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Deverbal nominals in XitsongaHlungwani, Madala Crous 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study investigates the nature of Xitsonga deverbatives that are derived from three types of
syntactic verbs, namely intransitive verbs, monotranstive verbs and ditransitive verbs .The aim is to
determine the classes in which nominalisation occurs as well as to determine the semantic features
which occur with these deverbatives in various noun classes. The three types of verbs are further
distinguished into agentive verbs and non-agentive verbs. The deverbatives that are examined in this
study are arranged in terms of Levin (1993)’s semantic classification of verbs. The focus of this study
is on the verbs without derivational suffixes. However, few deverbatives with derived verbal forms
have been included. The nominal morphology of Xitsonga is also examined in this study
The study is conducted within the framework of four assumptions in morphology and lexical
semantics, namely lexeme-based theory, X-bar syntax, lexical semantic properties of verb classes
advanced by Levin (1993), and the Generative Lexicon theory advanced by Pustejovsky (1995),
specifically the assumption about the meta-entry for a lexeme. The study illustrates that nominalisation
in Xitsonga, in particular, and in African Languages in general occurs through the affixation of the
class prefix and the nominal suffix onto the verb stem.
The study found that the deverbal nominals occur in a similar morphological structure to that of nonderived
nouns. It was also demonstrated that Xitsonga deverbatives may be classified in terms of
Busa’s view of distinguishing between stage-level nominals and individual-level nominals. The study
has established that nominalisation in Xitsonga is a phenomenon that occurs in classes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, and 14 with both agentive and non-agentive verbs as verb stems. It however, found that the most
productive classes are 1, 3,5,7,and 14. The study demonstrated that class 1 deverbatives refer strictly
to humans, while deverbatives in other classes refer to various things. The data examined in this study
revealed that in general, Xitsonga deverbatives exhibit the following semantic features across various
noun classes: [Actor], [Experiencer], [Theme], [Patient] [Result], [Event], [Act], [State], [Artifact],
[Instrument]. [Excessive act], [Excessive state], [Place], [Expert], [Excessive actor], [Excessive
experiencer], [Excessive theme], and [Excessive patient]. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie ondersoek die aard van deverbatiewe naamwoorde in Xitsonga wat afgelei word vanaf drie
soorte werkwoorde, naamlik, intransitiewe, enkel-transitiewe en dubbel-transitiewe werkwoorde. Die
doelstelling van die studie is om te bepaal in watter naamwoordklasse nominalisering kan voorkom, en
wat die semantiese kenmerke is van die deverbatiewe wat in die verskillende naamwoordklasse
voorkom. Die drie tipes werkwoordklasse word voorts onderskei in terme van agentiewe en nieagentiewe
werkwoorde. Die deverbatiewe naamwoorde wat in die studie ondersoek word, word verder
onderskei volgens die klassifikasie van semantiese werkwoordklasse van Levin (1993). Die studie
fokus op naamwoorde afgelei van werkwoorde sonder afleidingsagtervoegsels. Nietemin is enkele
werkwoordvorme met afleidings-agtervoegsels ingesluit. Die studie ondersoek ook die
naamwoordmorfologie van Xitsonga.
Die studie is onderneem binne die raamwerk van vier breë weergawes van morfologie, sintaksis en
leksikale semantiek, naamlik morfeem-lekseem gebaseerde teorie, X-balk sintaksis, Levin (1993) se
semantiese werkwoordklas klassefikasie, en Generatiewe Leksikon Teorie van Pustejovsky (1995), in
die besonder die aanname van die meta-inskrywing vir die lekseem. Die studie bevestig dat
nominalisering in Xitsonga, soos in die Afrikatale in die algemeen, manifesteer deur die affiksering
van 'n prefiks en 'n suffiks aan die werkwoordstam waarvandaan die naamwoord afgelei word.
Die studie het bevind dat afgeleide naamwoorde in 'n soortgelyke morfologiese struktuur voorkom as
nie-afgeleide naamwoorde in Xitsonga. Daar is ook bevind dat Xitsonga deverbatiewe geklassifiseer
kan word in terme van Busa se onderskeid tussen fase-vlak en individuele-vlak nominate. Die studie
het bevind dat nominalisering in Xitsonga voorkom in klasse 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 en 14, afgelei van
sowel agentiewe as nie-agentiewe werkwoord stamme. Daar is bevind dat die mees produktiewe
klasse, klas 1, 3, 5, 7 en 14 is. Die studie het voorts aangetoon dat klas 1 deverbatiewe slegs mensverwysing
het, terwyl die deverbatiewe in ander klasse na 'n verskeidenheid semantiese entiteite
verwys. Volgens die data wat ondersoek is, volg dit dat Xitsonga deverbatiewe in die algemeen, die
volgende semantiese kenmerke vertoon oor die verskillende naamwoordklasse: [Akteur], [Ervaarder],
[Tema], [Pasiënt], [Resultaat], [Gebeurtenis], [Aksie], [Toestand], [Artifak], [Instrument], [Oordrewe
aksie], [Plek], [Ekspert], [Oordrewe akteur], [Oordrewe ervaarder], [Oordrewe tema] en [Oordrewe
pasiënt]. / NKOMISO: Dyondzo leyi yi kambisisa xivumbeko xa mavitimpfelelo ya Xitsonga lama ya pfelelaka ya suka eka
tinxaka tinharhu ta maendli ma le ka vulongoloxamarito, ku nga, maendli yo pfumala xiendliwa,
maendli ya xiendliwa xin’we, na maendli ya swiendliwa swimbirhi. Xikongomelo i ku lava ku
kumisisa mitlawa ya maviti leyi pfumelelaka mpfelelo wa maviti ku humelela ni ku kumisisa
swihlawulekisi swa tinhlamuselo leswi kumekaka eka mavitimpfelelo eka mitlawa yo
hambanahambana. Tinxaka tinharhu ta maendli ti tlhela ti hambanyisiwa ku ya hi maendli ya
nghingiriko ni maendli yo pfumala nghingiriko. Mavitimpfelelo lama kambisisiwaka eka dyondzo leyi
ma longoloxiwa hi ku ya hi maavelo ya maendli ya Levin (1993). Mhakankulu leyi dyondzo leyi yi
langutanaka na yona yi le ka maendli mo pfumala swilandzi swa mpfelelo. Hambiswiritano,
mavitimpfelelo ma nga ri mangani lama nga na swilandzi swa mpfelelo ma katsiwile eka dyondzo
leyi. Mofoloji ya Xitsonga ya kambisisiwa na yona eka dyondzo leyi.
Dyondzo leyi yi endliwa hi ku landza endlelo leri katsaka mavonelo ma mune eka mofoloji ni le ka
semantiki, ku nga Lexeme -based theory, X – bar syntax, lexical semantics properties of verb classes
leyi tumbuluxeke hi Levin (1993), na Generative Lexicon theory leyi tumbuluxeke hi Pustejovsky
(1995), ku kongomisiwa ngopfu eka meta-entry ya rito.Dyondzo leyi yi kombisa leswaku mpfelelo wa
maviti eka Xitsonga, hi ku kongomisa, na le ka tindzimi ta Xintima hi ku angarhela, wu va kona
hikokwalaho ka ku lungeleriwa ka xirhangi xa ntlawa na xilandzi xa riendli eka nsinya wa riendli.
