Paprastas akcijų rinkos žaidimo modelis (angl. Stock Market Game Model) buvo pristatytas J. Mockaus 2002 m. Šis modelis imituoja kelių akcininkų, prekiaujančių viena akcija, elgesį. Siūlomas modelis PORTFOLIO, priešingai, imituoja akcijų biržos darbą, kurioje vyksta prekyba su daugelio firmų akcijomis. PORTFELIO modelio tikslas yra ne prognozavimas, bet simuliavimas akcijų biržos procesų, kurie yra priklausomi nuo investuotojų prognozių. Pagrindinis modelio patobulinimas yra kelių akcijų ir įvairių prekybos taisyklių įvedimas, kurios atstovauja tiek potencialių investuotojų euristikas, tiek gerai žinomas teorines investavimo strategijas. Tai suteikia modeliui daugiau realistiškumo ir leidžia atlikti portfelio optimizavimą naudojant įvairias investavimo strategijas tiek su istoriniais duomenimis, tiek virtualioje aplinkoje. Tai esminis patobulinimas lyginant su tradiciniais vienos akcijos modeliais. "Virtuali" akcijų birža gali padėti tiriant racionalaus investuotojo elgesio prielaidą lyginant su pastarojo laikotarpio teorijomis, teigiančiomis, kad pagrindiniai rinkos dalyviai elgiasi neracionaliai. Modelis buvo lyginamas su realiomis finansinėmis laiko eilutėmis ir buvo rastas rezultatų panašumas tam tikrais atvejais. PORTFELIO modelis gali būti naudojamas kaip priemonė imituoti individualaus investuotojo elgesį, kuris nori prognozuoti, kaip tikėtinas pelnas priklauso nuo įvairių investavimo taisyklių naudojant skirtingus realių ir virtualių akcijų kainų prognozavimo metodus. / A simple Stock Market Game Model (SEGM) was introduced in 2002 by J. Mockus to simulate the behavior of several stockholders trading a single stock. In contrast, the proposed model PORTFOLIO is simulating stock exchange including a number of different stocks. The objective of PORTFOLIO is not forecasting, but simulation of stock exchange processes that are affected by predictions of the participants. The main improvements are the multi-stock extension and a number of different trading rules, which represent both the heuristics of potential investors and the well-known theoretical investment strategies. This makes the model more realistic and allows the portfolio optimization in the space of investment strategies, in both the historical and virtual environments. This is an essential improvement comparing with traditional single-stock models with direct interaction of investment agents. The "virtual" stock exchange can help in testing the assumption of rational investor behavior vs. the recent theories that explain financial markets by irrational responses of major market participants. The model has been compared with actual financial time series and found the results to be close in some cases. The model is designed as a tool to represent behavior of individual investor, which wants to predict how the expected profit depends on different investment rules using different forecasting methods of real and virtual stocks.

Studies of the relationship between market values and accounting numbers have long been a part of an established theme in capital markets research (CMR). These studies have taken various forms, most being conducted on a cross sectional basis, tied closely with the assumptions of equilibrium behaviour and efficient markets. Explanatory variables for market value have been dominated by firm-specific variables without incorporating macroeconomic variables. Recently, however, some studies have employed macroeconomic variables and dynamic specification in assessing the relationship between market values and accounting numbers (e.g. Bilson et al. 2001, Nissim and Penman, 2003, and Willett, 2003). The objective of this thesis is to investigate the nature of the relationship between share prices and accounting numbers on the Jakarta Stock Exchange for the period 1992-2002, using dynamic modelling principles in addition to the more usual cross sectional analysis. The approach to regression modelling (general-to-specific strategy)incorporated in this thesis relies less heavily than most CMR on prior economic theories of equilibrium behaviour. Apart from these novel aspects of approach and method, the study also provides valuable information about the emerging financial markets of Indonesia. The results of this thesis show that cointegration and the accompanying equilibrium correction relationship between market and book values for firms listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX) can often be identified using accounting and macroeconomic regressors. The models are typically more informative, plausible and consistent than cross sectional models and are useful in interpreting the context in which the market to book relationship exists in Indonesia. A possibly surprising result is that in Indonesia, compared to similar models estimated using US data, the book value of net assets seems to have a stronger relationship with market value. This may be a function of the relative importance of financial statements as a source of information on the JSX.