[pt] A energia solar é única. Se por um lado é abundante e limpa, condição que a coloca no centro da discussão do desenvolvimento de uma matriz energética global mais sustentável, por outro, engloba a tecnologia de painéis solares fotovoltaicos, que cresce exponencialmente por permitir a produção própria de eletricidade. Neste contexto, o Brasil figura em posição ímpar: embora disponha de um dos maiores índices de irradiação solar do mundo, atualmente apenas 0,014 por cento da matriz energética brasileira provém deste tipo de energia. Portanto, em face a este potencial, julga-se fundamental compreender a percepção do consumidor sobre esta tecnologia. Neste sentido, o presente estudo propõe um modelo baseado na integração dos principais conceitos de distintas linhas teóricas comportamentais (theory of planned behavior; diffusion of innovations; value-belief-norm theory) com o objetivo de verificar os fatores que influenciam a Intenção de Uso de painéis solares instalados em residências. Ainda, analisa a influência da alternativa de aquisição da tecnologia por propriedade de terceiros (leasing) como variável moderadora da pesquisa. Os dados coletados por via de survey online com 441 participantes revelam fatos interessantes, como, por exemplo, a importância da capacidade do sistema em gerar economia financeira, do apoio de pessoas próximas ao potencial usuário, e de um sentimento de obrigação moral em adotar a tecnologia para evitar danos ao clima. Dado o pioneirismo desta pesquisa no país, os resultados alcançados podem representar um primeiro passo para a formulação de políticas que estimulem a difusão de painéis solares no Brasil. / [en] Solar energy is unique. While on the one hand it is abundant and clean, which puts it at the center of the discussion of the development of a more sustainable global energy matrix, on the other hand, it comprises the technology of photovoltaic solar panels, which grows exponentially in the world by allowing owners to produce their own electricity. In this context, Brazil is in a unique position: although it has one of the highest solar irradiation rates in the world, currently only 0.014 percent of the Brazilian energy matrix comes from this type of energy. Therefore, in view of this potential, it is considered fundamental to understand the consumer s perception of this technology. In this sense, the present study proposes a model based on the integration of the theory of planned behavior, diffusion of innovations and value-belief-norm theory in order to verify the factors that influence the Intention of Use of solar panels installed in homes. Also, it analyzes the influence of the alternative of technology acquisition by third party property (leasing) as a moderator variable of the research. Data collected through an online survey of 441 participants reveal interesting facts, such as the importance of the system s ability to generate money savings, the support of people close to the potential user, and a sense of moral obligation to adopt technology to prevent climate damage. Given the pioneering nature of this research, the results achieved can represent a first step towards the formulation of policies that stimulate the diffusion of solar panels in Brazil.

This thesis was submitted to the faculty of Innovation, Design and Technology, IDT, at Mälardalen university in Västerås, Sweden as a partial fulfillment of the requirements to obtain the M.Sc. in computer science, specializing in embedded systems. The work presented was carried out in the months January to June in 2014 partially in Volvo Construction Equipment, Volvo CE, Eskilstuna, and partially at Mälardalen university in Västerås. Federated Resilient Embedded Systems Technology for AUTOSAR, FRESTA, is a collaborative project between Volvo and the Swedish Institute of Computer Science, SICS, that aims to make it possible to add third party applications to vehicle’s computer systems without compromising system security and robustness. The mechanism is developed by SICS for AUTOSAR, AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture, an open standardized automotive software architecture for vehicles. The following report documents the efforts to study and port the FRESTA mechanism to the Volvo CE platform, and develop a Java application to test the porting. The investigation will aspire to determine if it is feasible to introduce Java based third party applications to resource constrained embedded systems, without causing a deterioration in the predictability and security of the system. / Avhandlingen lades fram för fakulteten för innovation, design och teknik, IDT, vid Mälardalens högskola i Västerås som en del av kraven för att erhålla M.Sc. i datavetenskap med inriktning mot inbyggda system. Arbetet genomfördes under månaderna januari till juni 2014 delvis i Volvo Construction Equipment, Volvo CE, Eskilstuna, och delvis vid Mälardalens högskola i Västerås. Federated Resilient Embedded Systems Technology for AUTOSAR, FRESTA, är ett samarbetsprojekt mellan Volvo och Svenska Institutet för datavetenskap, SICS, som syftar till att göra det möjligt att lägga tredjepartsapplikationer till fordonets datorsystem utan att äventyra systemets säkerhet och robusthet. Mekanismen är utvecklat av SICS för AUTOSAR, Automotive Open System Architecture, en öppen standardiserad fordons programvaruarkitektur för fordon. Följande rapport dokumenterar arbetet med att studera Fresta mekanismen till Volvo CE-plattformen, och utveckla ett Java-program för att testa portning. Undersökningen kommer att sträva efter att avgöra om det är genomförbart att införa en Java-baserad tredje part för att resursbegränsa inbyggda system, utan att orsaka en försämring av förutsägbarhet och säkerhet i systemet.

