Spelling suggestions: "subject:"chineseelectronic engineering."" "subject:"chineseelectronic ingineering.""
321 |
Electronically adjustable bandpass filterTerblanche, Phillip 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis presents the study, analysis and design of electronically tunable filters, that can be tuned over a wide
frequency range (20-500MHz), for use in a direct sampling receiver. The final design does not have to be a
single filter, but may be comprised of a filter bank which enables switching between the filters. The band of
interest is too low to use normal transmission lines and lumped elements have to be used. Different topologies
that can implement Coupled Resonator filters with lumped elements are investigated. Devices that can be used
for tuning are also investigated and varactor diodes are found to be the most suitable tuning devices currently
available. Two filters, one at the high-end and one at the low-end of the band, were designed and built, both
using varactor diodes. These filters perform well in terms of tuning range, but achieving low losses with current
technologies in this band remains difficult. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis meld die studie, analise en ontwerp van elektronies verstelbare filters, wat verstelbaar is oor ’n
wye band (20-500MHz), vir gebruik in ’n direk-monster-ontvanger. Die finale ontwerp hoef nie ’n enkele filter
te wees nie, maar kan bestaan uit ’n filterbank wat skakeling tussen die filters toelaat. Die betrokke band is
te laag vir die gebruik van normale transmissielyne en diskrete komponente moet gebruik word. Verskillende
topologieë wat gekoppelde resoneerder filters implementeer met diskrete komponente is ondersoek. Verstelbare
komponente word ook ondersoek en varaktor diodes blyk die mees geskikte verstelbare komponent wat huidig
beskikbaar is in hierdie band. Twee filters, een aan die hoë kant en een aan die lae kant van die band, is ontwerp
en gebou, beide met varaktor diodes. Hierdie filters het wye verstelbare bereik, maar dit is steeds moeilik om
verliese te beperk met die huidige tegnologie.
|
322 |
Probe characterisation, design and evaluation for the real-time quality Indication of milkVan der Westhuyzen, Petrus Johannes 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / In order to rapidly detect, monitor and predict changes in milk as it ferments, sensors would need to be
designed specifically for milk. To this end, invasive surgical stainless steel probes were investigated and
the probe impedances were characterised according to measurements made in various saline concentrations.
Based on these findings, specific probes were designed that were robust and easy to use in milk.
To measure multiple probe sensors continuously and accurately, an automatic measurement device was
designed and manufactured. The device was self-sustaining, portable and calculated and stored all probe
impedance data internally, allowing experimental runs to take place in controlled laboratory environments.
The probes designed in this thesis were consequently tested in various milk fermentation experiments
and it was found that surgical stainless steel probes were effective at detecting and monitoring fermentation
changes. The probe impedance changes also lead the pH changes in milk, giving it a predictive element.
The probe sensor studies provided enough data so that studies could be done into potential non-invasive
sensors. Therefore, capacitive sensors were investigated and a fringe field capacitor was presented as a
potential non-invasive milk fermentation sensor.
|
323 |
Wideband coaxial cable transfer impedance for Karroo Array TelescopeAndriambeloson, Joely Andrianina 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Through the Karoo Array Telescope, and its extension MeerKAT, South Africa is demonstrating its capabilities to host the most powerful radio telescope ever, the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). This new interferometer is intended to assist radio astronomers in unlocking the mysteries concealed in the far regions of the universe. A thorough investigation of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) sources at each stage of the design becomes relevant for the success of the project.
The electromagnetic coupling through coaxial cables is the main focus of this thesis
since 90% of the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) problems come from inadequate
system layout and grounding, where cabling plays the major role. Interest revolves around
better noise immunity, low radiation and cost. Transfer impedance (ZT ) and shielding
e ectiveness (SE) are used as the cable selection criteria. Several measurements of coaxial
cables identi ed on KAT-7 have been performed for ZT characterisation from 300 kHz up to
1.3 GHz. A current injection method is used to identify the ZT for the low frequency region.
We derived the high frequency part of ZT , with a reverberation chamber technique (RC)
measuring shielding e ectiveness. At rst, we calibrated the RC according to the relevant
IEC 61000-4-21 standard and evaluated the result with an Open Area Test Site (OATS)
E- eld estimation. The accuracy of the E- eld within the chamber is also addressed, based
on statistical analysis of the chamber's independent samples.
