Orientador: Lucila Chebel Labaki / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T17:16:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rancura_RaquelLeticia_M.pdf: 15771429 bytes, checksum: c88f737c60001f5fae7aa4afcaf3cfe4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Nos últimos anos, o conforto térmico em espaços externos têm sido amplamente pesquisado no Brasil e no exterior. Praças, parques, bosques, ambientes de passagem, ruas, bairros, muitas são as possibilidades. Contudo, as situações encontradas nestes ambientes, quando comparadas com ambientes internos, são bem mais complexas, uma vez que envolvem uma maior variação de fatores ambientais. Há poucos estudos envolvendo trabalhadores em ambientes externos, sendo a maior parte voltados a atividades de lazer. A avaliação de conforto térmico em espaços externos necessita que se leve em consideração a radiação solar, não considerada nos ambientes internos. O fator psicológico relacionado às expectativas geradas pelo ambiente ao ar livre também tem sido amplamente estudado. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as condições de conforto térmico e sua diferente percepção entre trabalhadores e usuários nas feiras livres que acontecem na cidade de Indaiatuba/SP, nos finais de semana. A metodologia constou da medição de parâmetros ambientais e aplicação de questionários junto aos trabalhadores e usuários, para identificar a atividade desenvolvida, a vestimenta, a sensação e satisfação térmica. Os índices aplicados foram o ASV (Action Sensation Vote) e o PET (Phisiological Equivalent Temperature). O ASV é um índice empírico que indica a sensação real de conforto, obtido através de questionário e o PET é um índice amplamente utilizado para espaços externos. Os resultados permitiram correlacionar o ASV ao PET, observando-se divergência entre o conforto calculado e o real. Também a Temperatura Neutra ao Exterior (TNE), foi calculada e analisada. Determinou-se para a mesma um intervalo de conforto, em função da temperatura do ar externo. A análise estatística demonstrou que há diferença significativa na sensação de conforto de usuários e trabalhadores, bem como permitiu um melhor entendimento da TNE / Abstract: In the last years, the thermal comfort in outdoor spaces has been widely researched in Brazil and abroad. Squares, parks, outdoor leisure areas, passageways, streets, neighborhoods, the possibilities are many, however, a comparative study between indoor and outdoor environments is much more complex, due to a greater variation of environmental factors.There are few studies involving workers in outdoor environments, most of them focused on leisure activities. The evaluation of thermal comfort in outdoor spaces requires that solar radiation be taken into account, unlike the study of indoor environments.The psychological factor related to the expectation generated by outdoor environments has also been widely studied. The aim of this research is to analyze the thermal comfort conditions in the open markets in Indaiatuba / SP, on weekends. The methodology consisted of the measurement of environmental parameters and questionnaires applied to the workers and users, in order to identify the activity performed, clothing, thermal sensation and well being. The indexes used were the ASV (Action Sensation Vote) and PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature). The ASV is an empirical index that indicates a real sense of comfort, and is obtained through a questionnaire. PET is an index widely used for outdoor spaces. The results made it possible to correlate ASV with PET, once the discrepancy between calculated and real comfort were observed. Abroad Neutral Temperature (TNE) was also calculated and analyzed. A range of a comfort zone was determined by taking into account the outside air temperature. Statistical analysis showed that there is significant difference in user's perception of comfort as opposed to workers'. This study allowed for a better understanding of TNE / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Orientador: Lucila Chebel Labaki / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T15:29:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Morelli_DeniseDamasdeOliveira_M.pdf: 6575370 bytes, checksum: 1f59559ab2e6012fbec25ff57fbc1c65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A vegetação como estratégia bioclimática é bastante conhecido de profissionais, tanto do meio acadêmico quanto da construção. Há poucos estudos sobre a eficácia das paredes verdes na criação de ambientes confortáveis. Como elemento de fachada, a vegetação pode minimizar o ganho de calor, proporcionando uma melhor condição no conforto térmico das edificações. A adoção desse elemento de fachada deve estar presente desde o início do programa para a elaboração do projeto