This study investigated factors affecting housing finance supply in Nigeria. Housing finance is a major factor determining the quality and tenure of housing consumption, the overall financial portfolio of the public and the stability and effectiveness of the financial system. In both developed and emerging economies, sovereign governments have intervened in the markets by setting up institutions characterised by a significant degree of regulation and segmentation from the rest of the financial markets and very often with governments providing subsidised housing finance. Attempts were made to develop an empirical model to reveal the underlying factors affecting housing finance in Nigeria. Time series data from sampled Universal Money Deposit Banks (UMDBs) balance sheets between 2003 and 2007 were used to assess the ability of the financial institutions to engage in long-term lending. Additional instruments in form of questionnaire, for the sectoral allocation of loans and advances by these financial institutions were employed to gather information from Corporate Banking / Loans and Advances Managers coupled with unstructured interviews. Supplementary questionnaires were directed to the users of housing finance at the household level as control for validity to the research findings. Applying a multiple regression approach, the model identified that housing finance supply in Nigeria is significantly driven by clusters of factors related to share capital and the reserves of the financial institutions. It is closely observed that housing finance models in the developed economies, which are largely financed by deposit liabilities, cannot be wholly adopted in the emerging economies. The implication for practice therefore is that financial institutions in the emerging economies must adequately increase their capital base for effective housing finance supply and introduce mortgage products with long-term tenure to actively mobilise resources for mortgage lending.

The first part of this dissertation examines the impact of financial development on different countries holdings of U.S securities. The difference between the US weight in the global market capitalization and the US weight in developed and developing countries is tested through a panel data analysis. We find that most countries tend to overweight their US debt portfolio which is strongly related to their financial market development. When holdings of US debts and equity are low, financial market development is high; in developing countries, holding less US equity in their portfolio causes country to get better financial development. In developed countries there is no causation effect; a simple negative relation between financial development and countries holding of US securities is observed and countries tend to hold relatively less US securities through years. The second part of this dissertation examines whether economic conditions, affect carve-outs frequency and returns. This paper investigates the effect of expansion and recession, and industry sectors on carve out issued in the US over 1982 to 2009. We find that the number of carve-outs is higher in expansion than recession. However, the cumulative abnormal returns are higher during recession which is explained by the higher adverse selection during this period. Further, we find that the difference of abnormal returns between expansion and recession is significant and we also observe that high-tech or non-high-tech industries that undertake carve-out have positive higher abnormal return during recession. Therefore, within a same industry sector, carve-out abnormal returns are impacted by the economy cycle. However difference of abnormal returns between industry sector, high-tech and non-high-tech industries, is not significant.

Abstract (english) Objectives The main objective of this work is to design methods and proceadures enhancing effectiveness and efficiency of IT audit in banks with the accent given to their use by the supervisory authorities. Another objective of the work (and an essential starting point at the same time) is a summary and assesment of methods and proceadures developed and implemented into the CNB practice with regard to banking supervision in the area of information systems. Objectives Achievement From the methodological point of view the esential starting point of the work was represented by above mentioned objectives that were used for elaboration of a set of questions. Questions enabled to set up the hypotheses. (Another more particular hypotheses were defined in order to design the particular solutions in chapter 5.) Futhermore, the critical factors (problems) were defined in the process of the questions analyses. Subsequently, the solutions were specified. The solutions confirmed the hypotheses which reflected the achievement of the objectives. Description, categorisation, analyses, screening, modelling, comparative analyses and sample testing were used to achieve the objectives. In particular, the solutions that were elaborated, making use of methods described above, enhance effectiveness and efficiency of IT audit in banks. Moreover, the CNB's proceadures and methods were introduced and assesed within the work. Scientific Contribution The work brings an evidence of correlation between the quality of IT audit in banks and their economical performance. With this regard the work contributes with original conclusions, benchmarks and proceadures that may be used by banks, supervisory authorities and IT auditors. These conclusions are achieved by description, categorisation, analyses, modelling and screening research highlighting the role of the rentability, the productivity, the risks, the inovations and the economical value of information. Furthermore, the IT audit and IT supervision in banks are specified. They are also compared and contrast to the other audit cathegories. The work presents important peaces of evidence regarding the role of IT audit in this context. This is made by description, cathegorisation and analyses. Another contribution represents proceadures and methods developed and implemented (to the large extend by author) in the field od IT banking supervision in the Czech Republic. This delivers valuable outputs for foreign supervision authorities, banks and auditors. The work lead to original solutions of critical factors. These solutions are to use by IT audit and IT supervision (and also in audit work generally). The solutions make use of ceartain atributes of Capability Maturity Model (CMM) and were elaborated in the proces of decsription, cathegorisation, screening research, comparative analyses, hypotheses seting and testing. The solutions enhances acuracy and objectiveness of assesment done by IT auditors. The solutions lead to better comparativeness of audit outputs on both national and international level, give better preconditions for risk assesment and capital adequacy evaluation within BASEL II and enhance the information value of audit ouptuts. The structure (content) of the work reflects the above mentioned articles that give a brief description of the main four parts (chapters) of the work.