From the start of their lives, infants and young children are surrounded by a tremendous amount of multimodal social information. One intriguing question in the study of early social cognition is how vital social information is detected and processed and how and when young infants begin to make sense of what they see and hear and learn to understand other people’s behavior. The overall aim of this thesis was to provide new insights to this exciting field. Investigating behavior and/or neural mechanisms in early life, the three different studies included in this thesis therefore strive to increase our understanding on perception and processing of social information. Study I used eye-tracking to examine infants´ observations of gaze in a third-party context. The results showed that 9-, 16- and 24-month-old infants differentiate between the body orientations of two individuals on the basis of static visual information. More particularly, they shift their gaze more often between them when the social partners face each other than when they are turned away from each other. Using ERP technique, Study II demonstrated that infants at the age of 4 to 5 months show signs of integrating visual and auditory information at a neural level. Further, direct gaze in combination with backwards-spoken words leads to earlier or enhanced neural processing in comparison to other gaze-word combinations. Study III, also an EEG investigation, found that children between 18 and 30 months of age show a desynchronization of the mu rhythm during both the observation and execution of object-directed actions. Also, the results suggest motor system activation when young children observe others’ mimed actions. To summarize, the findings reported in this thesis strengthen the idea that infants are sensitive to others´ gaze and that this may extend to third-party contexts. Also, gaze is processed together with other information, for instance words, even before infants are able to understand others’ vocabulary. Furthermore, the motor system in young children is active during both the observation and imitation of another person’s goal-directed actions. This is in line with findings in infants, children and adults, indicating that these processes are linked at neural level.

Purpose: External logistics coordination was decided after a long procurement process while parts of the project Vallastaden already started construction. The external logistics company creates and implements a logistics solution in a short time. The municipality has no formal connection requirements on developers, but has transferred to the third-party logistics to contract with the developers. The goal is to examine how the implementation of the external solution contract affects residential building and how an external third-party logistics solution works value creation for the building contractor. Method: For data collection observation and interviews have been used as methods of work. Findings: In order to create favourable condition for a builder and/or contractor in the implementation of a centrally decided external third party logistics solution requires:  Early involvement of third-party logistics contractor in the planning stage with the motto "first and last on site" Clear and well-developed conditions for procurement of connectivity requirements, and the possibility of adaptation of the technical solution according to the customer identified needs. Open and continuous dialogue at all levels within the organizational structure. Implications: The complexity of how building projects should plan their logistics allows a handling of the issue at an early stage in the project is crucial. If the potential of the third party logistics for construction projects should be used needs to be early dialogue between the parties involved which the project's conditions have to control how the service should be designed. Limitations: The problem area and the number of actors involved in the external third-partylogistics make it difficult to pinpoint exact events that contributed to the situation has become in Vallastaden. The authors have not found the source of why it has been difficult to implement third-party logistics solution at an early stage in Vallastaden. What emerged during the process is that it needs to be sought answers higher up in the organizational structure of Vallastaden, but there is work boundaries made this a priority away and therefore not addressed in this report. Selected methods aimed solely at Skanska role in Vallastaden. Alternative viewpoints from different developers and construction contractors in Vallastaden has partly been highlighted in logistics meetings. It is important to point out that the work contains only a limited number of viewpoints on centrally approved third party logistics based on the many actors who are part of the project Vallastaden. / Syfte: Extern logistiksamordning beslutades efter en utdragen upphandlingsprocess samtidigt som delar av projektet Vallastaden redan påbörjat byggnation. Det externa logistikföretaget dimensionerar och implementerar en helt fungerande lösning på kort tid. Kommunen har inte formellt anslutningskrav på byggherrarna utan har överlåtit till tredjepartslogistikern att ingå avtal med byggherrarna. Målet är att undersöka hur implementeringen av den externa tredjeparts-logistiklösningenpåverkar entreprenaden Bostadshuset samt hur en extern tredjeparts-logistiklösningarbetar värdeskapande för byggentreprenören.  