This diploma thesis deals with the determination of aroma volatile compounds in elderberry. The theoretical part describes the botanical characteristics of elderberry, the incidence and the other known species. Further, this work is focused on the chemical composition of elderberry, there are described in detail the content substances and briefly mentioned are medicinal effects of elderberry. Another theoretical part describes the natural processing of this significant plant and technological production of fruit juices. The second half of the theoretical part deals with the method of determining aroma volatile compounds by gas chromatography in combination with SPME technique, which is suitable for identification of aroma substances. In the experimental part of this diploma thesis SPME-GC method was applied to some samples of elderberry and aroma volatile compounds of individual samples of elderberry were determined.

Orientador: Sebastião Gobbi / Banca: Edison Duarte / Banca: Orestes Forlenza / Resumo: Acompanhando a tendência mundial de envelhecimento populacional, a população idosa brasileira também tem aumentado. As consequências do envelhecimento da mundial são importantes sob o ponto de vista social, da saúde e de políticas publicas. O processo de envelhecimento promove uma redução das reservas de vários sistemas orgânicos. Esses sistemas ficam mais vulneráveis, tornando as pessoas idosas mais suscetíveis ao aparecimento de doenças, diminuindo a independência das mesmas. Intervenções não farmacológicas que promovam a manutenção ou até a melhora das funções físicas e cognitivas dos idosos têm sido alvo de muitos estudos. Por isso o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os efeitos da prática do Square Stepping Exercise (SSE) na capacidade funcional e funções cognitivas de pessoas idosas. Para tal foram selecionados 86 idosos (60 anos ou mais), subdivididos em 4 grupos: GSSE(praticavam apenas as sequências do SSE, n=21), GSSE+EB (praticavam as sequências do SSE e exercícios básicos, n=25), GEB (praticavam exercícios básicos, n=20), e controle (n=20). Esta pesquisa apresentou delineamento longitudinal, com duração de 4 meses E as sessões de treinamento aconteceram 3x/semana, com duração de 40 minutos cada. Todos foram avaliados cognitivamente antes e depois dos 4 meses de intervenção através do Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Teste de Atenção Concentrada Tolouse-Pierón, teste Dígitos Direto e Indireto, Teste Modificado de Classificação de Cartas (TMCC), e foram avaliados motoramente através da bateria de testes AAHPERD, Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg (EEFB) e Timed Up and Go TUG). Os dados paramétricos foram analisados utilizando ANOVA One Way e Anova Two Way, e os não paramétricos através do... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The world is aging, so is Brazil, where the elderly population has also increased. The consequences of world population aging are important from the social, health and public policy point of view. Aging process promotes a depletion of many organ systems. These systems are more vulnerable, which makes old people more susceptible to disease onset, reducing their independence. Non-pharmacological interventions that promote the maintenance or even improvement of cognition and functional fitness in elderly have been the subject of many studies. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of the practice of Square Stepping Exercise (SSE) on cognition and functional fitness of older people. There were selected 86 elderly (60 years old or more), divided into four groups: GSSE (who practiced only the sequences of the SSE, n=21), GSSE+EB (who practiced SSE sequences and basic exercises, n=25), GEB (who practiced basic exercises n=20) and control (n=20). The training lasted 4 months, with 40 minutes and 3x/week sessions. All participants were cognitively evaluated before and after 4 months of intervention using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Toulouse-Pierón Attention test, Digit Span, Modified Sorting Card test (TMCC). In addition, motor skills were evaluated through the battery of tests AAHPERD, Berg Balance Scale (EEFB) and Timed Up and Go (TUG). The parametric data was analyzed using One Way Anova and Two Way ANOVA, and the for nonparametric data was used U-Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. The significance level adopted was p<0.05. The U-Mann Whitney and One way Anova tests showed that the groups were equal in all the variables at baseline. The results showed that the three groups that received some... (Complete abstract click electronic access) / Mestre

Student. understanding and use of tobacco was studied under the following specific areas: specific knowledge as it relates to smoking and health; student opinions and attitudes toward smoking; smoking experience; and the influence of certain factors on smoking status. About 1155 students were sampled with the use of a questionnaire. It was found that there was no significant difference in the scores of boys and girls. The senior high students were better informed than the ninth grade or junior high students. The majority (81 percent) of all students surveyed were of the opinion that the pleasure derived from smoking was not worth the price a person has to pay in terms of health and expense. Five percent of the students indicated that their mothers smoked, and 69 percent indicated that their parents did not approve of their smoking. There were 6 percent of the students who smoked regularly (at least once a week) with another 34 percent smoking occasionally. The ninth grade percentage wise, smoke heavier (one-half pack or more daily) than any of the other groups.