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2018-02-28T19:05:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ronaldi Carassini.pdf: 1393522 bytes, checksum: 668b3b6442930f4bc8cab980d41b9895 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-28T19:05:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ronaldi Carassini.pdf: 1393522 bytes, checksum: 668b3b6442930f4bc8cab980d41b9895 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Asset pricing models, such as the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), are still widely discussed within the finance area, including in the scientific community as well. These models are used theoretically and practically in the area of investments to predict the risk and return of securities and portfolios, as well as in corporate finance, to analyze the viability of investments. Despite the discussions on the subject, there is still no unanimity on what rate of return should be taken at the time of the investment option. Considering these discussions about the ideal model, the objective of this work is to analyze if the application of the conditional CAPM model is valid to explain the returns of the Brazilian stock market. To answer this question, we will use the model developed by Jagannathan and Wang (1996), which introduced the possibility that betas and risk premium vary over time. For the application of this model in the Brazilian market, 40 stocks with the highest liquidity index of the Brazilian market were selected, divided into 5 (five) portfolios, each portfolio containing 8 shares, during the period from 2008 to 2016. The empirical results of this study suggest that the betas model and the risk premium varying over time can, with some adaptations, satisfactorily explain the cross-sectional variation of the portfolio returns analysed in this research. This study intends contribute to the area of finance and also, to the literature of asset pricing. / Os modelos de precificação de ativos, como é o caso do CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model), ainda são muito discutidos dentro da área de finanças, inclusive também, na comunidade científica. Estes modelos são utilizados de forma teórica e prática na área de investimentos para prever o risco e o retorno de títulos e de carteiras, bem como em finanças corporativas, para analisar a viabilidade dos investimentos. Apesar das discussões sobre o tema, ainda não existe uma unanimidade sobre qual taxa de retorno deva ser tomada na hora da opção pelo investimento. Considerando estas discussões acerca do modelo ideal, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar se a aplicação do modelo CAPM Condicional é válida para explicar os retornos do mercado acionário brasileiro. Para responder a esta questão, utilizar-se-á o modelo desenvolvido por Jagannathan e Wang (1996), o qual introduziu a possibilidade de os betas e o prêmio de risco variarem ao longo do tempo. Para a aplicação deste modelo no mercado brasileiro, foram selecionadas 40 ações com maior índice de liquidez do mercado brasileiro, divididas em 5 (cinco) portfólios, contendo cada portfólio 8 ações, durante o período de 2008 à 2016. Os resultados empíricos deste estudo, sugerem que o modelo com os betas e o prêmio de risco variando ao longo do tempo, conseguem com algumas adaptações, explicar de forma satisfatória a variação cross-sectional dos retornos dos portfólios analisados nesta pesquisa. Com este estudo pretende-se contribuir para a área de finanças e também, para a literatura de precificação de ativos.

Submitted by Fernando Cortezi (fernando.cortezi@globo.com) on 2015-10-28T16:26:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - versão biblioteca.pdf: 2613902 bytes, checksum: 76249e731474e447a601ddc948668529 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2015-10-29T18:06:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - versão biblioteca.pdf: 2613902 bytes, checksum: 76249e731474e447a601ddc948668529 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-10-30T11:03:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - versão biblioteca.pdf: 2613902 bytes, checksum: 76249e731474e447a601ddc948668529 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-30T11:03:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - versão biblioteca.pdf: 2613902 bytes, checksum: 76249e731474e447a601ddc948668529 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-29 / This work aims at evaluating how effective is knowledge disclosure in attenuating institutional negative reactions caused by uncertainties brought by firms’ new strategies that respond to novel technologies. The empirical setting is from an era of technological ferment, the period of the introduction of the voice over internet protocol (VoIP) in the USA in the early 2000’s. This technology led to the convergence of the wireline telecommunications and cable television industries. The Institutional Brokers’ Estimate System (also known as the I/B/E/S system) was used to capture reactions of securities analysts, a revealed important source of institutional pressure on firms’ strategies. For assessing knowledge disclosure, a coding technique and a established content analysis framework were used to quantitatively measure the non-numerical and unstructured data of transcripts of business events occurred at that time. Eventually, several binary response models were tested in order to assess the effect of