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Právnická fakulta Disertační práce Právní úprava obezřetnostních pravidel v oblasti finančního trhu (Legal Regulation of Prudential Rules in Financial Market Area) JUDr. Bedřich Čížek Summary: The main objective of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive and systematic view of prudential rules in the selected area of financial market regulation with an emphasis on critical reflection of the various legal institutes and intersectional comparison of the relevant legal rules. Particular questions that this thesis attempts to answer within it's main goal are: (i) what is the essence of prudential rules in the financial market regulation (quid juris?) and (ii) whether current prudential rules in the Czech legal system meet the criteria required by legal theory on the form and the content of legislation and on the rational configuration of the legal system. The thesis also includes constructive criticism of examined issues, particularly in terms of the accuracy of the transposition of the relevant EU legislation, legal certainty of transposed provisions regarding its' recipients and the efficiency of the current legislation when designing prudential rules in question, and includes several recommendations de lege ferenda as well. The outcome of this thesis is a systematic,...

Financial Market Regulation in the Czech Republic with a Focus on the Securities Market ABSTRACT: The financial markets constitute a foundation of every market economy and in recent years their regulation is becoming increasingly relevant for political-legislative decision- making process (mainly as result of the last world financial and economic crisis). This Master's thesis focuses on the securities market regulation in Czech Republic and its main purpose is to evaluate this regulation, primarily its development and impacts on the market as a whole, on an individual issuer of a security or (as the case may be) on an investor as well. The thesis itself is divided into five parts. The first one represents a theoretical introduction to the financial markets and analyses basic terms, financial market functions and structure. The second, third and fourth chapters deal with crucial entities influencing the securities market - a regulated market organizer, an investment firm, investment intermediaries and a multi-sided trading system organizer. Chapters especially strive to compare contemporary legislation with legislation as amended by the Act No. 204/2017 Sb., which generally comes into force January 3rd 2018 and which transposes important European secondary legislation regulations, such as Directive...

The master's thesis on the topic of financial market and its legal aspects aims to analyse the weaknesses in the legal regulation of markets in financial instruments. The thesis is divided into six chapters, introduction and conclusion. The chapters are divided into subchapters. The first chapter defines the financial market and deals with its divisions. Since the legal aspects of financial market are a traditional subject of the study of financial law, the basic concepts of this field are notoriously well known. The first chapter therefore describes only the basic division that is applied to the financial markets. It then goes on to compare existing definition of the financial markets that can be found in academic literature. The second chapter discusses the capital market participants. As certain concepts of financial market might suggest, many different persons might fall into the category of market participants. This chapter, however, discusses selected persons who provide their services on the market in financial instruments. It focuses mainly on investment firm because it provides investors with access to the capital market. The third chapter discusses financial instruments. The fourth chapter concerns investment services that can be provided in relation to financial instruments. The fifth chapter...