arquitetônico. No presente trabalho foi realizado um levantamento e análise do comportamento da vegetação e sua contribuição para atenuar o ganho de calor no interior da edificação, com os seguintes indicadores: conforto térmico, orientação da fachada, estética, manutenção e conservação da edificação e vegetação. A pesquisa foi realizada em dois segmentos. O primeiro, um estudo de caso na cidade de Campinas com avaliação do desempenho térmico de dois edifícios de construção idêntica, diferenciando-se apenas pela presença de trepadeira na fachada. Avaliou-se o comportamento da trepadeira Parthenocissus Tricuspidata (hera japonesa), e seus efeitos na temperatura do ar, umidade relativa, velocidade do vento, temperatura superficial da parede interna e externa. A análise das temperaturas do ambiente externo e interno foi comparada com as respostas sobre a sensação de conforto térmico obtidas de entrevistas aplicadas aos moradores das edificações, permitindo determinar as condições limite do conforto térmico. No segundo momento, realizou-se um estudo experimental em três células-teste, comparando-se o desempenho térmico de uma parede sem trepadeira, uma segunda com trepadeira na fachada e a última com trepadeira sobre treliça afastada 20 cm da parede. Os resultados permitem concluir que o uso da vegetação trepadeira nas fachadas atenua o ganho de calor nas edificações no período mais quente. Esse estudo demonstrou também que, no uso do sistema de parede verde, no que se refere ao desempenho térmico, fachadas com trepadeira e com trepadeira sobre treliça são igualmente indicadas. / Abstract: The use of vegetation as bioclimatic strategy is well-known by researchers and professionals from the construction sector. There are few studies, however, about the effectiveness of the green walls in creating comfortable environments. As façade element, the vegetation can minimize heat gain, providing a better thermal comfort condition in the buildings. The adoption of this façade element should be present from the beginning of the program for elaboration of architectural project. In this work it was accomplished a survey and analysis of the green wall behavior and its contribution to attenuate the heat gain inside the construction having in mind the following indicators: thermal comfort, orientation of the façade, aesthetics, maintenance and preservation of the construction and vegetation. The research was accomplished in two segments. First, a study case in the city of Campinas, through evaluation of the thermal performance of two buildings with identical construction, the only difference between them being the presence of creeper in the façade. The behavior of the creeper Parthenocissus Tricuspidata (Japanese -ivy), was evaluated and its effects on air temperature, relative humidity and air speed, as well as superficial temperature of the internal and external wall. The analysis of the external and internal environment temperatures was compared with the answers about thermal comfort and sensation obtained through interviews applied to the inhabitants of the constructions, allowing determining the limits of thermal comfort conditions. In the second moment it was accomplished an experimental study in three cells-tests, by comparing the performance of a wall without creeper, a wall with creeper in the façade, and in the last case a wall with creeper on latticework 20 cm distant from the wall. The results allow the conclusion that the use of the vegetation creeper in façades attenuates the heat gain in buildings in hotter periods. The study also demonstrated that, as referring to thermal performance, the creeper directly in the façade as well as on the 20 cm distant latticework is equally indicated. / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

No presente trabalho, considerou o estudo do potencial de utilização de sacos de cimento e embalagens de longa vida com o intuito de agregar valor a esses resíduos, mediante a fabricação de painéis de partículas para uso como forro em protótipos de galpões avícolas. Para fabricação desse material foi utilizado sacos de cimento descartados nas obras civis, embalagens longa vida residuais e resina poliuretana bicomponente à base de óleo de mamona. O estudo foi dividido em quatro etapas: 1) Caracterização da matéria-prima (sacos de cimento); 2) Efeito da densidade e teor de resina nas propriedades físicas, mecânicas e térmicas de painéis de partículas de saco de cimento; 3) Avaliação do desempenho de embalagens longa vida e verniz como revestimentos dos painéis selecionados na etapa anterior; 4) Determinação do desempenho térmico de protótipos de aviários executados em escala reduzida e distorcida com forro de painel de saco de cimento e embalagem longa vida. Os resultados obtidos indicaram: Em razão do painel com 0,6 g.cm-3 e 12% de resina