knowledge disclosure on the probability of institutional positive reactions. The findings are that the odds of favorable institutional reactions increase when a specific kind of knowledge is disclosed. It can be concluded that knowledge disclosure can be considered as a weapon in technological changes situations, attenuating adverse institutional reactions to the companies’ strategies in environments of technological changes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissESL.pdf: 817504 bytes, checksum: 03f54ca2321ff88e89dbcde39c089180 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The objective of this work is to sketch a cognitive framing reflecting on the corporate governance issue as a condition for the Brazilian financial market construction. To reach this objective, it was made a bibliographical revision about the corporate governance issue, which took to a preliminary study with the shareholders and their representative entity aiming to verify the convergence of diverse entrepreneurs speeches regarding the corporate governance. The following chapter is about how the media frame the corporate governance question in the press Revista Exame and the newspapers Gazeta Mercantil, Valor Econômico, Folha de São Paulo and O Estado de São Paulo. The Economic Sociology approach helps to understand these data results aiming to apprehend the new dynamics in the brazilian imaginary fomented by the corporate governance ideology. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal esboçar um enquadramento cognitivo refletindo sobre a questão da governança corporativa como condição para a construção do mercado financeiro no Brasil. Para isso, apresentamos uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema em questão, a qual nos levou a realização de um estudo exploratório com os acionistas e a Animec, com o propósito de averiguar a convergência entre os discursos criados pelos empreendedores da governança corporativa. Em seguida, abordamos como a mídia enquadrou a governança corporativa através da Revista Exame e dos jornais Gazeta Mercantil, Valor Econômico, Folha de São Paulo e O Estado de São Paulo. Assim, por meio da interpretação destes eventos e dos conceitos teóricos fornecidos pela corrente em que se inscreve este estudo a sociologia econômica, buscamos apreender a dinâmica que se estabelece no imaginário brasileiro fomentado pelo ideário da governança corporativa.

nÃo hà / O objetivo principal do presente trabalho à a anÃlise da previsibilidade de retorno para Fundos de Investimentos, utilizando o PatrimÃnio LÃquido e realizando o confronto entre o retorno mÃdio, com base no comportamento dos indicadores, estaremos fornecendo informaÃÃes para a montagem de estratÃgia de investimento para o mercado financeiro. A pesquisa foi fundamentada com a criaÃÃo de quatro carteiras, analisando 72 fundos de investimento, comparados com os principais benchmarks de mercado realizado durante o perÃodo 1998 a 2009. A estratÃgia ativa proposta, à tal que, o investidor aposta a cada quadrimestre nos 20 fundos com melhor performance (winners) em PatrimÃnio LÃquido, com pior performance em PatrimÃnio LÃquido (loosers), com melhor performance em Retorno MÃdio (winners), com pior performance em Retorno MÃdio (Loosers). Com base nos resultados obtidos, observamos que trÃs carteiras, das quatro criadas, conseguem superar e manter ganhos acima do Ibovespa, porÃm, quando comparados a outros benchmarks de mercado, nenhuma carteira tem sucesso, fato este que merece ser melhor investigado. Os portfolios compostos sÃo analisados sempre em trÃs esferas no perÃodo de prÃ-crise, no ano da crise e apÃs crise com intuito de identificar o desempenho das carteiras. Os benchmarks de mercado estÃo representados pelo Ibovespa, IBRX, IEE e FGV 100. Com exceÃÃo do Ibovespa, os indices de mercados apresentaram resultados superiores em perÃodo de crise. / The main objective of this study is to examine the predictability of return to investment funds using the Equity and making the comparison between the average return, based on performance indicators, will be providing information for the assembly of investment strategy for the financial market. The research was supported by the creation of four portfolios, analyzing 72 investment funds, compared with the main benchmarks market developed over the period 1998 to 2009. The active strategy proposal is such that investors bet every quarter in the 20 funds with better performance (winners) in Equity, with poorer performance on Equity (loosers), with better performance in Return Average (winners), with worse Return on Average performance (Loosers). Based on these results, we observe that three of the four portfolios created can overcome and sustain gains above the Bovespa index, but when compared to other market benchmarks, no portfolio is successful, a fact that deserves further investigation. The portfolios are analyzed when compounds in three balls in the pre-crisis year of the crisis and after crisis with the aim of identifying the performance of portfolios. The market benchmarks are represented by Ibovespa, IBRX, IEE and FGV 100. Except for the Bovespa index, the market indices showed better results in periods of crisis.