Metod: För datainsamling har observation samt intervju använts som metoder i arbetet. Resultat: För att skapa goda förutsättning för en byggherre och/eller byggentreprenör vid implementering av en centralt beslutat externt tredjepartslogistiklösning så krävs: Tidig involvering av tredjepartslogistikentreprenören i projekteringsskedet med mottot ”först och sist på plats vid produktion” Tydliga och väl utarbetade förutsättningar vid upphandling med anslutningskrav samt möjligheten till anpassning av den tekniska lösningen utefter kundens identifierade behov. Öppen och kontinuerlig dialog i alla led inom organisationsstrukturen.  Konsekvenser: Komplexiteten kring hur byggprojekt ska planera sin logistik gör att en hantering av frågan i tidigt skede i projekten är avgörande. Om potentialen i tredjepartslogistik för byggprojekt ska nyttjas behöver dialog föras tidigt mellan de inblandade parterna där projektets förutsättningar måste styra hur tjänsten ska utformas. Begränsningar: Författarna har inte hittat källan till varför det har varit svårt att implementera tredjepartslogistiklösningen i ett tidigt skede i Vallastaden. Det som framkommit under arbetets gång är att det behöver sökas svar högre upp i organisationsstrukturen för Vallastaden, men där har arbetets avgränsningar gjort att detta prioriterats bort och behandlas därför inte i denna rapport. Valda metoder riktar sig enbart på Skanskas verksamhet inom Vallastaden. Alternativa synpunkter från olika byggherrar och byggentreprenörer inom Vallastaden har delvis uppmärksammats vid logistikmöten. Det är viktigt att poängtera att arbetet enbart innehåller ett begränsat antal synvinklar på centralt beslutad tredjepartslogistik utifrån de många aktörer som är en del av projektet Vallastaden.

Debarment action in execution proceedings The thesis targets the interpretation of debarment actions in execution proceedings. Generally the thesis provides a definition of debarment actions as a legal institution for the protection of third party rights and of debarment action execution proceedings. On the other hand the thesis is very particular in terms of the specifics of individual forms of debarment actions. The interpretation does presented also refers to current jurisprudence as applied by Czech courts as regards debarment actions, as well as in further related cases. The legal interpretation points out to the possibility of future amendments to certain legal provisions. The first Chapter of the thesis defines fundamental legal terms and institutions, which create a broader base for debarment action interpretations. The thesis focuses on the definition of notions of execution, the status of bailiffs, execution proceedings and the parties thereto as well as the sources of law including the definition of the inter relationship between Civil Procedure Code and Execution Procedure, which are cardinal for the main subject of the thesis. The interpretation contained in Chapter two aims at general description of debarment actions, their subjects and status within incidence disputes and it also...

L’Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie, dans l’accomplissement de ses fonctions de tiers, joue un rôle de facilitateur neutre et impartial. Elle accomplit différents rôles dans le processus de résolution des conflits en Afrique francophone. Elle utilise plusieurs moyens officiels et/ou officieux par lesquels elle contribue au règlement pacifique des différends dans ses pays membres. Depuis la Déclaration de Bamako, elle s’est fixé comme priorité politique de garantir la paix et stabilité en son sein, donc d’y allier Francophonie et démocratie et sa méthode peut se résumer en trois mots : médiation, accompagnement des transitions et appui aux opérations de maintien de la paix. La Francophonie ne privilégie pas, en effet, dans la résolution des conflits en Afrique, des relations concurrentielles entre les différents niveaux d’intervention possibles, mais plutôt la coopération en vue d’une solution rapide, efficace et efficiente du conflit. La Francophonie a su se montrer efficace sur le terrain, mieux, souvent bien que d’autres organisations, comme un tiers véritablement indépendant, neutre et impartial. / The International Organization of Francophonie, in the performance of its functions to third parties, acts as a neutral and impartial facilitator. It performs different roles in the process of conflict resolution en Africa. It uses several means official and/or unofficial by which it contributes to the peaceful settlement of disputes among its member countries. Since the Bamako declaration, it is a priority policy to ensure peace and stability within it, therefore to combine democracy and Francophonie and the method can be summarized in three words: mediation, coaching and support transitions and operations peacemaking. It is not, indeed, of the Francophonie, preference in the resolution of conflicts in Africa, the competitive relationship between the levels of intervention possible, but rather to cooperate in a timely, effective and efficient conflict. The International organization of Francophonie has shown itself effective in the field, more often, although other organizations, as a third party is truly independent, neutral and impartial.