Dyondzo leyi yi kumile leswaku mavitimpfelolo ma tirhisa xifaniso xa murhi xo fana na xa maviti mo
ka ma nga ri ma mpfelelo. Ku tlhele ku kombisiwa leswaku mavitimpfelelo ya Xitsonga ma nga aviwa
hi ku landza vonelo ra Busa (1996) ro hambanyisa exikarhi ka mavitipfelelo lama thyiwaka munhu hi
ku landza mhaka leyi humelelaka hi nkarhi wolowo ni lama ya thyiwaka munhu hi ku ya hi mhaka leyi
fambelanisiwaka na munhu wa kona, hambi a nga ri ku yi endleni hi nkarhi wolowo. Dyondzo leyi yi
kumile leswaku mpfelelo wa maviti eka Xitsonga I mhaka leyi humelelaka eka mitlawa ya maviti ya
1,3,4,6,7,8,9, and 14 eka maendli ya nghingiriko ni yo pfumala nghingiriko. Hambiswiritano, ku
kumekile leswaku mitlawa leyi mpfelelo wu humelelaka ngopfu eka yona I ya 1,3,5,7, and 14.
Dyondzo leyi yi kombisile leswaku mavitimpfelelo ma le ka ntlawa wa 1 ma kongomisa eka vanhu,
loko mavitimpfelelo ma le ka mitlawa yin’wana ma kongomisa eka swilo swo
hambanahambana.Vuxokoxoko lebyi kamberiweke eka dyondzo leyi byi paluxile leswaku hi ku
angarhela mavitimpfelelo ma humesa swihlawulekisi leswi landzelaka swa tinhlamuselo eka mitlawa
ya maviti yo hambanahambana: [Muendli], [Mutokoti], [Nkongomelo], [Mutwisiwa ku vava],
[Mbuyelo], [Xiendleko], [Nghingiriko], [Xiyimo], [Ximakiwa], [Xitirho], [Nghingiriko wo tlurisa],
[Xiyimo xo tlurisa], [Ndhawu], [N’wavuswikoti], [[Muendli wo tlurisa], [Mutokoti wo tlurisa],
[Nkongomelo wo tlurisa], na [Mutwisiwa ku vava wo tlurisa].
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Deverbal nominals in XhosaMletshe, Loyiso Kevin 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The relationship between deverbative noun classification and their effect on the semantic
meaning of the derived deverbal nominal has been the focus of many studies in linguistics,
with special reference to African languages in recent years. The study maintains that the
descriptive analysis of deverbal nominals in African languages does not fully interrogate the
predicate argument structures of the verbs that host these deverbal nominals. This thesis is an
investigation of how the syntactic properties of verbs from which deverbal nouns are derived
are invoked in explaining the argument structure and event structure properties of deverbal
nouns, particularly in Xhosa. The analysis presented here is situated in terms of a lexical
semantic representation drawing on Pustejovsky (1996) and Busa (1996), which aims to
capture linguistically relevant components of meaning.
Chapter 1 presents the purpose and aims of the study, and states the theoretical paradigm on
which this study is couched, namely Pustejovsky’s (1996) generative lexicon theory as well as
the methodology for conducting the research.
Chapter 2 contains a literature review on deverbal nominals in African languages. This
chapter explores the general definitions of concepts, the descriptive nature of deverbal
nominals from various African languages, noun classification and the morphology of African
nouns.
Chapter 3 reports on an examination of the generative lexicon theory. This theory contains
multiple levels of representation for different types of lexical information required, namely
the argument structure, the event structure, the qualia structure and the lexical inherent
structure. For the purposes of this study, the first three levels of representation were used for
analysis.
Chapter 4 contains the systematic classification of deverbal nominals that are derived from
various semantic verb classes and are considered under their derivation from intransitive,
transitive and di-transitive verbs, respectively. The first lexical schematic representation for
each verb class gives a classification of various deverbal noun classes 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11 and
14 in instances where the noun class applies. The second schematic representation details how
these various verb classes are classified/categorised in terms of their semantic type. There are various noun class nominalisations for each verb class, which serve as a representative for
each group of the various verb classes.
Chapter 5 provides a detailed analysis of various deverbal nouns derived from different verb
classes utilising the generative lexicon theory as a source of reference, particularly the first
three levels of representation. The compositionality and the semanticality of derived nominals
within the predicate argument structures are demonstrated.
Chapter 6 summarises the findings of all previous chapters in this study. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die verhouding tussen die klassifikasie van deverbatiewe selfstandige naamwoorde en hul
uitwerking op die semantiese betekenis van die afgeleide deverbatiewe nominaal was die
fokus van talle studies in linguistiek, met spesiale verwysing na Afrikatale in die afgelope
jare. Hierdie studie doen aan die hand dat die deskriptiewe analise van deverbatiewe nominale
in Afrikatale nie die predikaat-argumentstrukture van die werkwoorde wat hierdie
deverbatiewe nominale bevat, ondersoek nie. Die tesis behels ’n ondersoek na die manier
waarop die sintaktiese eienskappe van werkwoorde waaruit deverbatiewe selfstandige
naamwoorde afgelei word, aangewend word om die argumentstruktuur- en
gebeurestruktuureienskappe van deverbatiewe selfstandige naamwoorde, veral in Xhosa, te
verklaar. Die analise is gegrond op ’n leksikaal-semantiese ontlening aan Pustejovsky (1996)
en Busa (1996), met die doel om linguisties toepaslike betekeniskomponente vas te lê.
In hoofstuk 1 word die doel en doelstellings van die studie uiteengesit, asook die teoretiese
paradigma waarop die studie berus, naamlik Pustejovsky (1996) se generatieweleksikonteorie.
Die navorsingsmetodologie word ook in hierdie hoofstuk uiteengesit.
Hoofstuk 2 bevat ’n literatuuroorsig oor deverbatiewe nominale in Afrikatale. In hierdie
hoofstuk word ondersoek ingestel na die algemene definisies van konsepte, die beskrywende
aard van deverbatiewe nominale in verskeie Afrikatale, die klassifikasie van selfstandige
naamwoorde asook die morfologie van selfstandige naamwoorde in Afrikatale.
In hoofstuk 3 word verslag gedoen oor die ondersoek van die generatieweleksikon-teorie.
Hierdie teorie bevat veelvuldige vlakke van verteenwoordiging vir verskillende soorte
leksikale inligting wat vereis word, naamlik die argumentstruktuur, die gebeurestruktuur, die
qualiastruktuur en die leksikaal-inherente struktuur. Vir die doel van hierdie studie is op die
eerste drie vlakke van verteenwoordiging tydens die analise gefokus.