ter apresentado melhor desempenho nas propriedades investigadas, essa combinação foi selecionada para avaliar o desempenho do material (físicas, mecânicas e térmicas) quando revestido com embalagens longa vida, adotando a testemunha e o verniz como um revestimento comparativo. Dentre os revestimentos avaliados, os painéis com embalagens de longa vida, foram superiores aos revestidos com verniz, quando comparados as suas propriedades físicas, mecânicas e térmicas. Dessa maneira, painéis com 0,6 g.cm-3 e 12% de resina revestidos embalagens longa vida, foram testados como forro quanto ao desempenho térmico (primavera, verão, outono e inverno) em protótipos em escala reduzida e distorcida, mediante a determinação de índices de conforto térmico (Entalpia e IAPfc) para aves de corte. A associação do forro sob o protótipo permitiu reduzir a temperatura interna do ar e dos índices de conforto térmico na primavera, verão e outono, enquanto que no inverno não foi constatado eficácia do material. Dentre as estações estudadas, o verão e a primavera, demonstraram serem as épocas mais críticas para criação de aves corte em instalações avícolas que apresentem características semelhantes aos protótipos experimentais. / In this study, the study of the potential use of cement bags and long-life packaging is considered in order to add value to this waste, by manufacturing particleboards as insulating panels in poultry house facilities. For the production of this material cement bags discarded in civil works, long-life packaging discarded by consumers and two-component polyurethane resin based on castor oil base were used. The study was structured in four steps: 1) Characterization of the raw material (cement bags), 2) Effect of the density and the level of resin on the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of cement particles bag panels, 3) Evaluation of long-life packaging and varnish as a coating of selected panels in precedent step and 4) Evaluation of thermal performance of poultry prototypes in reduced and distorted scale with the long-life packaging as a coating material. The cement bags were disintegrated and transformed into particles with the 8% of moisture content. Subsequently, these particles were mixed with bicomponent polyurethane based on castor oil resin and taken into a planetary mixer (MT120) in order to homogenize the mixture of the particles with the resin. Panels were made for three different densities (0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 g.cm-3) with two resin levels (12 and 15%) and their physical, mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated. Because the panel with 0.6 g.cm-3 and 12% resin have shown a better performance in the investigated properties, this combination has been selected to evaluate the performance of the material (physical, mechanical and thermal) when coated with long-life packaging, adopting the control and the varnish as a comparative coating. Among the evaluated coatings, panels with long-life packaging, presented higher performance than those coated with varnish regarding their physical, mechanical and thermal properties. Thus, the combination of 0.6 g.cm-3 and 12% resin coated long-life packages were tested as lining according the thermal performance (spring, summer, autumn and winter) in prototypes and small-distorted scale by determining thermal comfort indices (Enthalpy and IAPfc) for broilers. The association of lining under the prototype reduced indoor air temperature and thermal comfort indices in spring, summer and autumn, while during the winter no effectiveness of the material was observed. Among the studied seasons, the spring and summer, proved to be the most critical time for cut birds breeding in poultry houses that have characteristics similar to experimental prototypes.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-08-09T18:51:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Angelica Felicidade Guiao Marcato Costa.pdf: 6983771 bytes, checksum: e089e3b3d7f78909e4f38042918f6ae1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T18:51:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angelica Felicidade Guiao Marcato Costa.pdf: 6983771 bytes, checksum: e089e3b3d7f78909e4f38042918f6ae1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-28 / This research aimed to compare the thermal performance provided in experimental modules, one of these was performed with conventional cover, made of asbestos cement tiles, and another with green cover. As an experimental research proposal of methodology, we sought alternatives of a sustainable nature to elaborate the studied modules, opting for the use of dry construction in Light Steel Frame. From the construction of the modules, in a wide place and without the interference of shading, measuring instruments were installed