O objetivo da tese foi analisar a influência do rating, provido por agências independentes na formação dos preços de emissão de debêntures. A base de dados contou com 354 séries de debêntures não conversíveis, emitidas por empresas não financeiras, entre janeiro de 2000 e junho de 2010, em mercado primário público. A metodologia baseia-se no modelo fatorial de precificação aplicado a uma estrutura de dados pooled cross-section. Os modelos desenvolvidos ao longo do trabalho apontaram a relevância do rating na explicação do spread de emissão primária de debêntures no Brasil. Isoladamente, no entanto, explica cerca de 10% da variabilidade do spread. O estudo demonstrou serem significativas variáveis de crédito, maturidade, relação entre o volume emitido e o estoque de debêntures do mercado, a evolução do PIB e a alteração futura de rating (direção e a magnitude). Constatou-se também que emissões em percentual do DI tendem a ter menor spread que aquelas remuneradas por inflação mais taxa. Não se pode afirmar que o mercado diferencie, por meio do preço, a origem das agências ou as emissões com mais de um rating. As variáveis idiossincráticas da firma, na forma de índices econômico-financeiros extraídos de demonstrações financeiras publicadas, explicam diferenças de rating. Finalmente, constatou-se a utilidade da variável de escala linear de rating nos modelos de regressão desenvolvidos. / The overall objective of this dissertation was to analyze the influence of the rating provided by independent agencies in the spread of corporate bonds. The database was comprised of 354 series of non-convertible debentures issued by non-financial companies between January 2000 and June 2010 in public primary market. The study approach is based on the pricing factor model applied to a pooled cross-section data structure. The developed models suggested that the rating is significant in explaining the spread of primary issuance of debentures in Brazil. However, the rating explains no more than 10% of the spread variability. The study revealed that other factors were also significant during the analyzed period along with the credit variables: maturity, the ratio between the volume issued and total market outstanding of debentures, GDP growth, and future rating changes. It was also noted that series linked daily floating rates tend to have lower spread than those linked to inflation. When price is taken into account, the market does not seem to differentiate local agencies from international ones, or series with two or more ratings. Financial ratios obtained from financial statements, do explain the differences in rating. Finally, other important findings indicate the usefulness of the rating variable based in linear scale in the regression models developed in this work

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-11-10T17:57:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Pereira Scombati.pdf: 1001286 bytes, checksum: f18bf5818075fe5fa2f486be84a716fb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T17:57:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Pereira Scombati.pdf: 1001286 bytes, checksum: f18bf5818075fe5fa2f486be84a716fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29 / Sport provides health, resilience, quality of life, team spirit, fairness, honesty and other qualities admired, and of course, tinkering directly with the passion enthusiast. Hereby, Brazilian financial institutions invest thousands of dollars in sponsoring sports activities to an improvement in their brand equity. Because of this, the present study aims at understanding through literature, document and quantitative research, the sports sponsorship can add value taken as positive the brand equity of financial institutions in Brazil. For this, we studied the five largest financial institutions in Brazil, as each of sponsoring the sport and what the effect of this sponsorship before consumers. For the achievement of the goal we used the sports sponsorship theories and brand equity, seeking to focus on the approach in the sports sector. descriptive quantitative methodology was used and achieved results confirmed the hypothesis of the work, that sports sponsorship has a positive influence on the brand equity components. This demonstrates the benefits for financial institutions, helping the market gain competitive advantage and have a valued image of heritage and always present on the consumer. / Esporte remete a saúde, superação, qualidade de vida, espírito de equipe, lisura, honestidade e outras qualidades admiradas, além é claro, de mexer diretamente com a paixão do entusiasta. Por meio disto, as instituições financeiras brasileiras investem milhares de reais em patrocínio a atividades esportivas visando uma melhora em sua notoriedade e conhecimento de marca. Devido a isto, o presente estudo visa compreender, através de levantamento bibliográfico, documental e pesquisa quantitativa, se o patrocínio esportivo pode agregar valores tidos como positivos ao brand equity das instituições financeiras do Brasil. Para a realização do objetivo foram utilizadas as teorias de patrocínio esportivo e de brand equity, buscando o foco na abordagem no setor esportivo. Foi utilizada a metodologia quantitativa descritiva, através da modelagem de equações estruturadas e, com isto, alcançou resultados que confirmaram as hipóteses do trabalho, de que o patrocínio esportivo crível influencia positivamente nos componentes do brand equity. Isto demonstra os benefícios para as instituições financeiras, pois sinaliza como um norte, mostrando que ao possuir um patrocínio congruente com a sua imagem, gera a credibilidade no patrocínio e esta, por sua vez, impacta positivamente os componentes do brand equity. Com isto, há o auxílio no ganho de mercado, diferencial competitivo e patrimônio de imagem valorizado e sempre presente diante do consumidor.