Hoofstuk 4 bevat die stelselmatige klassifikasie van deverbatiewe nominale wat uit verskeie
semantiese werkwoordklasse afkomstig is, en oorweging geniet op grond van hul afstamming
van onderskeidelik intransitiewe, transitiewe en ditransitiewe werkwoorde. Die eerste
leksikaal-skematiese verteenwoordiging vir elke werkwoordklas gee ’n klassifikasie van
verskeie klasse van deverbatiewe selfstandige naamwoorde, naamlik 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11 en 14,
in gevalle waar die selfstandigenaamwoordklas van toepassing is. Die tweede skematiese verteenwoordiging sit uiteen hoe hierdie verskillende werkwoordklasse in terme van hul
semantiese soort geklassifiseer/gekategoriseer word. Daar is verskeie nominaliserings vir
selfstandigenaamwoordklasse vir elke werkwoordklas, wat as ’n verteenwoordiging vir elke
groep van die onderskeie werkwoordklasse dien.
Hoofstuk 5 bevat ’n gedetailleerde analise van verskeie deverbatiewe selfstandige
naamwoorde wat uit verskillende werkwoordklasse afgelei is met behulp van die
generatieweleksikon-teorie as ’n verwysingsbron, spesifiek die eerste drie vlakke van
verteenwoordiging. Die samestelling en semantiek van afgeleide nominale in die
predikaatargument-strukture word ten toon gestel.
Hoofstuk 6 bevat ’n opsomming van die bevindinge in die voorafgaande hoofstukke.
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Participation and decision making in Luganda : an appraisal and genre-theoretic investigation of spoken discourse at community development project meetingsKabugo, Merit Ronald 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: If they don’t come out clearly to show us the true picture of different areas, it means that some areas that do not get the weather forecast cannot profit from their farming activities. This pushes our country into more poverty. If an agency can be identified and charged with the responsibility to disseminate the forecast to the various parts of the country, it would greatly help the farmers and Uganda as a country to develop.
These are the words of a participant at one of fifteen Ugandan farmer group meetings that were convened and asked to discuss a tape-recorded seasonal weather forecast, following their own rules of procedure. The audio recordings and transcriptions of these meetings, which are in Luganda, form the object of inquiry for this study. Using a multi-perspective approach to spoken discourse analysis, this study investigates manifestations and patterns of participation and decision-making as they emerge through evaluation and appraisal in the context of participatory community development processes. Taking the discourse of farmer group meetings as a genre of business meetings, where the public is included in decision-making interactions between government and citizens, the study invokes the appraisal theory, genre analysis theory, citizenship talk analysis model, and the business-meeting negotiation approach to explore how participants use Luganda to express assessment and make decisions during interactive discourse.
The study identifies three main styles of making decisions, which demonstrate a culturally constructed concept of participation in Luganda. Whereas subtle decision-making involves spontaneous group positions that are not formally announced as a decision, explicit decision-making manifests positions that are overtly announced by a participant. Virtual decision-making involves intermittent moves towards a group position. While some meetings have moderators, several others have the role of moderator performed by various participants. Indeed, in several cases participants take turns to speak in a spontaneous way, without having to seek the permission of the moderator. Despite the difference in styles of decision-making, the overarching goal of participation in this genre of Luganda discourse is to reach consensus and to demonstrate a collective identity. This goal however does not take away the right and freedom of participants to reason critically, negotiate for a position, express conflict, and to question authority. This study breaks the ground for further research into areas of evaluation, intercultural communication, forensic linguistics, professional discourse, and other fields of applied linguistics in Ugandan languages, as well as in other African languages. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As hulle nie duidelik na vore kom om aan ons die ware prentjie van verskillende gebiede te toon nie, beteken dit dat sommige gebiede wat nie die weervoorspelling kry nie, nie wins uit hulle landbou-aktiwiteite kan maak nie. Dit dompel ons land al meer in armoede. As ʼn agentskap geïdentifiseer kan word en met die verantwoordelikheid getaak kan word om die voorspelling na die verskillende dele van die land te versprei, sal dit die boere baie help en Uganda as ʼn land help ontwikkel.
Dit is die woorde van ʼn deelnemer by een van vyftien vergaderings vir Ugandese boere wat byeengeroep is en gevra is om ʼn bandopname van seisoenale weervoorspelling te bespreek deur hulle eie reëls van prosedure te volg. Die bandopnames en transkripsies van hierdie vergaderings in Luganda was die navorsingsonderwerp vir hierdie studie. Met behulp van ʼn multiperspektiefbenadering tot gesproke diskoersanalise het hierdie studie manifestasies en patrone van deelname en besluitneming ondersoek soos dit deur evaluering en waardebepaling teen die agtergrond van deelnemende gemeenskapsontwikkelingsprosesse na vore gekom het. Met die diskoers van vergaderings deur boeregroepe as ʼn genre van sakevergaderings, waar die publiek by besluitnemingsinteraksies tussen regering en burgers ingesluit is, het hierdie studie sig op die teorie van waardebepaling, die teorie van genre-analise, die model vir die analise van burgerskapgesprekke, en die benadering tot sakevergadering-onderhandeling beroep om te verken hoe deelnemers Luganda gebruik om assessering uit te druk en gedurende interaktiewe diskoers besluite te neem.
Die studie het drie belangrike besluitnemingstyle geïdentifiseer wat ʼn kultureel gekonstrueerde begrip van deelname in Luganda demonstreer. Terwyl subtiele besluitneming spontane groepsposisies behels wat nie formeel as ʼn besluit bekend gemaak word nie, gee eksplisiete besluitneming blyke van posisies wat op overte wyse deur ʼn deelnemer aangekondig word. Virtuele besluitneming behels intermitterende beweging in die rigting van ʼn groepsposisie. Terwyl sommige vergaderings moderators het, voer verskeie ander die rol van moderator deur verskillende deelnemers uit. Om die waarheid te sê, in etlike gevalle neem deelnemers beurte om op ʼn spontane wyse te praat, sonder om die toestemming van die moderator te verkry. Ondanks die verskil in besluitnemingstyle is die oorkoepelende doel van deelname in hierdie genre van Luganda-diskoers om konsensus te bereik en ʼn kollektiewe identiteit te toon. Hierdie doel neem egter nie die reg en vryheid van deelnemers om krities te redeneer, vir ʼn posisie te onderhandel, konflik uit te spreek, en gesag te bevraagteken weg nie. Hierdie studie baan die weg vir verdere navorsing ten opsigte van gebiede van evaluering, interkulturele kommunikasie, forensiese linguistiek, professionele diskoers, en ander gebiede van toegepaste linguistiek in Ugandese tale, asook in ander Afrikatale. / The Graduate School of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at the University of Stellenbosch, the African Doctoral Academy (ADA), Makerere University, the French Institute for Research in Africa (IFRA), and the Center for Research on Environmental Decisions (CRED) at Columbia University
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The discourse of conflict : an appraisal analysis of newspaper genres in English and Runyankore-Rukiga in Uganda (2001-2010)Mugumya, Levis 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores generic properties of hard news reports and editorials and the nature of
linguistic devices invoked by journalists to communicate issues of conflict in Uganda.
It describes the textual architecture of a hard news report and an editorial unfolding in the Ugandan
print media, and the features that define English-language and Runyankore-Rukiga hard news and
editorials. The study further explicates the nature of overt and covert linguistic resources that news
reporters and editorialists employ to communicate issues conflict in English and Runyankore-
Rukiga across government and private newspapers. It also examines strategies that news reporters
employ to establish their stance towards the news event being communicated and seeking to align
or disalign with the issue in a manner that seeks to enlist the reader to do likewise.
