Detta examensarbete beskriver optimeringsprocessen för ett fönster utifrån relevanta parametrar som tillämpas i Miljöbyggnad 3.0 med avseende på energi och inomhusmiljö. Miljöbyggnad 3.0 är ett miljöcertifieringsystem som bygger på Boverkets Byggregler och Arbetsmiljöverkets regler om arbetsmiljö. De parametrar som fönsterstorleken optimerats utifrån är solvärmelasten, värmeeffektbehovet, den specifika energianvändningen, dagsljuset samt det termiska inneklimatet sommar- och vinter. För betyget i Miljöbyggnad 3.0 på dessa parametrar har fönstrets storlek i förhållande till rummets storlek en avgörande betydelse. Objekten för studien bestod av två typrum, ett behandlingsrum och ett kontorsrum, som kommer att ligga i en framtida byggnad vid Kalmars Länssjukhus. Med hjälp av utredningar och jämförelser mellan teoretiska utgångspunkter och praktiska simuleringar på relevanta parametrar som tillämpas i Miljöbyggnad 3.0 har endast två fönstermått valts för att uppnå minst betygen SILVER i Miljöbyggnad 3.0. Påverkan av invändiga solskydd har även studerats i arbetet.

O ser humano consome grandes quantidades de energia para satisfazer as suas necessidades de conforto. Dentro do setor automotivo, depois da energia consumida com a mobilidade em si, o ar condicionado é o maior consumidor. O sistema de climatização para aplicações automotivas tem características particulares, diferentes de sistemas de climatização para outros ambientes. Em uma aplicação automotiva a variação de condições é bastante significativa, como por exemplo, a carga solar que é imposta, a velocidade do veículo, umidade do ar, as temperaturas interna e externa, variação do número e da posição dos ocupantes no interior do veículo, diferentes regimes de rotação e carga do motor, etc. O sistema deve, portanto, ser projetado para funcionar sob todas estas condições e propiciar condições de conforto térmico com o menor consumo de energia. No presente trabalho o objetivo é o projeto e a simulação de um ciclo de refrigeração que atenda aos requerimentos de carga térmica para um automóvel compacto em um ensaio específico realizado em túnel de vento. A partir da carga térmica, o ciclo de refrigeração é dimensionado seguindo-se o procedimento de projeto, que engloba o dimensionamento dos componentes principais como compressor, condensador, evaporador e o dispositivo de expansão. Os resultados dos cálculos teóricos são comparados com o dimensionamento do veículo real, permitindo se chegar a conclusões sobre o projeto. A avaliação do desempenho do sistema projetado é realizada por meio de um procedimento de simulação proposto, e os resultados comparados com os do veículo testado. O objeto de estudo é o sistema de refrigeração de um veículo compacto de quatro portas de fabricação nacional, submetido a um teste de desempenho do ciclo em um túnel de vento. O procedimento de dimensionamento pode ser usado para o projeto básico do sistema de refrigeração. Os resultados obtidos com o modelo de simulação proposto são bastante razoáveis. O modelo pode ser utilizado para prever o resultado de modificações no ciclo de refrigeração, como a troca de componentes, ou mesmo para prever o funcionamento do sistema sob outras condições de operação. A utilização do modelo fica restrita aos limites da validade dos modelos semi-empíricos dos componentes, não sendo recomendada a utilização fora desses limites. Ainda assim, a faixa de aplicação é grande o suficiente para simular a maioria das condições de trabalho encontradas na climatização veicular. / Human being spends a large amount of energy to satisfy its comfort needs. In the automotive applications, air conditioning is the second larger energy consumption system, after the mobility system itself. The refrigeration system for automotive application has peculiar characteristics, which are different from other refrigeration systems (e.g. buildings, food refrigeration, etc). In an automotive application, variation of several conditions are highly significant, such as the sun load, ambient temperature and humidity, the number and position of the occupants inside the vehicle, different engine loads and speeds and so on. The system must, therefore, be designed to operate satisfactorily under all these conditions and to provide thermal comfort with smallest possible energy consumption. The objective of this work is to present the project and simulation of a refrigeration cycle for a compact size vehicle in order to meet thermal load requirements of a specific wind tunnel test. From the thermal load, the refrigeration cycle is designed according to a design procedure, which includes the sizing of main components such as compressor, condenser, evaporator and expansion device. The results of the calculations are compared with the actual vehicle design. The performance evaluation is achieved by using a proposed simulation procedure, and the simulation results are compared with the actual vehicle test results. The study is conducted on the refrigerating system of a 4-door compact size vehicle locally manufactured, which was submitted to a refrigeration cycle performance test in a wind tunnel. The design procedure can be used for sizing a baseline refrigeration cycle. The results achieved with the proposed simulation model are acceptable. The model can be used to predict the impact of a modification in refrigeration cycle such as a component change, or even to predict the system balance point under different operating conditions. The application of the model is restricted to the range of validation of the component semiempirical models, so that the use beyond these limits is not recommended. The range of application, however, is wide enough to accommodate most of the operating conditions found in the vehicular refrigeration applications.