The OATS E- eld equivalent determination showed a good correlation with the OATS
E- eld data of a standard radiator. A coaxial air-line ZT veri ed the theoretical ZT model
within 7 dB and showed the expected 20 dB/decade slope variation. Furthermore, the
braiding porpoising e ect has been noticed with some cable samples. Here, a variation less
than 20 dB/decade occurs at lower frequency. Then, the slope changes to 20 dB/decade
at high frequency. This study illustrates a practical comparison of cable performance and
constitutes a rst approach to RFI mitigation of the MeerKAT cabling system. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Deur middel van die Karoo Reeks Teleskoop, asook sy uitbreiding MeerKAT, demonstreer Suid-Afrika sy vermo om die mees kragtige radioteleskoop ooit, die Vierkante Kilometer Reeks (SKA), te vestig. Hierdie nuwe interferometer is bedoel om radiosterrekundiges te
help in die ontsluiting van die geheimenisse wat versteek is in die verre reike van die heelal.
'n Deeglike ondersoek van Radio Frekwensie Steurings (RFS) bronne by elke stadium van
die ontwerp is belangrik vir die sukses van die projek.
Die elektromagnetiese koppeling deur koaksiale kabels is die hoo okus van hierdie tesis,
aangesien 90% van die elektromagnetiese versoenbaarheid (EMV) probleme ontstaan as
gevolg van onvoldoende stelsel-uitleg en beaarding, waar kabels die hoofrol speel. Beter
ruis-immuniteit, lae straling en koste vorm die areas van belang. Oordragimpedansie (ZT )
en afskermingsdoeltre endheid (SE) word gebruik as die kabelkeuringskriteria. Verskeie
metings van koaksiale kabels wat op KAT-7 gedenti seer is, is uitgevoer vir ZT karakterisering
van 300 kHz tot 1,3 GHz. 'n Stroom-induseringsmetode is gebruik om die ZT vir die
lae-frekwensiebereik te identi seer. Ons het die ho-frekwensie deel van ZT afgelei met 'n
weerkaatsingskamer tegniek (RC) wat afskermingsdoeltre endheid meet. Eerstens het ons
die RC gekalibreer volgens die relevante IEC 61000-4-21 standaard en die resultaat met
'n Ope Area Toetsterrein (OAT) E-veld benadering gevalueer. Die akkuraatheid van die
E-veld in die kamer is ook aangespreek, gebaseer op 'n statistiese analise van die kamer se
onafhanklike monsters.
Die OAT E-veld ekwivalente benadering het goed met die OAT E-veld data van 'n standaard
uistraler gekorreleer. 'n Koaksiale lugmedium-transmissielyn ZT bevestig die teoretiese ZT
model binne 7 dB en het ook die verwagte 20 dB/dekade variasie in helling getoon. Verder
is die golwende e ek oor die kabelomvlegting opgemerk met sekere kabels. Hier is 'n variasie
van minder as 20 dB/dekade gevind by die laer frekwensie. Dan verander die helling na
20 dB/dekade teen ho frekwensie. Hierdie studie toon 'n praktiese vergelyking van die
verrigting van die kabel en 'n eerste benadering tot RFS tempering van die MeerKAT
kabelstelsel.
|
324 |
Coaxial resonator filtersMaas, Susan 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this project is to develop a number of coaxial resonator lters.
Firstly, the theoretical model of the lter is discussed, with a Tchebyscheff LC-ladder
prototype lter used to derive a generalised bandpass lter. From this, generalised
Combline- and Interdigital lters are derived. Following this, various options
and limitations in the mechanics of microwave lters are discussed. Results are shown
for an in-depth study considering the unloaded quality factor for thirteen di erent
resonators. Each resonator is unique in the method of manufacturing, polishing, as
well as plating.
Utilizing the information obtained from the unloaded quality factor measurements,
three coupled coaxial resonator lters, are designed for use in a radar system, namely
a sixth order 2125 MHz Combline lter, a sixth order 9250 MHz Interdigital lter
and a third order 9250 MHz Interdigital lter.
Optimal results were obtained when both resonators and coupled transmission
line lters were constructed from aluminium that was wire-cut and then silver electroplated. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die omvang van hierdie projek behels die ontwerp en bou van ko-aksiale resoneerder
filters.
Eerstens word die teoretiese modellering van die lters bespreek. 'n Tchebyscheff
LC-leer prototipe filter word gebruik as basis vir 'n generiese banddeurlaat filter. Die
banddeurlaat lter word gebruik om die afgeleide Kamlyn- en Interdigitale filter te
de finieer. Hierna volg 'n bespreking aangaande die verskillende moontlikhede in die
meganiese vervaardiging van mikrogolf filters. 'n Gedetailleerde studie word gedoen
om die onbelaste kwaliteitsfaktore van 13 verskillende resoneerders te bepaal. Elkeen
van hierdie resoneerders is uniek in die metode van vervaardiging, polering, asook die
platering daarvan.