The study employs the multi-dimensional and multi-perspective approaches of discourse analysis to
examine news stories and editorials that communicate issues of conflict. Using genre-theoretic and
appraisal–theoretic principles, the study explores a diachronic corpus of 53 news reports and 27
editorials drawn from four selected newspapers, Daily Monitor, The New Vision, Entatsi and
Orumuri. It therefore, involves a cross-linguistic comparison of English and Runyankore-Rukiga
news texts across government and privately-owned newspapers.
The investigation demonstrates that news reports in Runyankore-Rukiga and English in the
Ugandan print media exemplify similar generic properties and textual organisation to the Englishlanguage
hard news reports obtaining in the Anglo-American world. The editorial texts also largely
exhibit rhetorical moves similar to the ones employed in the English-language editorials.
Nonetheless, a chronological development of news segments occurs across a considerable number
of hard news reports in English and Runyankore-Rukiga. This is evident in the use of markers of
cohesion such as anaphoric references, time adjuncts, or a mere positioning of events of similar
nature in adjacent segments, which leads to some of them hanging together. Consequently, this
feature constrains reordering of segments without causing textual unintelligibility.
In particular, the Runyankore-Rukiga news reports display a lengthy and value-laden opening
whose elements are usually at variance with the body components or even the actual news event.
The interpersonal meanings are actuated via metaphors, implicit judgement, non-core lexis, and
occasional proverbs. While both government and private newspapers restrain from overt judgement of human conduct,
news reporters from the private newspapers invoke implicit attitudes to assess the behaviour of
news actors and occasionally highlight the negative actions, particularly of the police, army, or
other government agents depicting their conduct as inappropriate. The government leaning
newspapers often assess their conduct in positive terms or avoid mentioning events in which their
conduct would have hitherto been construed as negative.
The study also established that some of the news reports display affect values activated via the
description of circumstances or negative actions of the agents on the affected. This description often
involves expressions that trigger in the reader feelings of pity, empathy, or pain for the affected
while at the same time evoking anger or disgust for the agent.
The study demonstrates how news reporters invoke non-core lexical elements or proverbs to
intensify the interpersonal value, thus endorsing the attitudinal value expressed by the locution(s). / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het generiese eienskappe van hardenuusberigte en hoofartikels en die aard van
taalkundige middele waarop joernaliste hulle beroep om kwessies ten opsigte van konflik in Uganda
te kommunikeer, verken.
Dit beskryf die tekstuele argitektuur van ʼn hardenuusberig en ʼn hoofartikel wat in die Ugandese
gedrukte media ontvou, en die kenmerke wat hardenuus- en hoofartikels in koerante in Engels en
Runyankore-Rukiga definieer. Die studie het verder die aard van overte en koverte taalkundige
hulpbronne wat verslaggewers en hoofartikelskrywers benut om kwessies ten opsigte van konflik in
Engels en Runyankore-Rukiga oor regeringskoerante en private koerante heen te kommunikeer,
ondersoek. Dit het ook strategieë ondersoek wat verslaggewers aanwend om hulle standpunt
teenoor die nuusgebeurtenis wat gekommunikeer word, te vestig en wat daarna streef om hulle met
die kwessie te vereenselwig of daarvan los te maak op ʼn manier wat daarop gemik is om die leser te
betrek om dieselfde te doen.
Die studie het van die multidimensionele en multiperspektiefbenaderings van diskoers-analise
gebruik gemaak om nuusstories en hoofartikels wat kwessies van konflik kommunikeer te
ondersoek. Met behulp van genre-teoretiese en waardebepaling-teoretiese beginsels het die studie ʼn
diachroniese korpus van 53 nuusberigte en 27 hoofartikels uit vier geselekteerde koerante, Daily
Monitor, The New Vision, Entatsi en Orumuri, verken. Dit het dus ʼn kruislinguistiese vergelyking
van nuustekste in Engels en Runyankore-Rukiga in regeringskoerante en koerante in privaatbesit
behels.
Die ondersoek het aangetoon dat nuusberigte in Runyankore-Rukiga en Engels in die Ugandese
gedrukte media soortgelyke generiese eienskappe en tekstuele organisasie as Engelstalige
hardenuusberigte in die Anglo-Amerikaanse wêreld illustreer. Die hoofartikeltekste het ook meestal
retoriese skuiwe soortgelyk aan dié wat in die Engelstalige hoofartikels gebruik word, aangetoon.
Nogtans kom daar ʼn chronologiese ontwikkeling van nuussegmente in ʼn groot aantal
hardenuusberigte in Engels en Runyankore-Rukiga voor. Dit is duidelik in die gebruik van
kohesiemerkers soos anaforiese verwysings, tydsbepalings, of ʼn blote posisionering van gebeure
van soortgelyke aard in omliggende segmente wat daartoe lei dat sommige van hulle samehang
vertoon. Hierdie eienskap beperk dus herordening van segmente sonder om tekstuele
onverstaanbaarheid te veroorsaak. Die nuusberigte in Runyankore-Rukiga, in die besonder, vertoon ʼn lang en waardegelaaide
inleiding waarvan die elemente gewoonlik strydig is met komponente van die hoofgedeelte of selfs
die ware nuusgebeurtenis. Die interpersoonlike betekenisse word via metafore, implisiete oordeel,
niekern-leksis, en sporadiese spreekwoorde aangedryf.
Terwyl beide regeringskoerante en private koerante hulle weerhou van overte oordeel oor menslike
gedrag, beroep verslaggewers van die private koerante hulle op implisiete gesindhede om die
optrede van nuusmakers te beoordeel en beklemtoon partymaal die negatiewe optrede, in die
besonder dié van die polisie, weermag of ander regeringsagente, en beeld hulle gedrag as onvanpas
uit. Die regeringgesinde koerante assesseer dikwels hulle optrede in positiewe terme of vermy dit
om gebeure waarin hulle gedrag wat tot dusver as negatief geïnterpreteer sou word, te noem.
Die studie het ook vasgestel dat sommige van die nuusberigte affekwaardes toon wat geaktiveer
word via die beskrywing van omstandighede of negatiewe optrede van die agente teenoor die
betrokkenes. Hierdie beskrywing behels dikwels uitdrukkings wat by die leser gevoelens van
jammerte, empatie of pyn vir die betrokkenes opwek terwyl dit terselfdertyd woede of afkeur vir die
agent ontketen.