O ser humano consome grandes quantidades de energia para satisfazer as suas necessidades de conforto. Dentro do setor automotivo, depois da energia consumida com a mobilidade em si, o ar condicionado é o maior consumidor. O sistema de climatização para aplicações automotivas tem características particulares, diferentes de sistemas de climatização para outros ambientes. Em uma aplicação automotiva a variação de condições é bastante significativa, como por exemplo, a carga solar que é imposta, a velocidade do veículo, umidade do ar, as temperaturas interna e externa, variação do número e da posição dos ocupantes no interior do veículo, diferentes regimes de rotação e carga do motor, etc. O sistema deve, portanto, ser projetado para funcionar sob todas estas condições e propiciar condições de conforto térmico com o menor consumo de energia. No presente trabalho o objetivo é o projeto e a simulação de um ciclo de refrigeração que atenda aos requerimentos de carga térmica para um automóvel compacto em um ensaio específico realizado em túnel de vento. A partir da carga térmica, o ciclo de refrigeração é dimensionado seguindo-se o procedimento de projeto, que engloba o dimensionamento dos componentes principais como compressor, condensador, evaporador e o dispositivo de expansão. Os resultados dos cálculos teóricos são comparados com o dimensionamento do veículo real, permitindo se chegar a conclusões sobre o projeto. A avaliação do desempenho do sistema projetado é realizada por meio de um procedimento de simulação proposto, e os resultados comparados com os do veículo testado. O objeto de estudo é o sistema de refrigeração de um veículo compacto de quatro portas de fabricação nacional, submetido a um teste de desempenho do ciclo em um túnel de vento. O procedimento de dimensionamento pode ser usado para o projeto básico do sistema de refrigeração. Os resultados obtidos com o modelo de simulação proposto são bastante razoáveis. O modelo pode ser utilizado para prever o resultado de modificações no ciclo de refrigeração, como a troca de componentes, ou mesmo para prever o funcionamento do sistema sob outras condições de operação. A utilização do modelo fica restrita aos limites da validade dos modelos semi-empíricos dos componentes, não sendo recomendada a utilização fora desses limites. Ainda assim, a faixa de aplicação é grande o suficiente para simular a maioria das condições de trabalho encontradas na climatização veicular. / Human being spends a large amount of energy to satisfy its comfort needs. In the automotive applications, air conditioning is the second larger energy consumption system, after the mobility system itself. The refrigeration system for automotive application has peculiar characteristics, which are different from other refrigeration systems (e.g. buildings, food refrigeration, etc). In an automotive application, variation of several conditions are highly significant, such as the sun load, ambient temperature and humidity, the number and position of the occupants inside the vehicle, different engine loads and speeds and so on. The system must, therefore, be designed to operate satisfactorily under all these conditions and to provide thermal comfort with smallest possible energy consumption. The objective of this work is to present the project and simulation of a refrigeration cycle for a compact size vehicle in order to meet thermal load requirements of a specific wind tunnel test. From the thermal load, the refrigeration cycle is designed according to a design procedure, which includes the sizing of main components such as compressor, condenser, evaporator and expansion device. The results of the calculations are compared with the actual vehicle design. The performance evaluation is achieved by using a proposed simulation procedure, and the simulation results are compared with the actual vehicle test results. The study is conducted on the refrigerating system of a 4-door compact size vehicle locally manufactured, which was submitted to a refrigeration cycle performance test in a wind tunnel. The design procedure can be used for sizing a baseline refrigeration cycle. The results achieved with the proposed simulation model are acceptable. The model can be used to predict the impact of a modification in refrigeration cycle such as a component change, or even to predict the system balance point under different operating conditions. The application of the model is restricted to the range of validation of the component semiempirical models, so that the use beyond these limits is not recommended. The range of application, however, is wide enough to accommodate most of the operating conditions found in the vehicular refrigeration applications.

The diploma thesis is consisting of theoretic part, which deal with used ventilating systems, ways of waste heat recovery and describe basic types of air-conditioning systems. Following part attend to design of ventilating system and multi-split air-conditioning system for flat. Part of design of ventilation system is calculation of noise levels in rooms. Air-conditioner design is based on calculation of thermal stress. Annual demand of cold and heat demand are calculated using TRANSYS software. Design documentation is part of the diploma thesis.