In third-party litigation funding agreements, funders agree to finance a litigant’s litigation on condition that the funder will deduct a specified percentage from the capital awarded to the litigant in the event of success. In contingency fee agreements, such funding is provided by lawyers. Initially both these agreements were illegal in South Africa and England, but as civil courts became able to counter corruption and abuse – and with the recognition of the need to give more litigants access to justice – both were recognised as legal. Third-party litigation funding agreements by non-lawyers are unregulated in most jurisdictions. As the voluntary self-regulation in England is unsatisfactory, mandatory statutory regulation should be introduced in South Africa. The Contingency Fees Act 66 of 1997 caps the fee to 25% on the capital amount in South Africa. Since no such cap exists in Ontario (Canada), the cap of 25% in South Africa should be revised. / Eka Mintwanano yo nyika nseketelo wa mali eka nandzu wa thedi phati, vanyiki va mali va pfumela ku hakela mali ya nandzu wa mumangali hi xipimelo xa leswaku munyiki wa mali u ta susa phesenteji leyi kombisiweke ku suka eka mali leyi nyikiweke mumangali loko a humelela. Eka mintwanano ya tihakelo ta vukorhokeri, nseketelo walowo wa mali wu nyikiwa hi maloyara. Ekusunguleni mintwanano leyi hinkwayo a yi nga ri enawini eAfrika Dzonga na le England, kambe tanihi leswi tikhoto ta mfumo ti koteke ku kokela etlhelo eka timhaka ta vukungundzwana na nxaniso- na ku anakanyiwa ka xilaveko xo nyika vamangali votala mfikelelo wa vululami- hinkwayo yi anakanyiwile tanihi leyi nga enawini. Mintwanano yo nyika nseketelo wa mali eka nandzu wa thedi phati hi vanhu lava nga riki maloyara a yi lawuriwi eka vuavanyisi byotala. Tanihileswi vutilawuri byo tinyiketa eEngland byi nga riki kahle, mafambiselo ya nawu lama lavekaka ya fanele ya tivisiwa eAfrika Dzonga. Nawu wa Tihakelo ta Vukorhokeri wa 66 wa 1997 wu veka mpimo wa hakelo eka 25% eka xiphemu xa tsengo wa mali eAfrika Dzonga. Ku sukela loko ku ri hava mpimo lowu nga kona eOntario (Canada), mpimo wa 25% eAfrika Dzonga wu fanele wu langutisiwa hi vuntshwa. / Kha thendelano dza ndambedzo dza mbilo ine ya itelwa muthu, vhabadeli vho tenda u badela mbilo ya muthu o no khou itelwa mbilo tenda mubadeli a tshi ḓo ṱusa phesenthe yo tiwaho kha tshelede yo avhelwaho muthu ane a khou itelwa mbilo arali a kunda. Kha thendelano dza mbadelo dzine dza badelwa musi ramilayo o no kunda kha mulandu, mbadelo idzo dzi ṋetshedzwa nga vhoramilayo. Mathomoni thendelano idzi vhuvhili hadzo dzo vha dzi siho mulayoni Afurika Tshipembe na England, fhedzi musi khothe dza mbilo dzi tshi vho thoma u hanedzana na tshanḓanguvhoni na u tambudzwa - na u dzhiela nṱha ṱhoḓea ya u ṋea vhathu vhane vha khou itelwa mbilo u swikelela vhulamukanyi –vhuvhili hadzo dzo dzhiwa sa dzi re mulayoni. Thendelano dza ndambedzo dza mbilo ine muthu a itelwa nga vhathu vhane vha sa vhe vhoramilayo a i langulwi kha vhulamukanyi vhunzhi. Samusi u langulwa ha ndaulo nga iwe muṋe hu ha u tou funa ngei England a zwi ṱanganedzwi, ndaulo ya khombekhombe ya mulayo i fanela u ḓivhadzwa Afurika Tshipembe. Mulayo wa Mbadelo dzine dza badelwa Ramilayo musi o kunda wa nomboro 66 wa 1997 mutengo wawo u guma kha 25% mutengo wa tshelede Afurika Tshipembe. Samusi tshikalo itsho tshi sa wanali ngei Ontario (Canada), tshikalo itsho tsha 25% Afurika Tshipembe tshi fanela u sedzuluswa hafhu. / Private Law / LL. M.