Die studie het aangetoon hoe verslaggewers hulle op niekern- leksikale elemente of spreekwoorde
beroep om die interpersoonlike waarde te versterk, en so die houdingswaarde wat deur die
segswyse(s) uitgedruk word, onderskryf. / African Doctoral Academy and the Graduate School in the Faculty of Arts and
Social Sciences of Stellenbosch University for availing scholarship funds, Makerere University, the
Directorate of Human Resources for the study leave and facilitating my travel to and from
Stellenbosch; and the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training for the research
funds
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Appraisal and evaluation in Zimbabwean parliamentary discourse and its representation in newspaper articlesJakaza, Ernest 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: “Unofananidza Jesu naKombayi here? (Lit. Are you comparing Jesus with Kombayi?) (Condolences on the death of Senator Patrick Kombayi, 28th July 2009, Appendix B4, line 350)
This Shona interjection during the debate on the motion on condolences on the death of Senator Patrick Kombayi (MDC- T) in the Zimbabwean parliament presents the speaker stance taking, appraising and strategically manoeuvering advancing certain argumentative positions. Considering the impact of the outcome of these debates on governance, discourse- analytic researches have to be carried out in order to explore the sorts of appraisal and argumentation principles that are realised. This study makes a multifaceted theoretical approach to a comprehensive exploration of debates and speeches in the Zimbabwean parliament and their representation in newspaper articles. The appraisal theory, the extended pragma- dialectic theory of argumentation and controversy analysis have been integrated to uncover important linguistic insights on parliamentary discourse and news reporting. The analysis is based on a corpus of debates and speeches in the Zimbabwean parliament within the period 2009 and 2010.
Another corpus consists of newspaper reports on these debates and speeches in this period. A thematic approach informed by theoretical principles is utilised in the selection of reports, debates and speeches.
Firstly, I examined parliamentary discourse. Focus have been on the critical discussion model, argumentative strategies- forms of strategic manoeuvering, how the dialectic- rhetoric relation can be understood, how appraisal resources are realised in the argumentation process and on examining how appraisal resources employed reflect the type of a debate or speech.
Secondly, I explored newspaper articles from four Zimbabwean newspapers reporting on the same themes on debates and speeches. Focus has been to make comparative analysis of news reporting examining how appraisal resources are utilised in the representation of parliamentary discourse in different newspapers (independent versus government or state owned newspapers and English versus Shona newspapers) and to examine the nature of argumentation and strategic manoeuvering principles that are utilised in news reporting and how controversial (divergent) debates or issues are represented. This multifaceted analysis offered varied dimensions in the exploration of parliamentary discourse and news reporting and expansions of the appraisal and argumentation theories. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: “Unofananidza Jesu naKombayi here? (Letterlik: Vergelyk jy Jesus met Kombayi?) (Medelye ten tye van die dood van senator Patrick Kombayi, 28 Julie 2009, Bylaag B4, reël 350)
Hierdie Shona-uitroep gedurende die debat oor die mosie van medelye ten tye van die dood van senator Patrick Kombayi (MDC-T) in die Zimbabwiese parlement wys hoe die spreker standpunt inneem, en sekere beredenerende posisies opper, beoordeel en op strategiese wyse manipuleer. Met die uitkomste van hierdie debatte oor bestuur in gedagte, moes diskoers-analitiese navorsing gedoen word om die soorte waardebepalende en beredenerende beginsels wat gerealiseer is, te verken. Hierdie studie het ʼn veelvlakkige teoretiese benadering tot ʼn omvattende verkenning van debatte en toesprake in die Zimbabwiese parlement en hulle uitbeelding in koerantartikels ingeneem. Die teorie van waardebepaling, die uitgebreide pragma-dialektiese teorie van beredenering- en geskilsanalise is geïntegreer om belangrike linguistiese insigte oor parlementêre diskoers en nuusrapportering bloot te lê. Die analise is gebaseer op ʼn korpus debatte en toesprake in die Zimbabwiese parlement uit die tydperk 2009 tot 2010.
ʼn Verdere korpus bestaan uit koerantberigte oor hierdie debatte en toesprake uit hierdie tydperk. ʼn Tematiese benadering wat deur teoretiese beginsels geïnspireer is, is gebruik by die keuse van berigte, debatte en toesprake.
Eerstens het ek parlementêre diskoers nagegaan. Die fokus was op die kritiese besprekingsmodel, beredenerende strategieë, vorme van strategiese manipulering, die wyse waarop die dialekties-retoriese verhouding verstaan kan word, die wyse waarop hulpbronne vir waardebepaling tydens die beredeneringsproses verwesenlik word en op ʼn ondersoek na hoe hulpbronne wat vir waardebepaling gebruik word, die soort debat of toespraak uitbeeld.
Tweedens het ek koerantartikels uit vier Zimbabwiese koerante verken wat oor dieselfde temas oor debatte en toesprake verslag gedoen het. Die fokus was op die maak van ʼn vergelykende analise van beriggewing om na te gaan hoe hulpbronne vir waardebepaling gebruik word by die uitbeelding van parlementêre diskoers in verskillende koerante (onafhanklik teenoor koerante in besit van die regering of die staat en koerante in Engels teenoor ander in Shona) en om die aard van beredenering en strategiese manipulerings-beginsels wat by beriggewing gebruik word en die wyse waarop kontroversiële (uiteenlopende) debatte of kwessies uitgebeeld word, te ondersoek. Hierdie veelvlakkige analise het wisselende dimensies by die verkenning van parlementêre diskoers en beriggewing en uitbreidings van die waardebepaling- en beredeneringsteorieë gebied. / This project is a reality because of the generous scholarship I received from the African Doctoral Academy
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Account-giving in the narrative of farming in isiXhosaRalehoko, Refilwe Vincent 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / The purpose of this study is to examine message production and image restoration in the
narratives of isiXhosa-speaking farming communities. According to Gergen (1994), narrative
forms – such as the stability narrative, progressive narrative and regressive narrative – are
linguistic tools that have important social functions to fulfil. Gergen (1994) further indicates
that self-narratives are social processes in which individuals are realised on the personal
perspective or experience. The self-narratives used and analysed in this study portray the
contemporary, truth-based elements of a well-formed narrative. Narrative accounts are also
embedded within social action; they render events socially visible and typically establish
expectations for future events because the events of daily life are immersed in narrative.
The study starts by laying the foundation for the reasons why human beings tell stories and
why stories are so important in people’s daily lives, since most people begin their encounters
with stories at childhood. Possibly because of this intimate and long-standing acquaintance
with stories from childhood, stories also serve as critical means by which human beings make
themselves intelligible within the social world. This study further examines the motivations
and conditions for account-giving in isiXhosa. Accounts are similar to narratives and can be
retained at the level of private reflections for others to read, to be educated and to learn from
and to refer to from time to time.
Gergen (1994) considers self-narratives as forms of social accounting or public discourse. In
this sense, narratives are conversational resources, their construction open to continuous
alteration as interaction progresses. The study elaborates on this phenomenon, especially in
the narrative accounts of the various isiXhosa stories that were collected and analysed. What
emerges from the analyses is that the individual characters whose stories are told are
portrayed as moving through their experience, dealing with some conflict or problem in their
lives and, at the same time, searching for a resolution.
It also emerges from the collection of these various isiXhosa narratives that they sharpen our
understanding of the major stressful situations in each person’s mind and how the individual
reasons about the difficulties encountered in life. The narratives prove, in this regard, to be a
cultural resource that serves social purposes, such as self-identification, self-justification, self criticism and social solidification. In this sense then, for an account to be true, it has to be
goal-orientated and relate to people’s day-to-day lives.
The study finds that the social-interactive aspects of account-giving involve severe reproach
forms, including personal attacks and derogatory aspects, which elicit defensive reactions
resulting in negative interpersonal and emotional consequences.
