Thesis examines ethical problems and dilemmas encountered by social workers at AKORD social welfare institution for persons with mental and combined disabilities. First part contains definitions of mental disability, combined disabilities; reports on social services and introduces AKORD social welfare institution. Principal part of the thesis defines five ethical problems and dilemmas and presents research results. Following part focuses on solving ethically difficult situations and application of ethical theories on example of ethical problem. Final chapter summarizes new findings and recommended solutions.

The thesis deals with the topic of ethical dilemmas of social workers who meet the victims of domestic violence in their practice. The thesis is theoretical in nature, supplemented with research. The first chapter is devoted to the topic of domestic violence, it especially describes specifics of social work with the target group and points to the possible causes of formation of the dilemmas when working with clients. The second part of the diploma theses shortly defines the concept of ethical dilemma and its place in the social work practise. There are also mentioned examples of possible dilemmas in social work. In this part the final theses draws particularly from the authors L. Musil, S. Banks, D. Nedělníková and M. Nečasová. Major part of the second chapter occupies with concrete ethical dilemmas that relate to social work with victims of domestic violence and with their detailed description. The ethic dilemmas were identified on the basis of research made with eight social workers. A semi-structured interview completed by observation was chosen as the method. The last chapter introduces the ethical theories of deontology, utilitarianism and care ethics. It points to the importance and benefit of ethical theories for practise of social work in general and for social workers themselves. Two chosen ethical dilemmas, identified on the basis of research, are reflected from a position of ethical approaches mentioned above.

First two captures of the dissertation´s theoretical part deals with socially- juridical children protection in Czech Republic. Closer look into the history, legislative moorage and scheduler task safeguard. The separated area is devoted to operational workers in socially-juridical children protection of the Civil Service system. Third chapter offers brief look into ethical subject in social - work. Attention is especially devoted to ethical propositions and ethical dilemmas. Practical part contains presentation of a questionnaire survey from Council of the Pilsner region, where socially-jurisprudent workers took part in. Its target was to discover what role plays ethical aspects in activities of these social workers. Investigation should bring an answer for the question if ethical aspects are consider to be important for socially-juridical operational workers and if operational workers uses them and are methodically dedicated to them and if not, what it could be the cause.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:51:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaPRL_TESE.pdf: 1398783 bytes, checksum: a39a285b2b65a0e25d04622cb65d8880 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-17 / Ethics on scientific research is approached and often discussed in several areas of knowledge connected to health. In the Administration area there are very few studies which approach the topic of ethics on research. The present paper tried to fill in this gap in the production of knowledge about the topic, investigating how the ethical principles found in the literature and in the codes of conduct are noticed and taken into account in Administration research activities developed by acting researchers in Administration Post Graduation Programs. Theoretically speaking, the study was based mainly on the approaches by Creswell (2007) and Bell and Bryman (2007), which discuss the research ethical principles. Methodologically speaking it was all about an exploratory kind of study, with qualitative research approach. Upon data collection, personal interviews were made aiming at its depth and focus groups were formed. The first stage had interviews with four experienced researchers who took part on a teaching and researching event and on the second stage we used the focus group technique. The focus groups were done in four college institutions along with the post graduation programs in Administration in the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Para?ba and Pernambuco, in Brazil. The results suggest the existence of general principles and parameters for the scientific research recommended in the literature and on official resolution. However, in the Administration area, there are only a few recommendations of good practices when it comes to submitting articles for scientific publications but we found no guidance with ethical principles and parameters which cover all the activities in the scientific research and which specifically meet the research particularities in Administration. The main ethical dilemma pointed by the researchers refers to ethical questions which arise at the time of data collection and on disclosing the results. Most researchers do not know the guidelines and the ethical norms on ethics about research that we have in our country neither do they send in their projects to the research ethics committee. When dilemma arises, they decide the ethical question based on their values and common sense. These elements confirm the thesis that the researcher s procedure in the research activities in Administration is predominantly signed by personal values or by common sense and less by ethical principles, whether by not knowing the normative instruments related to ethics or by disagreeing with any disciplining rules on ethical behavior in the research / A ?tica na pesquisa cient?fica ? um tema abordado e muito discutido em diversas ?reas do conhecimento ligadas ? sa?de. Na ?rea da Administra??o, s?o raros os estudos que abordam o tema da ?tica na pesquisa. O presente estudo buscou preencher esta lacuna na produ??o do conhecimento sobre o tema, investigando como os princ?pios ?ticos encontrados na literatura e nos c?digos de conduta s?o percebidos e considerados nas atividades de pesquisa em Administra??o, desenvolvidas por pesquisadores atuantes em Programas de P?s-Gradua??o em Administra??o. Teoricamente, o estudo apoiou-se principalmente nas abordagens de Creswell (2007) e Bell e Bryman (2007), que discutem os princ?pios ?ticos na pesquisa. Metodologicamente, tratou-se de um estudo de car?ter explorat?rio, com abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa. Na coleta de dados foram feitas entrevistas pessoais e em profundidade e formados grupos focais. Na primeira etapa, foram realizadas entrevistas com quatro pesquisadores experientes, participantes de um evento de ensino e pesquisa e na segunda etapa, foi adotada a t?cnica de grupo focal. Os grupos focais foram realizados em quatro institui??es de ensino superior junto aos Programas de P?s-Gradua??o em Administra??o nos Estados do Rio Grande do Norte, Para?ba e Pernambuco. Os resultados apontam para a exist?ncia de princ?pios gerais para a pesquisa cient?fica propostos na literatura e em resolu??o oficial. Por?m, na ?rea da Administra??o existem apenas recomenda??es de boas pr?ticas no tocante ? submiss?o de artigos para publica??es cient?ficas, mas n?o foram encontradas orienta??es com princ?pios ?ticos que englobem todas as atividades da pesquisa cient?fica e que atendam especificamente ?s particularidades das pesquisas em Administra??o. Os principais dilemas ?ticos, apontados pelos pesquisados se referem ?s quest?es ?ticas que surgem nas fases da coleta dos dados e na divulga??o dos resultados. A maioria dos pesquisados n?o conhecem as diretrizes e as normas sobre ?tica na pesquisa existentes no pa?s e nem enviam seus projetos aos comit?s de ?tica na pesquisa. Em caso de dilemas, decidem a quest?o ?tica com base nos seus valores e senso comum. Estes elementos confirmam a tese de que a conduta do pesquisador nas atividades de pesquisa em Administra??o ? predominantemente balizada por valores pessoais ou pelo senso comum e menos por princ?pios ?ticos, seja pelo desconhecimento de instrumentos normativos relacionados ? ?tica, como tamb?m pela discord?ncia com quaisquer regras de disciplinamento sobre conduta ?tica na pesquisa