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-27T10:21:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula Sauer.pdf: 2510482 bytes, checksum: 232588c9e197277bd180e9b18ea2033a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-27T10:21:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula Sauer.pdf: 2510482 bytes, checksum: 232588c9e197277bd180e9b18ea2033a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The study of applied behavioral sciences (economic psychology, behavioral economics, and behavioral finance) has grown exponentially not only in Brazil but also in other countries around the world, with greater intensity since the mid-1970s. Only in quantity, but in importance. The studies leave the academy and are put into practice in the financial market. Understanding behavioral heuristics and biases is extremely important in this line of thinking, which has the study of rationality as an important tool. This research aimed to identify if there is a significant presence of heuristics and behavioral bias related to personal finances in the medical community. This community was chosen because it has professionals with high level of education, high income and high employability. For this purpose, a quantitative survey was carried out from a questionnaire divided into six sections. The first section of the questionnaire was designed to identify behavioral heuristics and biases. In the subsequent three sections, the participant was invited to reflect on his experiences with money over time (Money in the Present and the MPFS scale - Money in the Past and Future Scale). The last two sections aimed to identify the demographic profile of the participants. 110 questionnaires were answered online from the survey monkey platform and the results were submitted to statistical analysis. Of the 110 questionnaires answered, only 65 were valid for our database. Some responses have confirmed previous experiments on heuristics and biases, and behaviors in relation to money, and the perception of wealth throughout the life cycle / O estudo das ciências comportamentais aplicadas (Psicologia econômica, Economia comportamental e Finanças comportamentais) tem crescido de maneira exponencial não só no Brasil, mas também em outros países ao redor do mundo, com maior intensidade a partir de meados da década de 70. Não só em quantidade, mas em importância. Os estudos saem da academia e são postos em prática no mercado financeiro. Entender bem as heurísticas e os vieses comportamentais é de extrema importância nessa linha de pensamento, que tem o estudo da racionalidade como uma ferramenta importante. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo, identificar se existe a presença expressiva de heurísticas e vieses comportamentais relacionados às finanças pessoais nos profissionais da comunidade médica. Esta comunidade foi escolhida por possuir profissionais com escolaridade com alto grau de exigência, alta renda e alta empregabilidade. Foi realizada para tanto, uma pesquisa quantitativa a partir de um questionário dividido seis seções. A primeira seção do questionário foi desenhada com o intuito de identificar heurísticas e vieses comportamentais. Nas três seções subsequentes, o participante foi convidado refletir sobre suas experiências com o dinheiro ao longo do tempo (Dinheiro no Presente e a escala MPFS – Money in the Past and Future Scale). As duas últimas seções, tinham como objetivo identificar o perfil demográfico dos participantes. 110 questionários foram respondidos on-line a partir da plataforma survey monkey e os resultados foram submetidos a análise estatística. Dos 110 questionários respondidos, somente 65 foram validos para nossa base de dados. Algumas respostas confirmaram experimentos anteriores sobre heurísticas e vieses, e comportamentos em relação ao dinheiro, e a percepção de riqueza ao longo do ciclo de vida