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Ucwaningo lwesimantikhi yelekhizikhoni yesenzo u-phuma esizulwiniMsibi, Phakamile Innocentia 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main concern of this thesis relates to an investigation of the lexical-semantic nature of the
motion verb –phuma (exit, go out) in isiZulu within the framework of Generative Lexicon
Theory. In particular, the thesis explores the event structure and aspectual verb class
properties in the locative-subject alternation with the verb –phuma in isiZulu.
Chapter one presents a general introduction to the study, stating the purpose and aims of the
research, giving a broad perspective of the theoretical framework adopted, and outlining the
organisation of the investigation of the lexical-semantic properties of –phuma.
Chapter two presents a detailed discussion of Generative Lexicon Theory, which centrally
concerns accounting for polysemy phenomena across various nominal and verbal expressions.
The four dimensions of lexical-semantic representation that constitute the central theoretical
properties in Generative Lexicon Theory are reviewed, i.e. Argument structure, Event
structure, Qualia structure and Lexical Inheritance structure. In addition, the various facets of
meaning of Qualia structure namely Fomral, Constitutive, Telic and Agentive facets, are
described in relation to their theoretical significance in accounting for word meaning and
polysemy.
Chapter three examines in a systematic and comprehensive way the range of locative-subject
alternation possibilities with the verb –phuma. In particular the range of semantic types of the
NP subject argument of –phuma taking a locative complement is explored to determine
whether all these sentences permit a corresponding locative-alternation construction. In
addition, the aspectual verb class properties of the two variants in the alternation are analysed
with regard to a range of diagnositics associated with stative events, activity events,
achievement events and accomplishments events. It is known that the two variants in the
alternation can be distinguished in terms of their aspectual verb class properties.
Chapter four summarises the main findings of the study and presents the conclusion. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoofbelang van hierdie tesis hou verband met die ondersoek van die leksikaal-semantiese
aard van die bewegingswerkwoorde –phuma in isiZulu binne die raamwerk van Generatiewe
Leksikon teorie soos uiteengesit deur Pustejovsky (1996). Die tesis ondersoek spesifiek die
gebeurtenis ('event') struktuur en aspektuele werkwoordklas eienskappe in die lokatief-subjek
alternasie met die werkwoord –phuma in isiZulu.
Hoofstuk een gee 'n algemene oorsig van die studie, stel die doelstellings van die teoretiese
raamwerk wat aanvaar word, en skets die organisasie van die studie oor die leksikaalsemantiese
kenmerke van –phuma.
Hoofstuk twee bied 'n detail bespreking van Generatiewe Leksikonteorie, wat sentraal
verband hou met die verklaring van polisemieverskynsels van naamwoordelike en
werkwoordelike uitdrukkings. Die vier dimensies van leksikaal-semantiese representasie wat
die sentrale teoretiese eienskappe vorm in Generatiewe Leksikonteorie word beskou, naamlik
argumentstruktuur, Gebeurtenis ('Event') struktuur, Qualiastruktuur en Leksikaleerwingstruktuur.
Voorts word die verskillende fasette van betekenis van Qualiastruktuur, nl.
Formeel, Konstitief, Doel ('Telic') en Agentief beskryf rakende die teoretiese belang daarvan
vir die verklaring van woordbetekenis en polisemie.
Hoofstuk drie ondersoek op 'n sistematiese wyse die verskeidenheid van lokatief-subjek
alternasie moontlikhede met die werkwoord –phuma. In die besonder, word die semantiese
tipes van die NP subjek argument van –phuma wat 'n lokatiewe komplement neem ondersoek
om te bepaal watter van hierdie sinne neem 'n lokatiewe-alternasie konstruksie. Voorts word
die aspektuele werkwoordklas kenmerke van die twee variante in die alternasie ontleed met
verwysing na 'n reeks toetse vir die onderskeid van aspektuele werkwoordklasse. Daar word
aangetoon dat die twee alternasies onderskei kan word in terme van aspektuele
werkwoordklas.
Hoofstuk vier gee die opsomming en konklusie van die studie. / UKUBUKEZA KAFUSHANE: Lesi sifundo sibheka ucwaningo lwesimantikhi yelekhizikhoni yezenzo ezikhethiweyo
esiZulwini.
Esahlukweni soku – 1, injongo yalesisifundo iyashiwo, imiphumela yocwaningo mayelana
nesimathikhi yelekhizikhoni yesenzo u – phuma kanjalo nengqikithi yelekhizikhoni
itshengiswe ngokukaPustejovosky (1996). Isimo sengqikithi kanye nokulungiselelwa
kwesifundo kuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesisifundo.
Isahluko sesi – 2 siveza uhlobo lwesimantikhi yethu. Ulwazi olucutshunguliwe
lwelekhizikhoni lufaka amazinga amaningi amele izinhlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi
lwesimantikhi. Kula mazinga singabala isakhiwo sempikiswano, isakhiwo sesigameko,
isakhiwo sekhwaliya kanye nesakhiwo esisohlwini ololandelayo. Lesi sahluko sesibili sibuye
siboniso ngokucace kakhulu ngokwesakhiwo sekhwaliya nangendima edlaliwe
ekuqhubekiseni imisebenzi yamagama kanye namabinzana ahlanganisiwe.
Isahluko sesi – 3 sihlola ucwaningo lwesimantikhi lwesenzo u – phuma esimayelana
nezingxenye zezimpawu ezikhethiweyo zempikiswano yebinzana lebizo eliyinhloko yesenzo
u – phuma kanye nezincazelo ezahiukahlukene ezivela emagameni ahlanganiswe
ngokwempikiswano yemfezeko. Izindlela zezincazelo eziningi zesenzo u – phuma zihloliwe
esakhiweni sokushintshana emishweni ngokubandakanye esakhiweni sesigameko. Incazelo
yelekhizikhoni ngokwamagama esakhiwo sempikiswano kanye nesakhiwo sesigameko
sesenzo u – phuma emishweni eyahlukahlukene icutshunguliwe.
Isahluko sesi – 4 siyisiphetho esifingqa konke okutholakala ezahlukweni ezindlule
esifundweni socwaningo lwelekhizikhoni yesimantikhi yezenzo ezikhethwe esiZulwini.
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Task-based course design for campus communication in isiXhosaGeldenhuys, Catharina Maria 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (African languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The central purpose of this study is to investigate the nature and properties of communication
tasks employed in generic communication in isiXhosa on a university campus in South Africa
within the framework of current second language theories of task-based language learning and
teaching, and syllabus design for analysing those tasks, taking into account the needs of
second language learners of isiXhosa in the context of campus communication.
The study aims to explore questions relating to how meaning-based approaches to language
teaching such as Task-based language learning and teaching have contributed to the teaching
and learning of a second language in regard to the performance of the learner. One of the
main aims of the task-based language learning and teaching (TBL and T) approach is to
provide learners with input that are relevant to their everyday life in and outside of the
language learning classroom. The aim is to further provide teachers with theorectical
principles of teaching in order to influence the second language development and
performance of the learner in an optimal manner. Thus the concern of TBL and T is to
promote the motivation of the learner, negotiations of meanings among the learners and
teacher in the classroom and optimal language development. The performance of the learners
are thus positively influenced because they are now in more control of their own learning and
the teacher no longer has to be the only provider of information and interaction to the
language learning classroom.
