Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-57). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2007 / Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Social Work. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-71).

Thesis (Ph.D.) in Psychology--University of Maine, 2007. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-176).

Thesis (M.S.)--Springfield College, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (M.S.)--Springfield College, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

The overarching aim of this thesis was to examine factors that affect post-exercise glycaemia and contribute to minimising the risk of hypoglycaemia after exercise. An inability to regulate circulating insulin concentrations is considered the primary gluco-regulatory defect within T1DM. Therefore, the aim of chapter 3 was to examine the effects of pre-exercise rapid-acting insulin reductions on blood glucose responses before and after running in T1DM individuals, to test the hypothesis that reducing pre-exercise insulin dose may help preserve post-exercise glycaemia. The results demonstrate that a 75% reduction to pre-exercise rapidacing insulin dose best preserved blood glucose before and after exercise, without increasing the risk of ketoacidosis, and reduced the risk of hypoglycaemia in free living conditions for 24 hours following running. An important factor determining blood glucose concentrations and subsequent patterns of fuel oxidation is the rate of appearance of carbohydrate into the circulation. Potentially, low GI carbohydrates may raise blood glucose less and increase the percentage contribution of lipids as a fuel because of a slower digestion. Therefore, the aim of chapter 4 was to examine the metabolic and blood glucose responses to ingestion of a high or low GI carbohydrate, combined with a 75% reduced insulin dose, before, during and for 24 hours after running. The results demonstrate that compared to a high GI carbohydrate, the low GI carbohydrate increased blood glucose concentrations less before exercise and maintained blood glucose better for 24 hours after running, via lower carbohydrate and higher lipid oxidation rates during the latter stages of running. After manipulating both the insulin dose and the pre-exercise carbohydrate GI, to improve post-exercise blood glucose concentrations, the timing of the ingestion of carbohydrate (alongside a reduced insulin dose) before exercise is an important factor which may further refine these strategies. Therefore, chapter 5 examined the metabolic and blood glucose responses to alterations in the timing of carbohydrate feeding and insulin administration prior to running. Our results demonstrated that administration of both a reduced rapid-acting insulin dose and low GI carbohydrate 30 minutes before exercise improved glycaemia for 24 hours after running, by reductions in carbohydrate oxidation, leading to increased carbohydrate availability post-exercise.

The impact of acute resistance exercise (RE) on glycaemia in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) individuals is poorly understood. Yet, such knowledge would have great use in improving our understanding of blood glucose control during and after the performance of RE. Increasing research in this area might help minimise complications associated with blood glucose vulnerability and potentially maximise health benefits related to RE which are known to be obtained by people without diabetes. The overarching aim of this thesis was to examine the impact of acute RE on glycaemia in T1DM individuals, and promote confidence in people with T1DM to partake in this form of exercise and lead a more physically active lifestyle. Exercise volume, or the total weight lifted during a RE session, is a primary component in the design of a RE session. Therefore, Chapter 3 examined the acute impact of manipulating RE session volume in T1DM individuals. The results demonstrate that exercise volume is an important factor in determining the blood glucose responses to RE; specifically, blood glucose concentrations rose above rest for one hour after one and two sets of similar intensity RE, but this exercise-induced hyperglycaemia was attenuated by increasing the volume of exercise by addition of a similar intensity third set of RE. Additionally, performing morning RE after an overnight fast and in the absence of rapid-acting insulin, did not induce acute hypoglycaemia, ketoacidosis or raise a marker of muscle damage, but caused metabolic acidosis in a dose-dependent fashion. Exercise intensity is a characteristic that is integral to the design of a RE session, and this characteristic might play a role in explaining the exercise-induced hyperglycaemia caused by the thirty minute (two-set) RE sessions in Chapter 3. The aim of Chapter 4 was to examine the impact of manipulating exercise intensity in T1DM individuals. The findings from this study demonstrate that performing a low intensity RE session evoked a similar magnitude of post-exercise hyperglycaemia and metabolic acidosis than a higher intensity RE session, when sessions were matched for total weight lifted. In an attempt to alleviate the consistent exercise-induced hyperglycaemia presented by the two-set RE session, the aim of Chapter 5 was to implement a modified algorithm that delivers an individualized dose of rapid-acting insulin after morning RE, to counter acute post-exercise hyperglycaemia in T1DM individuals. The results demonstrate that post-exercise rapid-acting insulin injection delivered by means of an algorithm resulted in reductions to post-RE hyperglycaemia without the occurrence of hypoglycaemia during two hours after exercise. However, during the subsequent twenty hours of freely living conditions, T1DM individuals remained unprotected from post-exercise hypoglycaemia as per a control condition. Overall, the findings of this thesis underpin some important factors that determine the glycaemic and metabolic responses to acute performance of RE, which may facilitate the better management of blood glucose around this form of exercise, in T1DM individuals.