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-04-11T12:02:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Alberto Gentil Junior.pdf: 672614 bytes, checksum: 08d8dba09d1898f41f86031858a326d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T12:02:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Alberto Gentil Junior.pdf: 672614 bytes, checksum: 08d8dba09d1898f41f86031858a326d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-13 / The international financial market deregulation and liberalization from the 1980s onwards has allowed change in the rules about the financial regulation and, consequently, increasing the development of more complex fianancial innovation. However the several financial crisis that reached the international financial system, mainsly, after 2007, demonstrated that regulation based exclusively on the mainstream economic thought of the Market failure was not prepared to avoid systemic risk. The purpose of this reseacrh is to demonstrate that the tools adopted by international financial regulation, based only on the Market failures theory, are not enough to avoid the systemic risk from of fragility and instability of the system. Thus, for that this regulation to be effective in prevention of the new financial crisis from systemic risks, is necessary its review based in theoretical foundations created by Keynes e developed by post-keynesian authors, mainly by MInsky, who has been forgotten by neoclassical theory, such as uncertainties and liquidity preference / A desregulamentação e a liberalização do mercado financeiro internacional a partir dos anos 1980 permitiram a alteração de regras da regulação financeira e consequentemente fomentaram o desenvolvimento de instrumentos financeiros cada vez mais complexos. Entretanto as diversas crises financeiras que atingiram o sistema financeiro internacional, principalmente aquela ocorrida a partir de 2007, demonstraram que a regulação baseada exclusivamente no pensamento econômico mainstream das falhas de mercado não estava preparada para combater o chamado risco sistêmico. O objetivo desta pesquisa é mostrar que as medidas adotadas pela regulação financeira internacional, baseadas somente na teoria das falhas de mercados, são insuficientes para evitar os riscos sistêmicos decorrentes da fragilidade e da instabilidade do sistema. Dessa forma, para que essa regulação tenha eficácia na mitigação de novas crises financeiras decorrentes dos riscos sistêmicos, é essencial sua reavaliação com base nos fundamentos teóricos elaborados por Keynes e desenvolvidos por autores pós-keynesianos, dentre os quais se destaca Minsky, negligenciados pela teoria neoclássica, tais como a incerteza não probabilística e a preferência pela liquidez

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marco Antonio Dias.pdf: 2870318 bytes, checksum: 395bc224d80361238826474c847dd34d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Because of the union of efforts between European and American banks, clearly in order to maximise the actions towards a sustainable economic model, some financial institutions have created a group in 2002 in the United Kingdom, called the banks of Greenwich, which later came to be known as Equator banks. Precisely in 2003, the Equator banks announced what we know as the Equator Principles, which are voluntary initiatives of good environmental practices in funding for Project Finance. This type of financing is characterized by investing undertakings that require intensive capital, usually long-term and with many interactions with the community where it is happening. Having as background this scenario, the study aims to understand the general relations Brazilian civil society with the Brazilian signatories seats, and analyse the profile of this relationship when compared with the companies of developed countries. The theme is justified by the existence of an intense debate between civil society engaged in non-governmental organizations, and banks signatories. Financial institutions from various parts of the world, quickly joined the group of founding Equator Principles, transforming what would be a way to implement good environmental practices in their operations, in a symbol of distinction between the organizations. Exactly at this point the international literature covering the topic, has no longer checked a new approach of the Equator Principles, such as a dialogue between the banks and society, opening room for a new approach, and thus a new point of view. This work has the intention to seek this explanation, specifically in the Brazilian case, and thus to establish the context of the Equator Principles in face of the challenges of Brazilian society / Devido a união de esforços entre bancos europeus e americanos, e no intuito claro de maximizar as ações em direção a um modelo econômico sustentável, algumas instituições financeiras criaram um grupo em 2002, na Inglaterra, chamado de bancos de Greenwich, que mais tarde vieram a ser conhecidos como bancos do Equador. Precisamente em 2003, os bancos do Equador anunciaram o que hoje conhecemos como Princípios do Equador (PE), que são iniciativas voluntárias de boas práticas ambientais em financiamentos de Project Finance. Este tipo de financiamento é caracterizado por aplicar-se em emprendimentos que exigem capital intensivo, geralmente de longo prazo e com muitas interações com a comunidade onde será realizado. Tendo como pano de fundo esse cenário, o estudo tem como objetivo geral compreender as relações da sociedade civil brasileira com os bancos signatários brasileiros, e analisar qual o perfil desta relação quando comparadas as sociedades de países desenvolvidos. O tema se justifica pela existência de um intenso debate entre a sociedade civil engajada pelas organizações não governamentais, e os bancos signatários. As instituições financeiras originárias de várias partes do mundo, rapidamente se juntaram ao grupo fundador dos Princípios do Equador, transformando o que seria uma forma de implementar boas práticas ambientais em suas operações, em um símbolo de distinção entre as organizações .Exatamente neste aspecto que a literatura internacional, que cobre o tema, deixou de explorar os Princípios do Equador como diálogo entre os bancos e a sociedade, abrindo o espaço para uma nova abordagem, e consequentemente um novo ponto de vista. Este trabalho tem a pretensão de buscar algo que leve a determinação ou validação de um diálogo entre as instituições e a sociedade, especificamente no caso brasileiro; e estabelecer a contextualização dos Princípios do Equador (PE) frente sua aplicabilidade no Brasil