Pharmaceutical advertising involves the advertising of medicines, medical devices, and healthcare services. A review of available international literature indicates the belief that pharmaceutical advertisements negatively affect healthcare decisions made by consumers. Very little research has been conducted to determine how consumers in South Africa (SA) are affected by pharmaceutical advertisements. This study aimed to determine how consumers in the Nelson Mandela Metropole (NMM) perceive pharmaceutical advertisements. More specific objectives included the investigation of legislation in SA employed in pharmaceutical advertisements, the interpretation and misinterpretation of the advertisements, and the identification of problematic areas in this form of advertising. South African legislation applied to pharmaceutical advertisements was investigated by means of a literature review. A qualitative research design was also used to achieve the aim and objectives. This included a focus group consisting of six randomly selected participants in the NMM. A consumer survey, consisting of a 100 consumers obtained from 10 randomly selected community pharmacies within the NMM, supported the findings of the qualitative techniques. The themes identified in the focus group were incorporated into a questionnaire used in the consumer survey. Three randomly selected pharmaceutical advertisements were also decoded to interpret the components employed in each. The results determined that pharmaceutical advertising is a marketing tool that incorporates various emotional and psychological techniques to persuade consumers. It was also evident that consumers can misinterpret pharmaceutical advertisements. Various legal and ethical problems were identified in pharmaceutical advertisements. These results showed that pharmaceutical advertisements have the possibility of negatively affecting consumers’ healthcare decisions and warrants further investigation.

In order to illustrate why museums are frequently sites of conflict and mediation, this dissertation examines the complex conditions under which knowledge is produced and disseminated at three Canadian museums. Approaching museums as social arenas or contact zones, the dissertation exposes power struggles in museums and dislodges a whole set of assumptions about what museums are and how they function. For the study I selected the following museums with anthropological mandates: MacBride Museum (Whitehorse), Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre (Yellowknife), and Vancouver Museum (Vancouver). The three museums were chosen because their geographical proximity to large communities of Aboriginal Peoples enabled an exploration of the changing relationships between them. Historically, museums have held the power to classify and define Aboriginal Peoples. Relatively recently, however Aboriginal Peoples have in various ways (by imposing constraints on how they and their cultures are exhibited, and through land claims and repatriation requests) been challenging their historic relationships with museums. In chapter one I discuss my objectives, methodology, and the work of those scholars who shaped this dissertation. Chapter two explores the invention of museums in the western world and begins linking the three Canadian museums with knowledge and power. In chapters three, four, and five I portray the mobility and productivity of three museums (MacBride Museum, PWNHC, and Vancouver Museum) in three distinct regions of Canada. I illustrate their ability to articulate identity, power, and tradition as well as the role they perform in the social organization of power relations. Each chapter begins with a description of the historical roots of power relations at each institution. This leads into a discussion of each museum's present system of authority: the state, governing bodies, professional staff and, increasingly, Aboriginal representatives. In the process I reveal some of the political pressures, institutional hierarchies, and personal conflicts that shape knowledge within these institutions. Chapter six is a review and critical analysis of systems of authority of the three museums and the challenges presented by Aboriginal Peoples. I conclude with the issues raised at the outset, which continue to confront the Canadian museum community, issues of inclusion and the limitations of cross-cultural translation, repatriation, and representation. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