The diploma thesis is consisting of theoretic part, which deals with used ventilating systems, describes basic types of air-conditioning systems and basic characteristics and diversification of radiant cooling systems. Following part attend to design of ventilating system and radiant cooling system for cooling of the flat. Design of the ventilation systém is based on minimum air flow per person. Design of the radiant cooling system is based on calculation of thermal loads. Design documentation is part of the diploma thesis as well as the calculations made in excel.

Master thesis is focused on the research of influence of selected substantial parameters on stress – strain states in the deep groove radial ball bearing. The influence of radial load is analyzed, such as the influence of size of the bearing and row of the bearing, also influence of radial clearance is quantified. Next, the influence of thermal distribution in the bearing is analyzed for different combinations of thermal distributions and radial clearances. Conclusions from analyses are then used in the last task – suggestion of radial clearance for customer – specified assembly. Problem is solved using the finite element method (FEM) in pre/post processor MSC.Patran and solver MSC.Marc. To make analyses faster the substantial parameters are implemented in the algorithm for automatic generation of the bearing calculation (batch file).The theme of this thesis was commissioned by ZKL - Research and development, a. s.

Diploma thesis is composed of theoretical and practical part. In theoretical part there are findings related to structure changes of concrete exposed to high temperatures. Models used to simulate high temperature exposure of concrete are described in this thesis. Evaluation of internal structure damage is appropriate by using non-destructive methods, which determine dynamic modulus of elasticity in compression and tension. These methods includes ultrasonic impulse method and resonation method and therefore research was made of articles contains these methods. In experimental part of diploma thesis the test specimens was made from repair materials from UTHD and commercially produced repair materials. The test specimens were subjected to thermal load: 200, 400, 600, 800 °C. Damage of internal structure was examined by ultrasonic impulse method and resonation method.

This thesis presents performance evaluation and a field validation study of a time and temperature indexed autoregressive with exogenous (4-3-5 ARX) building thermal load prediction model with an aim to integrate the model with actual predictive control systems. The 4-3-5 ARX model is very simple and computationally efficient with relatively high prediction accuracy compared to the existing sophisticated prediction models, such as artificial neural network prediction models. However, performance evaluation and field validation of the model are essential steps before implementing the model in actual practice. The performance of the model was evaluated under different climate conditions as well as under modeling uncertainty. A field validation study was carried out for three buildings at Mississippi State University. The results demonstrate that the 4-3-5 ARX model can predict building thermal loads in an accurate manner most of the times, indicating that the model can be readily implemented in predictive control systems.

The energy used by building sector accounts for approximately 40% of the total energy usage. In residential buildings, 30-60% of this energy is used for space heating which is mainly wasted by transmission heat losses. A share of 20-30% is lost by the discarded residential wastewater and the rest is devoted to ventilation heat loss.   The main objective of this work was to evaluate the thermal potential of residential wastewater for improving the performance of mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR) systems during the coldest periods of year. The recovered heat from wastewater was used to preheat the incoming cold outdoor air to the MVHR in order to avoid frost formation on the heat exchanger surface.   Dynamic simulations using TRNSYS were used to evaluate the performance of the suggested air preheating systems as well as the impact of air preheating on the entire system. Temperature control systems were suggested based on the identified frost thresholds in order to optimally use the limited thermal capacity of wastewater and maintain high temperature efficiency of MVHR. Two configurations of air preheating systems with temperature stratified and unstratified tanks were designed and compared. A life cycle cost analysis further investigated the cost effectiveness of the studied systems.   The results obtained by this research work indicated that residential wastewater had the sufficient thermal potential to reduce the defrosting need of MVHR systems (equipped with a plate heat exchanger) in central Swedish cities to 25%. For colder regions in northern Sweden, the defrosting time was decreased by 50%. The temperature control systems could assure MVHR temperature efficiencies of more than 80% for most of the heating season while frosting period was minimized. LCC analysis revealed that wastewater air preheating systems equipped with temperature stratified and unstratified storage tanks could pay off their costs in 17 and 8 years, respectively. / <p>QC 20190830</p>

<p>U disertaciji je prikazan postupak razvoja modela praćenja procesnih parametara štampe tekstilnih materijala koji za rezultat ima kvalitetnu i postojanu štampu sa upravljivim i predvidivim procesom. U radu su date osnove praćenja procesnih parametara štampe tekstilnih materijala. Pratio se uticaj povećanja broja nanosa boje na različitim tekstilnim materijalima, i njihov uticaj na otpornost odštampanih uzoraka na svetlost, pranje, toplotno dejstvo i trljanje što je osnova razvoja modela disertacije.</p> / <p>The dissertation presents development of the process parameters monitoring model for textile printing which provides high-quality and consistent printing with controllable and predictable process parameters. The thesis provides the basis for monitoring of textile printing process parameters such as influence of number of ink layers printed on light fastness, washing fastness, scrubbing and thermal treatment various textile materials.</p>