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:53:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marco Antonio Dias.pdf: 2870318 bytes, checksum: 395bc224d80361238826474c847dd34d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Because of the union of efforts between European and American banks, clearly in order to maximise the actions towards a sustainable economic model, some financial institutions have created a group in 2002 in the United Kingdom, called the banks of Greenwich, which later came to be known as Equator banks. Precisely in 2003, the Equator banks announced what we know as the Equator Principles, which are voluntary initiatives of good environmental practices in funding for Project Finance. This type of financing is characterized by investing undertakings that require intensive capital, usually long-term and with many interactions with the community where it is happening. Having as background this scenario, the study aims to understand the general relations Brazilian civil society with the Brazilian signatories seats, and analyse the profile of this relationship when compared with the companies of developed countries. The theme is justified by the existence of an intense debate between civil society engaged in non-governmental organizations, and banks signatories. Financial institutions from various parts of the world, quickly joined the group of founding Equator Principles, transforming what would be a way to implement good environmental practices in their operations, in a symbol of distinction between the organizations. Exactly at this point the international literature covering the topic, has no longer checked a new approach of the Equator Principles, such as a dialogue between the banks and society, opening room for a new approach, and thus a new point of view. This work has the intention to seek this explanation, specifically in the Brazilian case, and thus to establish the context of the Equator Principles in face of the challenges of Brazilian society / Devido a união de esforços entre bancos europeus e americanos, e no intuito claro de maximizar as ações em direção a um modelo econômico sustentável, algumas instituições financeiras criaram um grupo em 2002, na Inglaterra, chamado de bancos de Greenwich, que mais tarde vieram a ser conhecidos como bancos do Equador. Precisamente em 2003, os bancos do Equador anunciaram o que hoje conhecemos como Princípios do Equador (PE), que são iniciativas voluntárias de boas práticas ambientais em financiamentos de Project Finance. Este tipo de financiamento é caracterizado por aplicar-se em emprendimentos que exigem capital intensivo, geralmente de longo prazo e com muitas interações com a comunidade onde será realizado. Tendo como pano de fundo esse cenário, o estudo tem como objetivo geral compreender as relações da sociedade civil brasileira com os bancos signatários brasileiros, e analisar qual o perfil desta relação quando comparadas as sociedades de países desenvolvidos. O tema se justifica pela existência de um intenso debate entre a sociedade civil engajada pelas organizações não governamentais, e os bancos signatários. As instituições financeiras originárias de várias partes do mundo, rapidamente se juntaram ao grupo fundador dos Princípios do Equador, transformando o que seria uma forma de implementar boas práticas ambientais em suas operações, em um símbolo de distinção entre as organizações .Exatamente neste aspecto que a literatura internacional, que cobre o tema, deixou de explorar os Princípios do Equador como diálogo entre os bancos e a sociedade, abrindo o espaço para uma nova abordagem, e consequentemente um novo ponto de vista. Este trabalho tem a pretensão de buscar algo que leve a determinação ou validação de um diálogo entre as instituições e a sociedade, especificamente no caso brasileiro; e estabelecer a contextualização dos Princípios do Equador (PE) frente sua aplicabilidade no Brasil