Orientador: Ademar Ribeiro Romeiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T01:36:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Attie_PaulaIngegneri_M.pdf: 3584657 bytes, checksum: e9a09b229dfdb90ce6245df202e685c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Com as transformações que ocorreram desde os anos 1970 e que tornaram as instituições participantes do mercado financeiro agentes importantes nos processos de crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico, torna-se necessária uma reflexão que permita compreender o que é o mercado como forma de alocação de recursos e como ele pode contribuir para as questões do meio- ambiente. Assim, ao tratar da sustentabilidade e sua relação com o mercado financeiro, este trabalho estuda como as bolsas de valores, ao estabelecerem certos padrões, produtos e nichos de mercado podem atuar e influenciar o sistema econômico fomentando os investimentos sustentáveis. Investimentos, estes, que cobrem uma gama de conceitos e um nicho de ativos no mercado financeiro, tais como a negociação de títulos lastreados em carbono, o investimento em tecnologia limpa e o investimento perante informações sobre o uso do meio-ambiente, responsabilidade social e governança corporativa na construção de portfolios financeiros. O presente trabalho apresenta e analisa a função econômica das bolsas de valores e seu papel nas questões da sustentabilidade em quatro capítulos. O primeiro deles procura fazer um resgate histórico e teórico da inserção das questões do meio ambiente na teoria econômica e da construção do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável. O segundo capítulo contextualiza a estrutura do mercado financeiro, com destaque para a função econômica das bolsas de valores em um processo de financeirização mundial. O terceiro capítulo relaciona diretamente a importância do investimento sustentável e sua ligação com as bolsas de valores, destacando as principais iniciativas das bolsas membro da Federação Mundial de Bolsas e da Iniciativa Sustainable Stock Exchanges. Por fim, o capítulo quarto, resgata um breve histórico da Bolsa brasileira e avalia a agenda sustentável no mercado brasileiro com relação às principais iniciativas da BM&FBOVESPA e seu papel fundamental na construção de um mercado de capital mais sustentável no país / Abstract: With the changes that have taken place since the seventies, the institutions that participate in the financial and capital markets have become important agents for growth and economic development. It is therefore necessary to come to an understanding of the market as an instrument for the allocation of resources and look at the contribution it could make to environmental issues. This being the case, in addressing sustainability and its relation to the financial markets, this study analyzes how stock exchanges, by establishing certain standards, products and market niches can act on and influence the economic system by promoting sustainable investments. These investments cover a broad range of concepts and a niche of financial assets, which includes the trading of carbon certificates and securities, investments in clean technology and investments that take into account information on the appropriate use of the environment, social responsibility and corporate governance for the allocation process of financial portfolios. This thesis presents and analyzes the economic function of stock exchanges and their role in relation to sustainability over four chapters. The first makes a historical and theoretical review of the introduction of environmental concerns into economic theory and the creation of the sustainable development concept. The second contextualizes the structure of the capital and financial market, emphasizing the economic function of stock exchanges within a global financialization process. The third chapter deals directly with the importance of sustainable investment and its relationship to stock exchanges, highlighting the main initiatives of the members of the World Federation of Exchanges and the Sustainable Stock Exchanges initiative. Finally, the fourth chapter provides a brief history of the Brazilian Exchange and evaluates the sustainability agenda within the Brazilian capital market, with regard to the main initiatives of BM&FBOVESPA and its fundamental contribution to the building of a more sustainable capital market in Brazil / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente / Mestra em Desenvolvimento Econômico

The thesis analyses high frequency trading, specifically its main characteristics, which make it different from algorithmic trading. Furthermore, the thesis looks closer into major risks, which are new to market, and their impact on market quality and other investors. The next chapter is dedicated to trading strategies, which are typical for high frequency trading. In conclusion, there is discussed the impact on the market quality caused by high frequency trading, namely in terms of liquidity, volatility and price discovery.