[pt] Práticas de terceirizações logísticas vêm sendo largamente utilizadas por empresas do Brasil e do mundo. A terceirização logística no Brasil já é um fato, e as empresas já perceberam as vantagens de terceirizar as atividades que não fazem parte de suas atividades fim para outras empresas especialistas em qualquer serviço logístico, os operadores logísticos. Metas como redução de custos, melhorias no nível de serviço e redução de ativos na operação contribuem para a prática da terceirização, tornando mais competitivas as empresas contratadoras de serviços. Dentro desse contexto, este trabalho descreve e analisa um estudo de caso de seleção e contratação de um prestador de serviços logísticos (PSL) para a Infoglobo, que é uma das principais empresas de mídia impressa do Brasil. O objetivo principal desta dissertação é analisar o processo de seleção e contratação de um prestador de serviços logísticos, de acordo com a literatura pesquisada. As conclusões indicam que a Infoglobo teve um processo de seleção e contratação estruturado, e segue a tendência da literatura atual de terceirização logística em relação aos motivadores da terceirização, atributos desejados dos PSLs, classificação e segmentação dos terceiros, fontes de informação para o processo seletivo, acordos de nível de serviço, compartilhamento de ganhos e relacionamento entre contratante e contratado. / [en] Outsourcing logistics practices have being widely used for Brazilian and world companies. The outsourcing logistics in Brazil is already a fact, and the enterprises have realized the advantages of outsourcing for 3PL specialists of activities that do not belong to the scope of its own core business. Goals such as cost reduction, service level improvements, operation assets reduction contribute for outsourcing practices, making the enterprises more competitive. Given this context, the case study examined in this dissertation describes and analyzes a selection and hiring practices of third-party logistics for Infoglobo, one of the main newspapers media companies in Brazil. The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the 3PL outsour cing process in accordance with the surveyed literature. The study has enabled us to identify that Infoglobo had a structured outsourcing process, and followed the trend of the current outsourcing literature, specially in topics such as outsourcing motivations, 3PL`s desired attributes, 3PL`s classification and segmentation, sources of information, service level agreement, gainsharing and relationship between the 3PL and Infoglobo.