in the inner part of themselves, where the of air temperature and relative humidity were collected. From the data, representative episodes were determined for the studies, which were evaluated for the degree of thermal comfort provided to the modules by the cover systems under study. As a result, it was observed that the module with green roof had better performance than the module with conventional cover, in all the selected episodes, maintaining with lower internal temperature fluctuation throughout the days, indicating that the green roof has characteristic Thermal insulation, reducing the heat flow from the roof. / Esta pesquisa visou comparar o desempenho térmico proporcionado em módulos experimentais, sendo um executado com cobertura convencional, constituída por telhas de fibrocimento, e outro dotado de cobertura verde. Como pesquisa experimental, buscou-se alternativas de cunho sustentável para elaboração dos módulos estudados, optando-se pelo uso de construção seca, em Light Steel Frame. A partir da construção dos módulos, em local amplo e sem a interferência de sombreamento, foram instalados instrumentos de medição na parte interna destes, onde foram coletados dados de temperatura do ar e umidade relativa do ar. A partir dos dados, foram determinados episódios representativos para os estudos, que foram avaliados quanto ao grau de conforto térmico proporcionado aos módulos pelos sistemas de cobertura em estudo. Como resultado, constatou-se que o módulo com telhado verde, teve melhor desempenho que o módulo com cobertura convencional, em todos os episódios selecionados, mantendo-se com menor flutuação de temperatura interna ao longo dos dias, indicando que o telhado verde possui característica de isolante térmico, reduzindo o fluxo de calor proveniente da cobertura.

Providing conditioned and fully controlled room is the final goal for having a comfortable building. But on the other hand making smart controllers to provide the required cooling or heating load depending on occupants' real time feeling is necessary. This study has emphasized on finding a meaningful and steady state parameter in human body that can be interpreted as comfort criterion which can be expressed as the general occupants' sensation through their ambient temperature. There are lots of researches on human physiological behavior in different situations and also different body parts reaction to the same ambient situation. Body parts which have the biggest reliable linear fluctuation to the changes are the best subject for this research. For these tests, wrist and palm have been selected and their temperatures on different people have been measured accurately with thermal camera to follow the temperature trend on various comfort levels. It is found that each person reaches to his own unique temperature on these two spots, when he/ she feels comfortable, or in other word each person's body temperature is a precise nominate for comfort feeling of that individual. So in future by having this unique comfort parameter and applying them to the HVAC system temperature control, controlling the dynamic temperature and correlating the indoor condition depending on the occupants instant thermal comfort level, would be a rational choice to bring convenience while energy has been saved more.

Termisk komfort har en avgörande roll för människors välmående och trivsel i inomhusmiljöer. Alltför ofta underskattas materialens betydelse för termisk komfort och ventilationssystem överskattas, men faktum är att grundförutsättningar för termisk komfort påverkas mest av materialrelaterade faktorer. Exempelvis så fort vi stiger in i ett rum, börjar vi förlora och erhålla värme till och från olika material i vår omgivning på grund av materialens strålningsegenskaper, när vi går barfota på ett golv som är svalare än vår fot börjar värme strömma från vår fot till materialet på grund av materialets värmeledningsegenskaper och vid svängningar i utomhustemperaturen är det i första hand materialens värmetröghet som avgör jämnheten för inomhustemperaturen. Rapportens syfte kommer ligga i identifikation av egenskaper som påverkar termisk komfort iträ- och betongkonstruktioner, samt att undersöka i vilken utsträckning dessa egenskaper som påverkar termisk komfort skiljer mellan materialen. Trots att det finns tillräckligt mycket kunskap relaterad till byggmaterial för att besvararapportens syfte, saknas det en studie som utrett och jämfört vilka egenskaper som skiljer mellan trä- och betongkonstruktioner och i vilken utsträckning i avseende på termisk komfort. Av den anledningen kommer denna rapport att vara en forsknings- och litteraturöversikt, men är unik på så sätt att analysen binder samman byggnadsmaterials egenskaper och termisk komfort. Det byggnadsmaterialet vars egenskaper skapade bäst grundförutsättningar