Thesis (doctoral)--Université Pari I--Panthéon-Sorbonne, 2003. / Title from Summary page ; description based on resource as of 2005-06-22. Includes bibliographical references and index.

Physical inactivity is one of the major public health problems in many parts of the World. In Scotland it is reported that two thirds of Scottish adults (>16yrs) and one third of Scottish children (<16yrs) do not do sufficient physical activity to gain the health benefits of physical activity. Furthermore, there is still much debate about the nature and volume of physical activity required to provide health benefits. Therefore, more investigations are required to help improve our understanding of the links between physical activity, obesity and health. In addition, the assessment of habitual physical activity needs to be accurately quantified using appropriate methods that are valid and reliable. The main aims of this thesis were thus to assess the validity and reliability of three new generations of movement sensing devices (Actigraph, ActivPAL and SenseWear PRO2) in adults and adolescents in a controlled laboratory environment and to then use the most valid and reliable device in assessing the habitual physical activity of adults (lean and overweigh/obese) and adolescents in a free-living situation. Following objectively assessing the habitual physical activity, investigation of the associations between physical activity status and cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk markers in adults and adolescents were the last main aims of this thesis. In the first study, the results indicated that the new generations of the three devices were reliable in assessing EE during walking on the flat and on a 5% incline in lean and overweight/obese adults and lean adolescents. However, none iii of these devices and the methods or programme versions that were selected and applied was able to accurately estimate EE during walking on a treadmill. However, based on the sensitivity data obtained and previous evidence, the Actigraph was considered the most appropriate device for assessing the habitual physical activity due to its ability to discriminate between physical activity intensities. The second and third studies concluded that adults (including lean and overweight/obese) met the recommended physical activity guidelines for health and wellbeing purposes. However, the data suggest that overweight/obese participants may need to be advised to spend more time in MVPA and probably more vigorous activity to not only reduce body fat but also to increase cardiorespiratory fitness and reduce their chances of future cardiovascular and metabolic disease. The fourth and fifth studies, demonstrated that the Scottish adolescents –in the cross sectional study- were below the recommended physical activity guidelines. When the method of physical activity assessment was adjusted the Scottish adolescents were similar to the adolescents in other European countries and were observed to be more active than adolescents in some of the developed countries such as American adolescents (Texas State). In the case of lean adolescents who have a low physical activity- but who are not sedentary- the cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk markers may not be obvious at this stage, but the differences in glucose and HOMA-IR suggest that there may be early signs of progression towards metabolic disease in this group. iv The importance of the associations between vigorous physical activity and body fat, as well as between body fat and the risk markers of metabolic disease, suggests that future intervention studies should focus on monitoring the outcome from vigorous physical activity interventions vs. moderate activity within current guidelines.

