, bem como as principais alterações já realizadas no Plano Olímpico original, procurando sempre apontar processos através dos quais decisões urbanísticas estruturadoras passam ao largo dos mecanismos formais-institucionais e os efeitos decorrentes deste modelo de ação sobre o território carioca. / The bid for Olympic Games have oriented then urban policies the city of Rio de Janeiro in the last 20 years. When finally Rio got the opportunity to host the megaevent, it has been used as an instrument to put in practice and legitimize a process of (re)ordering of the territory through major urban interventions, mobilizing investments of public resources of all levels of government. This work aims to analyze and discuss the \"Rio 2016\" Olympic Plan\'s territorial proposals, focusing its relationship with local instruments of planning and urban policy - Master Plan and Strategic Plan - considering that the proposals did not emerged from a democratic process, being even unknown, when and by whom it was defined. Second, the work also reconstiturs the decision making process, through a careful analysis of official documents and interviews with key actors, in an attempt to identify the subjects and interests related to the locational choice of Barra da Tijuca - the region which will concentrate most of the Olympic facilities and hence investment. Finally, we address the process of implementation of the Olympic plans, its impacts and then conflicts arising from them, as well as major changes already made in the original Olympic Plan, identifying processes by which urban decisions pass by the formal-institutional mechanisms and the effects of this intervention model on the territory of Rio.

<p>Problem: Online yacht booking market is now very competitive market. There are many</p><p>yacht online companies in the market. Therefore, it is critical for yacht online</p><p>companies to understand customers’ needs and to know what the selection</p><p>criteria are that customers use to book yacht online. As rental yacht sales agents</p><p>are mostly virtual companies, which mainly use Internet to reach target</p><p>customers and conduct most of the purchase process. Therefore, one question</p><p>that need to be researched is how important is the website for the rental yacht</p><p>sales agent when it comes to getting new customers and keeping the old ones?</p><p>Purpose:  The purpose of the study is to find out what the selection criteria which</p><p>customers use to evaluate when booking yacht online are.</p><p>Method: This study is primarily based on qualitative research by using in-depth interview</p><p>method. Customer decision making process is applied in order to suit with the</p><p>topic. The data collection came from two sources, primary and secondary data.</p><p>Conclusion: The important selection criteria for new customers are websites containing</p><p>necessary information which mentioned by the interviewees during the</p><p>interview, word of mouth of the company and services from the company and its</p><p>sale staff. These three selection criteria have huge effect on new customers in</p><p>order to book yacht online. For the experienced customers, there are two selection</p><p>criteria which are considered as the most important criteria which are services</p><p>from the company and its sale staff and website containing necessary information.</p>