To illustrate the intersection of ethical language and ethical frameworks within technical communication, this dissertation analyzes the history and documentation of the human radiation experiments of the 1940s through the 1970s. Research propositions included clarifying the link between medical documentation and technical communication by reviewing the literature that links the two disciplines from the ancient period to the present; establishing an appropriate historiography for the human radiation experiments by providing a context of the military, political, medical, and rhetorical milieu of the 1940s to the 1970s; closely examining and analyzing actual human radiation experiment documentation, including proposals, letters, memos, and consent forms, looking for established rhetorical constructions that indicate a document adheres to or diverts from specific ethical frameworks; and suggesting the importance of the human radiation documents for studying ethics in technical communication. Close rhetorical analysis of the documents included with this project reveals consistent patterns of metadiscourse, passive and nominal writing styles, and other rhetorical constructions, including negative language, redundancies, hedges, and intensifiers, that could lead a reader to misunderstand the writer's original ethical purpose. Ultimately this project finds that technical communicators cannot classify language itself as ethical or unethical; the language is simply the framework with which the experimenters construct their arguments and communicate their work. Technical communicators can, however, consider the ethical nature of behavior according to specific ethical frameworks and determine whether language contributes to the behavior.

While the stakeholders’ awareness about how companies act sustainably has increased, the business code has gained greater importance. With a functioning business code in a company, it can help guide the behavior of its employees to maintain an ethical company culture. In the study, the companies’ implementation of the business code in the employees’ daily work based on ethical core values, a formal ethics program and ethical leadership has been examined. As previous research in the field deals with whether there is a business code or not, and whether it has an effect on the employees, it is therefore interesting to investigate in this study how the business code is actually implemented in daily operations and whether companies make full use of the business code.  In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the study has targeted larger companies with a clearly designed business code. The data collection consists of 10 interviews with respondents who are familiar with the business code. The theory consists of previous research in CSR and about which approach is required to implement the business code in daily work. Research in ethical core values, a formal ethics program and ethical leadership are also mentioned.  The result of this study shows that more emphasis is placed on the ethical core values and ethical leadership and that the business code is overshadowed. On the other hand, the business code is included indirectly in the employees’ daily with through everyday communication around the ethical core values and a value-driven leadership. The study also contributes to an understanding of how the three different areas complement each other and highlights the area’s complexity.

A question addressed in this study is; how are identities of children constructed using narratives and photographs in humanitarian discourse? This study is a sociological exposition of ethical issues that arise from representations of children within humanitarian discourse. Humanitarian discourse is treated as a special type of cultural representation. This discourse entails uses of a special form of language that constructs represents and portrays stereotypical identities of children. Such cultural representation illustrates how children’s identities are socially constructed realities. Constructions of realities of children are shaped, influenced and ‘controlled’ by intentions of humanitarian professionals as social actors. Humanitarian professionals’ actions as agents are also located within socio-cultural structures and contexts that give rise to the humanitarian discourse. This means reality is not ‘unified’ but a product of intentional and conscious inter-subjective human actions in specific contexts. Such is an assumption of phenomenological sociological theory that situates this study. This assumption also influenced qualitative research methods of this study. Qualitative methods emphasise the significance of individual perceptions and interpretations when analysing social issues. Identified ethical issues arise from practical program situations causing humanitarian professionals to collect children’s narratives and photographs in the first instance. Those situations include; conducting child focused researches, designing children’s programs, writing child rights advocacy articles and policy briefs, marketing children’s issues, media publishing, writing project proposals, monitoring and evaluating projects. Ethical issues that arise from the above include; violations of children’s privacies, lack of informed consent to collect and use children’s narratives and photographs, uses of enticements to induce information from children, disclosures of sensitive data, exaggerations, sensationalising and manipulations of children’s identities. Based on study findings, knowledge or academic contribution situated within phenomenological sociology is proposed. The study’s knowledge contribution is that constructions of children’s identities reveal how perceptions and interpretations of identities create socially determined realities within humanitarian discourse. / Sociology / D. Phil. (Sociology)

The gap between ethical purchase intentions and ethical purchase behaviour is well-documented. Although this gap can be bridged by increasing the level of awareness among consumers with regards to ethical business practices, it was found that consumers between the ages of 19 to 56 years were already aware of ethical organisations and business practices in the South African sports supplement industry. They are however unaware of companies that operate unethically. Several factors such as brand familiarity, price and convenience were found to compete with ethical business behaviour during the purchase decision-making process. It is thus recommended that organisations that incorporate ethical business behaviour at a strategic level should provide ethical products that are competitively priced, convenient to use and from a brand that is familiar / Graduate School of Business Leadership / MBA