Sammanfattning   Titel: Granskning av hållbarhetsredovisning - Granskares kunskap för att erhålla tillförlitlighet i granskningsprocessen   Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi   Författare: Sofia Eriksson och Pauline Ervenhag   Handledare: Tomas Källqvist och Pär Vilhelmson   Datum: 2019 – Juni   Syfte: Enligt tidigare forskning tenderar granskare av hållbarhetsredovisning att sakna tillräckligt med kunskap och utbildning för att bedöma redovisningens tillförlitlighet. Hållbarhetsredovisning är en del av revisionen som anses vara en svår uppgift, och därför är kunskap inom detta område viktigt. Syftet med studien var att öka förståelsen för vilken kunskap granskare av hållbarhetsredovisningar saknar vid granskningsprocessen för att erhålla tillförlitlighet.   Metod: För att kunna belysa och besvara studiens syfte genomfördes en studie baserad på kvalitativ metod. Avsikten var att skapa ökad förståelse och inblick i vilken kunskap granskare av hållbarhetsredovisning behöver och saknar. Studien utgick från ett abduktivt synsätt där den teoretiska referensramen och empirisk datainsamling har analyserats i samverkan med varandra. Uppsatsens syfte undersöktes bland annat med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med både bestyrkande-, granskande- och finansiella revisorer samt respondenter från FAR.   Resultat & slutsats: Studiens resultat visade att erfarenhet är den centrala källan till kunskap inom granskningsprocessen av hållbarhetsredovisningens tillförlitlighet. Ett exempel som belyser detta är att erfarenhet och lärandet av varandra har haft en inverkan på granskare under deras process att granska hållbarhetsredovisningar.   Examensarbetets bidrag: Vi har i denna studie kommit fram till två teoretiska bidrag då vi fann skillnader mellan vår teoretiska referensram och vårt empiriska material gällande granskares kunskap. Studiens första teoretiska bidrag visade att kunskap inte ses som en saknad vidare att erfarenhet är en viktig faktor för granskare under granskningsprocessen av hållbarhetsredovisningar. Detta relateras till praktisk klokhet och tacit knowledge eftersom kunskap kan uppkomma genom erfarenhet och lärandet av varandra. Studiens andra teoretiska bidrag visade att det finns en bakomliggande efterfrågan på utbildningar inom hållbarhetsredovisningens delar.   Förslag till vidare forskning: Vi finner ett fortsatt intresse av att se hur granskares arbetslivserfarenheter påverkar synen på kunskap utifrån erfarenhet. Därför är ett förslag till vidare forskning att genomföra en liknande studie med fler respondenter där hänsyn tas till arbetslivserfarenhet för att bidra till nya infallsvinklar.

La protection des intérêts des tiers des effets atteints résultant d'un jugement rendu entre deux parties constitue aujourd'hui, une exigence indispensable pour garantir la sécurité juridique. Les différentes législations se sont occupées de garantir les droits des tiers. L’objet de cette étude consiste à traiter l’efficacité des moyens donnés au tiers pour protéger ses droits en comparant le système libyen au système français. En effet, nous avons pu constater qu’il y a une différence entre les méthodes employées dans cette matière. Le droit libyen consacre toujours l’interprétation classique au principe de l’autorité relative et nie la possibilité qu’un jugement peut d’une manière ou une autre affecter le droit de tiers. Cette position de droit libyen est critiquable, car si le tiers n'est pas tenu par ce qui a été décidé dans une instance où il n’était ni partie ni représenté, ce dernier ne peut totalement ignorer l’existence du jugement ou éviter ses effets en s'appuyant sur le principe de la relativité de l’autorité de la chose jugée étant donné que la source du grief que le tiers peut subir ne résulte pas de cette autorité mais de l’opposabilité de jugement à son égard. En effet, le principe d’opposabilité du jugement oblige le tiers de reconnaître et de respecter la situation juridique née du jugement. C’est pour cette raison que nous espérons qu’une révision faite par le législateur libyen des textes législatifs relatifs à la tierce opposition pour donner au tiers véritable la possibilité d’attaquer le jugement par cette voie. Cette révision doit aussi étendre la règle concernant l’intervention en appel et en cassation pour autoriser au tiers d’intervenir à titre principale devant la Cour d’appel et à titre accessoire devant la Cour de cassation. / The protection of the interests of the third parties of the reached effects resulting from a judgment returned between two parts constitutes today, an indispensable requirement to guarantee the legal safety. Different legislation tried to guarantee the rights of thirds. The object of this study consists in treating the effectiveness of means given to the third to protect its rights by comparing the Libyan system with the French system. Indeed, we could note that there is a difference between methods used in this material. Libyan right always dedicates classical interpretation to the principle of the relating authority and disclaims possibility that a judgement can of one way or another affect the right of third party. This position of Libyan right is open to criticism, because if the third party is not kept by what one decided in an authority where it was not either left or represented, this last cannot completely be unaware of the existence of judgement or avoid the effects by leaning on the principle of the relativity of the res judicata given that the source of grievance which the third can suffer does not result from this authority but from the opposability of judgement against him. Indeed, the principle of opposability of judgement obliges the third party to admit and to respect the legal status born in judgement. It is for this reason that we hope that a revision made by the Libyan legislator of enactments relating to third party opposition to give to the true third party the possibility of attacking judgement by this way. This revision must also spread the rule concerning intervention in call and in annulment to allow in the third to intervene in title main before the court call and in secondary title before the court of annulment.