In order to explore the various possibilities that exist in the designing of tasks for the context
of a university campus in regards to learning isiXhosa as a second language or additional
language, this study investigates several components of tasks relating to cognitive and
linguistic complexity, the effects the manipulation of these components might have on the
language learning and elements and components of designing a syllabus, and how they
influence the teaching and learning of the second language. Furthermore analyses regarding
various complexity properties are conducted on the isiXhosa dialogues in order to determine
criteria for syllabus designers on how tasks can be graded and sequenced within a task-based
language learning and teaching syllabus for second language learners of isiXhosa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die sentrale fokus van hierdie studie behels die ondersoek in die natuur en eienskappe van
kommunikasietake wat gevind word in generiese kommunikasietake in isiXhosa by ’n
universiteit kampus in Suid-Afrika, binne die konteks van hedendaagse tweede taal teorieë
van taakgebasseerde taalleer en onderrig sowel as syllabus ontwerp en die analisering van
daardie take aan die hand van die behoeftes van tweede taal leerders van isiXhosa in die
konteks van kampus kommunikasie.
Die studie beoog om vas te stel hoe betekenis-gebaseerde benaderings tot taal onderrig soos
byvoorbeeld taakgebaseerde taalleer en onderrig bydra tot die onderrig en leer van ’n tweede
taal in verband met die werkverrigtinge en prestasies van die leerder. Die taakgebaseerde
benadering tot die leer en onderrig van ’n tweede taal beoog om die leerders toe te rus met
relevante en alledaagse temas wat leerders binne en buite die klaskamer ervaar. Verder beoog
hierdie benadering om opvoeders toe te rus met die nodige teoretiese beginsels van onderrig
sodat tweede taal ontwikkeling sowel as die prestasies en werkverrigtinge van die leerders in
’n optimale en positiewe wyse beinvloed word. Hierdie benadering tot die leer en onderrig
van taal is veral gemoeid met die positiewe bevordering van die motivering van die leerder
sowel as die interaksies en vrae van betekenis tussen die leerders en die opvoeders binne die
omgewing van die klaskamer sodat optimale taal ontwikkeling plaasvind. Die werkverrigtinge
en prestasies van die leerder word dus positief beinvloed omdat die leerder in beheer is van
sy/haar eie leer en die opvoeder is nie meer die enigste bron van inligting en interaksie in die
klakamer nie.
Verder ondersoek hierdie studie verskeie komponente van take wat verband hou met
kognitiewe en linguisities kompleksiteit, die effek van manipulasie op hierdie komponente
met betrekking tot die taalleer en die elemente en komponente van sillabus ontwerp asook hoe
hierdie komponente die leer en onderrig van ’n tweede taal beinvloed. Hierdie insigte op die
komponente van take skep verskeie moontlikhede vir die ontwikkeling van take in die
konteks van ’n universiteit kampus met betrekking tot die leer van isiXhosa as ’n tweede taal
of additionele taal. Verder verskaf die studie ook ontledings met betrekking tot die
kompleksiteitseienskappe van verskeie isiXhosa dialoeë sodat ’n kriteria vir sillabus
ontwerpers geskep word waarvolgens hulle take kan gradueer en in volgorde plaas binne die
taakgebaseerde leer en onderrig sillabus vir tweede taal leerders van isiXhosa.
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Influence goals in seeking compliance in persuasive messages in isiXhosaRalarala, Monwabisi Knowledge 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (DLitt (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It has been observed in human interaction within our social milieu that individuals make
attempts from time to time to influence others in order to accomplish their goals. The
scholarly interest in the message-production side of this phenomenon has assumed the
study of compliance gaining or persuasion (Wilson 2002; Dillard 2004). According to
Wilson (2002:15), “contemporary theories of persuasive message production are guided
by a metaphor of ‘goal pursuit’” .This study pursues this proposition by focusing on the
following purposes:
(a) To explore the social influence goals that are characteristic of interpersonal
persuasive communication in Xhosa
(b) To explore the empirical and theoretical properties of communicative competence of
isiXhosa speakers as exemplified in the planning and accomplishment of influence
goals within the framework of Wilson’s (1997, 1998, 2002) Cognitive Rule (CR)
model of interaction goals, Berger’s (1997) approach to planning social influence
goals in persuasive messages, and Dillard’s (2004) Goal Plan Action (GPA) model
(c) To establish the theoretical questions raised by the empirical evidence of social
influence goals of Xhosa speakers for the extension, refinement and modification of
the cited models of interaction goals and persuasive message production
The data, from which the written descriptions of the persuasive messages were analysed,
were collected from college students at False Bay College in Khayelitsha, in the Western
Cape. A total of 24 Xhosa-speaking students (12 women and 12 men) within the age
range of 18 to 23 years were asked to write self-reports on their recollection of recent
influence episodes in which they attempted to change other fellow students’ behaviour on
specific themes, i.e. Religion, Education, Parent-child relationship, Social/casual
relationship, Favour from a friend and Intimacy/relationship.
The research data were analysed and evaluated against the amalgamation of the
concepts, principles and propositions that constitute the designated theoretical
frameworks, namely the CR model, the planning approach and the GPA model.
The results indicate that the proposed theoretical mechanisms are applicable and
profitable in the analysis of the research data of the current study. This finding is evidenced by the frameworks’ utility in addressing and explaining the nature and scope of
persuasive imperatives that presumably underlie the influence goals in seeking
compliance in Xhosa.
The results indicate that the proposed theoretical mechanisms are applicable and
profitable in the analysis of the research data of the current study. This finding is
evidenced by their utility in addressing and explaining the nature and scope of persuasive
imperatives that presumably underlie the influence goals in seeking compliance in Xhosa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tydens interaksie tussen mense in ons sosiale omgewing is al opgemerk dat individue van
tyd tot tyd pogings aanwend om ander te beïnvloed ten einde hul eie doelwitte te bereik.
Die wetenskaplike belangstelling in die boodskapproduksiedeel van hierdie verskynsel het
op die studie van die bereiking van nakoming of oorreding gefokus (Wilson 2002; Dillard
2004). Wilson (2002:15) is van mening dat hedendaagse teorieë van
oorredingsboodskapproduksie deur ’n metafoor van ‘doelwitnastrewing’ gerig word.
Hierdie studie ondersoek hierdie stelling deur op die volgende doelwitte te fokus:
(a) Om die sosiale-invloed-doelwitte wat kenmerkend is van interpersoonlike
oorredingskommunikasie in Xhosa te ondersoek
(b) Om die empiriese en teoretiese eienskappe van kommunikatiewe vaardigheid van
Xhosa-sprekers te ondersoek, soos in die beplanning en bereiking van
invloeddoelwitte binne die raamwerk van Wilson (1997, 1998, 2002) se
kognitiewereël- (KR-)model van interaksiedoelwitte, Berger (1997) se benadering tot
die beplanning van sosiale-invloed-doelwitte in oorredingsboodskappe, en Dillard
(2004) se doelplanaksie- (DPA-)model toegelig word
(c) Om die teoretiese vrae wat op grond van die empiriese bewyse van Xhosa-sprekers
se sosiale-invloed-doelwitte na vore kom, te bepaal, sodat die genoemde modelle
van interaksiedoelwitte en oorredingsboodskapproduksie uitgebrei, verfyn en
gewysig kan word
Die data waaruit die skriftelike beskrywings van die oorredingsboodskappe ontleed is, is
van kollegestudente by Valsbaai Kollege in Khayelitsha in die Wes-Kaap versamel. ’n
Totaal van 24 Xhosa-sprekende studente (12 vroue en 12 mans) in die ouderdomsgroep
18 tot 23 jaar is gevra om selfverslae te skryf oor hul herinnerings van onlangse invloedepisodes
waarin hulle gepoog het om ander medestudente se gedrag ten opsigte van
spesifieke temas te verander. Dit temas was Geloof, Opvoeding, Ouer-kind-verhouding,
Sosiale/oppervlakkige verhouding, Guns van ’n vriend en Intimiteit/verhouding.