för rekommenderad termisk komfort visade sig vara betong. Den största anledningen är betongens höga värmetröghet, med andra ord betongens förmåga att lagra värme från dagen då det är varmare och släppa ut på natten då det är kallare, vilket bidrar till att en relativt jämn innetemperatur uppnås. / Thermal comfort has a decisive role for the well-being and overall comfort for humans in indoor environments. Too often, the importance of materials is underestimated for thermal comfort and ventilation systems are overestimated, but the fact is that basic conditions for thermal comfort are mostly affected by material related factors. For example, as soon as we walk into a room, we begin to lose and gain heat to and from different material in our environment because of the radiation properties of the material. When we place a warm foot on a cooler floor, heat will flow from our foot to the material due to the thermal conductivity of the material and when fluctuations occur in the outdoor temperature, it is primarily the thermal effusivity of thematerial that determines the smoothness of the indoor temperature. The purpose of this report is to identify the properties that affect thermal comfort in wood and concrete structures, as well as to investigate to which extent these properties affecting the rmalcomfort differ between the materials. Although there is enough knowledge related to building materials to answer my purpose, there is no study that analyses and compares which characteristics distinguish between wood and concrete structures and to what extent in terms of thermal comfort. For this reason, this report will be a research and literature review, but it is unique in that it binds together building materials characteristics and thermal comfort. The building material whose properties created the best conditions for recommended thermal comfort proved to be concrete. The biggest reason is the high thermal effusivity of concrete, in other words, the ability to store heat during the day when it is warmer and release it at night when it is colder, which results in a relatively even internal temperature.

This diploma thesis is focused on the matter of radiation heating, thermal comfort maintenance and setting optimal operation parameters for heating system equipped with radiation panels. The research section summarizes the effects most important for thermal comfort, methods of its determination, heat exchange distribution between the human body and its environment, and technical possibilities of heating car interiors. The central points of this work are the simulation of car interiors heated with radiation panels and the evaluation of thermal comfort with a virtual mannequin. Thermal state was determined via the equivalent temperature and thermal comfort zones diagram (method by O.H. Nilsson). Forty-two simulated scenarios led us to conclude that thermal comfort is not possible to obtain with panels exuding a maximum temperature of 43 °C and the combination of several heat sources is required. Nevertheless radiation heating considerably contributes to energy savings without the loss of thermal comfort in assessed car.

This thesis is concerned with the creation of indoor air and requirements on it, describes the components of the internal environment, in particular the formation of carbon dioxide and its properties. It also deals with the experimental measurement of the concentration of carbon dioxide in the classrooms and the subsequent evaluation according to the valid legal regulations. In the last part, I dealt with a proposal for the creation of internal systems that are specified by the building.

The task of this master´s thesis is an evaluation of warm-air heating system in a low energy family house from the viewpoint of thermal comfort during winter season. The CFD simulation using CCM+ code was used for this purpose. The environment parameters in the central living room were evaluated for two variants – with underfloor heating and without it. The thermal comfort was evaluated using indices according ČSN EN ISO 7730 standard.

The diploma thesis is focused on ventilation and simulation of heating in small transport aircraft EV-55 cabin. First part explains an impact of thermal environment on human health and describes restrictions and recommendations forced on inner aircraft environment. In the first part are also clarified conditions of comfortable environment and thermal comfort evaluation for passengers via PMV and PPD index. The second part contains results from simulation of aircraft cabin environment. Inlet ventilation airflow and cabin heating is simulated via simulation mean Theseus-FE 3.0. The simulation results are evaluated for thermal comfort degree and optimal cabin insulation with optimal temperature and volume flow rate of inlet air is specified.