Esta dissertação trata da relação entre educação física e saúde mental e tem como principal objetivo discutir os sentidos que circulam em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) sobre a presença de professores de educação física e sobre as práticas desenvolvidas por eles no interior desse serviço. Sustenta-se no aporte teórico da Reforma Psiquiátrica e inspira-se metodologicamente na cartografia. Através da análise documental da legislação pertinente, de relatórios das conferências nacionais de saúde mental, da produção científica encontrada nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BIREME) e posterior “garimpagem” manual de outros textos acadêmicos; foram traçados movimentos de aproximação entre as políticas públicas em saúde mental e a educação física. O trabalho de campo foi realizado em três CAPS (do tipo II) da 1ª Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, os quais possuíam professores de educação física na composição de suas equipes. As observações variaram entre dois meses e um ano, e foram registradas em diários de campo. Do material produzido em campo foram selecionadas seis vinhetas que permitem visualizar pontos de tensão entre educação física e saúde mental no CAPS. Ao final da investigação foi possível perceber que a presença dos professores no CAPS exige destes a incorporação de códigos e funções sociais da instituição que não se resumem à simples implantação de programas de atividade física no interior do serviço, o que permite vislumbrar a constituição de uma “educação física que emerge do CAPS”, em contraposição a uma “educação física imposta no CAPS”. Ao mesmo tempo, a presença de professores e de suas práticas mobiliza códigos e funções na busca por outras formas de organizar o cuidado em saúde mental, identificadas com a reinserção social, a desinstitucionalização e a humanização. / This Master’s dissertation deals with the relationship between mental health and physical education. Its main objective is to discuss the issues about physical education teachers and the practices they develop in the Centers for Psychosocial Care (CAPS). This dissertation is based on the theoretical contribution of the Psychiatric Reform and is inspired methodologically on cartography. Through the examination of the relevant legislation; reports of national conferences on mental health; scientific production found in databases of the Virtual Health Library (BIREME) and; other academic manuscripts, approaching movements between mental health public policy and physical education were outlined. Field work was conducted on three CAPS (type II) of the 1st Regional Health Coordination of the Rio Grande do Sul state, which had physical education teachers in their teams. The observations ranged from two months to one year, and were recorded in a field log. From the material produced during the field work, six vignettes that demonstrate tension points between mental health and physical education in CAPS were selected. At the end of the investigation it was possible to comprehend that the presence of teachers in the CAPS requires them to incorporate codes and social functions of the institution which is not restricted to the simple implementation of physical activity programmes within the service. This allows the formation of the idea of "physical education that emerges from CAPS”, as opposed to a" physical education imposed in CAPS". At the same time, the presence of teachers and their practices mobilizes codes and functions in the search for other ways to organize the mental health care identified with social reintegration, deinstitutionalization and humanization. / Esta disertación trata de la relación entre educación física y salud mental y tiene como principal objetivo discutir los sentidos que circulan en Centros de Atención Psicosocial (CAPS) sobre la presencia de profesores de educación física y sobre las prácticas desarrolladas por ellos en el interior de ese servicio. Se sustenta en el aporte teórico de la Reforma Psiquiátrica y se inspira metodológicamente en la cartografia. A través del análisis documental de la legislación pertinente, de relatórios de las conferencias nacionales de salud mental, de la producción científica encontrada en las bases de datos de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BIREME) y posterior “exploración” manual de otros textos academicos; fueron trazados movimientos de aproximación entre las políticas públicas en salud mental y la educación física. El trabajo de campo fue realizado en 3 CAPS (do tipo II) de la 1ª Coordinación Regional de Salud del estado de Rio Grande do Sul, los cuales poseían profesores de educación física en la composición de sus equipos. Las observaciones variaron entre 2 meses y 1 año, y fueron registradas en diarios de campo. Del material produzido en campo fueron seleccionadas seis viñetas que permiten visualizar puntos de tensión entre educación física y salud mental en el CAPS. Al final de la investigación fue posible percibir que la presencia de los profesores en los CAPS exige de estes la incorporación de códigos y funciones sociales de la institución que no se resume a una simples implantación de programas de actividad fisica en el interior del servicio, lo que permite vislumbrar la constitución de una “educación fisica que emerge del CAPS” en contraposición a una “educación fisica impuesta en el CAPS”. Al mismo tiempo, la presencia de profesores y de sus prácticas mobiliza códigos y funciones en la búsqueda por otras formas de organizar el cuidado en salud mental identificados con la reinserción social, la desinstitucionalización y la humanización.