A follow-up study, involving students, parents, and teachers that participated in two types of summer home economics programs in Box Elder County during the summer of 1979, was conducted during August, 1979 to collect data relative to the following objectives: (1) to obtain demographic data as to age, sex, and participation in the program; (2) to obtain the subjects feelings about the program; and (3) to gather opinions and suggestions from the respondents about the programs. Analysis of the data revealed (1) there were more students enrolled in the In-School program than the Home-Visit program. There were more females than males enrolled in the In-School program; more mothers than fathers responded and all teachers returned their questionnaires; (2) there was a high level of interest shown in both programs and (3) suggestions were given to improve the program for another year.

Meat is important in the American diet. Money spent for meat ranks as the largest single item in the family food dollar. Various studies indicate that the proportion of the food dollar spent for meat ranges from 25 to 30 percent. Such foods as dairy products and fresh and frozen fruits and vegetables calculated as separate groups account for a smaller single percentage than meat. Dairy products, the one of next importance to meat, account for approximately 18 percent of the consumer's food dollar.

Det äldrepedagogiska arbetet kan se olika ut, beroende på var äldrepedagogen arbetar någonstans och vad äldrepedagogen har för resurser. Genom att studera det äldrepedagogiska arbetet vill vi ta reda på hur det kan se ut i kommunerna. För att få grepp om äldrepedagogiken och det äldrepedagogiska förhållningssättet har vi intervjuat chefer som har äldrepedagoger anställda i sin verksamhet. Vi vill ta reda på vad de chefer som har anställt äldrepedagoger har för tankar om äldrepedagogik och äldrepedagoger både innan och efter att de anställt äldrepedagoger. Vi har också intervjuat personer som arbetar som äldrepedagoger och undersköterskor för att se skillnader i synsätt. För oss är det viktigt att det äldrepedagogiska förhållningssättet synliggörs. En äldrepedagog kan arbeta på många olika sätt och därför tycker vi att det är intressant att titta närmare på äldrepedagogiken. Ett äldrepedagogiskt arbete kan t ex vara att leda personal men det kan också vara att leda äldre på olika sätt. Arbetssätten kan därför vara vitt skilda från varandra. Vår uppfattning är att det finns en positiv inställning till äldrepedagogiskt arbete och att den anses vara en viktig del i arbetet med äldre. Dock upplever vi att etableringen inte har fått den genomslagskraft som skulle vara önskvärd. / The elderpedagogy work can vary, depending on where the elderpedagogue is working and what resources the elderpedagogue has at his or her disposal. By studying the elderpedagoguywork, we want to find out how the work might appear in the municipalities. In order to get a grip on the elderpedagogy and the pedagogical approach of the elderly we conducted interviews with managers who have had elderpedagogues employed within their staff. We want to find out what managers, who have hired elderpedagogues, think about elderpedagogy and elderpedagogues both before and after they hired elderpedagogues. We have also interviewed people working as elderpedagogues and nurses to see the differences in approach. For us, it is important that the elderpedagogy approach is made visible. An elderpedagogue can work in many different ways and therefore we think it is interesting to look more closely at the elderpedagogy. The elderpedagogywork can, for instance, consist in supervision of personnel but can also mean the direct guiding of elderly people in different ways. The various approaches can because of this vary greatly. Our view is that there is a positive attitude towards elderpedagogoues’ work effort and that elderpedagogy is considered to be an important part in the work with elderly people. However, we feel that the implementation in the community have not had the impact that would be the desired.

Excerpt: The focus of this paper is 1)to provide an overview and brief analysis of the current status of rural communities, rural elder health, policy, and practice, and further 2)to suggest guidance/recommendations for future policy based on a systems approach which incorporates sustainability, best practice, quality, efficiency, effectiveness, with a conceptual basis for care within the context of people and place which constitutes rural America.

The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of rural community-dwelling older adults with heart failure who required assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental ADLs (IADLs). The context of the study was a rural area in a southern U.S. state. Twenty older adults with ADL/IADL needs living in the rural area were recruited during hospitalization and interviewed in their homes after discharge. The semi-structured interview focused on ADLs/IADLs and community resources. This qualitative descriptive study used hermeneutic methods for analysis. Four themes were identified: Accepting Limitations, Disappointments and Unmet Expectations, Figure It Out, and Complex Connections. The findings indicate that despite the older adults’ medical conditions, they were able to set up complex arrangements, which allowed them to remain in their homes. Understanding the help older adults require after discharge will assist nurses in developing programs that are available, accessible, and acceptable to older adults who live in rural areas.

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No description available.