Die navorsingsdata is ontleed en ten opsigte van die samevoeging van die konsepte,
beginsels en stellings waaruit die aangewese teoretiese raamwerke, naamlik die KRmodel,
die beplanningsbenadering en die DPA-model bestaan, geëvalueer. Die resultate toon aan dat die voorgestelde teoretiese meganismes toepaslik en nuttig is in
die ontleding van die navorsingsdata van hierdie studie. Die bevinding word gestaaf deur
die raamwerke se nut om die aard en omvang van oorredingsopdragte, wat vermoedelik
ten grondslag van die invloeddoelwitte in die strewe na nakoming in Xhosa lê, bloot te lê
en te verklaar.
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The reporter voice and objectivity in cross-linguistic reporting of controversial news in Zimbabwean newspapers : an appraisal approachSabao, Collen 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The dissertation is a comparative analysis of the structural (generic/cognitive) and ideological properties of Zimbabwean news reports in English, Shona and Ndebele, focusing specifically on the examination of the proliferation of authorial attitudinal subjectivities in ‘controversial’ ‘hard news’ reports and the ‘objectivity’ ideal. The study, thus, compares the textuality of Zimbabwean printed news reports from the English newspapers (The Herald, Zimbabwe Independent and Newsday), the Shona newspaper (Kwayedza) and the Ndebele newspaper (Umthunywa) during the period from January 2010 to August 2012. The period represents an interesting epoch in the country’s political landscape. It is a period characterized by a power-sharing government, a political situation that has highly polarized the media and as such, media stances in relation to either of the two major parties to the unity government, the Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front (ZANU PF) and the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC-T). Couched in the theoretical explications of Appraisal Theory, specifically the ‘reporter voice’ configuration, the study sought to investigate the proliferation of journalistic ideological subjectivities in ‘hard news’ reports – a genre of news reporting that is largely characterised by claims of ‘objectivity’ and/or ‘neutrality’ and dispassionate journalistic reporting positions. The study, also assuming the orbital structure model developed by Iedema, Feez and White (1994) and White (1997, 1998) in the analysis of ‘hard news’ report in English broadsheet reporting, furthermore sought to investigate whether the textuality and cognitive/rhetorical structure of ‘hard news’ reports in news reports from the three Zimbabwean language journalistic cultures are organised around the same structure. The corpus of news reports analysed in this study were examined for the proliferation of instances of observable authorial ideological positionings by focusing how the choices made in terms of lexical, lexicogrammatical and syntagmatic resources signal evaluative keys that betray authorial ideological subjectivities. The texts were, thus, subjected to close textual analyses in terms of generic structure and journalistic voices. The study shows that Zimbabwean news reports in English, Shona and Ndebele generally share the same structure as expressed by the orbital model, in which authorial subjective evaluations are curtailed through a variety of strategic impersonalisations – largely ‘attribution’. However, despite these similarities, significant differences were observed with regards to the textuality of news reports as well as the uses made of attributed materials. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die verhandeling behels ʼn vergelykende analise van die strukturele (generiese/kognitiewe) en ideologiese eienskappe van Zimbabwiese nuusberigte in Engels, Shona en Ndebele, wat veral op die ondersoek van die proliferasie van subjektiwiteite in die houdings van outeurs by ‘kontroversiële’ ‘hardenuusberigte’ en die ideaal van ‘objektiwiteit’ fokus. Die studie het dus die tekstualiteit van Zimbabwiese gedrukte nuusberigte uit die Engels koerante The Herald, Zimbabwe Independent en Newsday, die Shona-koerant Kwayedza en die Ndebele-koerant Umthunywa uit die tydperk Januarie 2010 tot Augustus 2012 vergelyk.
Dié tydperk verteenwoordig ʼn interessante tydvak in die land se politieke landskap. Dit is ʼn tydperk gekenmerk deur ʼn magsdelende regering, ʼn politieke situasie wat die media tot ʼn groot mate gepolariseer het en as sodanig mediastandpunte in verband met enige van die twee belangrikste partye in die eenheidsregering, die Zimbabwe Africa National Union Patriotic Front (ZANU PF) en die Movement for Democratic Change (MDC-T). Uitgedruk in die teoretiese uiteensettings van teorie van waardebepaling, in die besonder die ‘stem van die verslaggewer’-konfigurasie, het die studie gepoog om die uitbreiding van joernalistieke ideologiese subjektiwiteite in ‘hardenuusberigte’ – ʼn beriggewingsgenre wat grootliks deur aansprake van ‘objektiwiteit’ en/of ‘neutraliteit’ en posisies van emosielose joernalistieke beriggewing gekenmerk word – te ondersoek. Die studie, wat ook die orbitale struktuur-model ontwikkel deur Iedema, Feez en White (1994) en White (1997, 1998) by die analise van ‘hardenuusberigte’ in Engelstalige breëbladberiggewing gebruik het, het verder daarna gestreef om ondersoek in te stel daarna of die tekstualiteit en kognitiewe/retoriese struktuur van ‘hardenuusberigte’ in drie joernalistieke kulture in Zimbabwe om dieselfde struktuur heen georganiseer is.
Die korpus nuusberigte wat in hierdie studie ontleed is, is nagegaan vir die proliferasie van gevalle van waarneembare ideologiese posisionerings van die skrywers deur te fokus op hoe die keuses wat gemaak is ten opsigte van leksikale, leksiko-grammatikale en sintagmatiese hulpbronne bewys lewer van waardebepalende sleutels wat ideologiese subjektiwiteite van die outeurs verklap. Die tekste was dus onderworpe aan noukeurige tekstuele analises ten opsigte van generiese struktuur en joernalistieke stemme. Die studie het aangetoon dat Zimbabwiese nuusberigte in Engels, Shona en Ndebele in die reël dieselfde struktuur deel as wat deur die orbitale model uitgedruk word, waarin subjektiewe evaluerings deur die outeur beperk word deur ʼn verskeidenheid strategiese onpersoonlikhede – hoofsaaklik ‘toeskrywing’. Ondanks hierdie ooreenkomste is beduidende verskille waargeneem met betrekking tot die tekstualiteit van nuusberigte asook die gebruik wat van toegeskryfde materiaal gemaak word. / Deep gratitude goes to the Graduate School (Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences – University of Stellenbosch) for the funding/scholarship extended to me through the African Doctoral Academy (ADA), which has made this work see the light of day
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