Deur gebruik te maak van die resultate van die onbelaste kwaliteitsfaktore, word
drie gekoppelde ko-aksiale resoneerder filters ontwikkel vir die gebruik in 'n radarstelsel,
naamlik 'n sesde-orde 2125 MHz Kamlyn lter, 'n sesde orde 9250 MHz Interdigitale
filter, asook 'n derde orde 9250 MHz Interdigitale filter.
Die beste resultate was gevind toe beide resoneerders en gekoppelde ko-aksiale
resoneerder filters vervaardig is uit aluminium wat gedraadsny en silwer geplateer is.
|
325 |
Design of an aerodynamic attitude control system for a CubeSatAuret, Jacoba 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MscEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Cape Peninsula University of Technology, in collaboration with Stellenbosch University,
is developing a 3-unit CubeSat for a low earth polar orbit. The two main payloads
are a camera and a radio frequency beacon. This beacon will be used to calibrate the
radar antenna patterns of an antenna of the Hermanus Magnetic Observatory at their
base in Antarctica. This thesis describes the development of an aerodynamic attitude determination
and control system needed to achieve three-axis stabilisation of the satellite
and to perform accurate pointing of the camera.
The satellite structure is designed to utilise aerodynamic means of control. It includes
four feather antennae for passive pitch-yaw stabilisation and two active aerodynamic roll
control paddles. The sensors used are a three-axis magnetometer, ne sun sensor and
nadir sensor. Three attitude determination methods are investigated, namely the Triad,
Rate Kalman Filter and Extended Kalman Filter algorithm. Apart from the aerodynamic
control elements of the satellite, three magnetic torque rods and three nano-reaction
wheels are also included in the design. Three control modes for the satellite are identi ed
and various control methods are investigated for these control modes.
The various attitude determination and control methods are evaluated through simulations
and the results are compared to determine the nal methods to be used by the
satellite. The magnetic Rate Kalman Filter is chosen as attitude determination method
to be used when the satellite is tumbling and a combination of the sun Rate Kalman
Filter and the Triad algorithm is to be used when the satellite experiences low angular
rates. The B-dot and Y-spin controller is chosen for the detumbling control mode, the
aerodynamic and cross-product control method for the three-axis stabilisation control
mode and the quaternion feedback control method for the pointing control mode of the
satellite. The combination of magnetic and aerodynamic control proved to be su cient
for the initial stabilisation of the satellite, but the three nano-reaction wheels are required
for the pointing control of the imaging process. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Kaapse Skiereiland Universiteit van Tegnologie, in samewerking met die Universiteit
van Stellenbosch, is tans besig met die ontwikkeling van 'n 3-eenheid CubeSat vir 'n
pol^ere, lae aard-wentelbaan. Die twee loonvragte van die satelliet bestaan uit 'n kamera
en 'n radiofrekwensie-baken. Die radiofrekwensie-baken sal gebruik word om 'n antenna
van die Hermanus Magnetiese Observatorium, by hul basis in Antarktika, se radar antenna
patrone te kalibreer. Hierdie tesis beskryf die ontwikkeling van 'n aerodinamiese
ori entasiebepaling en -beheerstelsel wat benodig word om die satelliet in drie asse te
stabiliseer en om die kamera noukeurig te rig.
Die satelliet se struktuur word ontwerp vir aerodinamiese beheer. Dit sluit vier veerantennas
in vir passiewe duik-gier beheer, asook twee aerodynamiese rolbeheer
appies
vir aktiewe beheer. Die sensors wat gebruik word sluit 'n drie-as magnetometer, fyn
sonsensor en nadirsensor in. Drie ori entasiebepalingsmetodes word ondersoek, naamlik
die Drietal, Tempo Kalman lter en die Uitgebreide Kalman lter algoritmes. Buiten die
aerodinamiese beheerelemente van die satelliet, word daar ook drie magneetstange en
drie nano-reaksiewiele ingesluit in die ontwerp. Daar word onderskeid getref tussen drie
beheermodusse en verskeie beheermetodes word ondersoek vir hierdie beheermodusse.
Die verskeie ori entasiebepalings- en ori entasiebeheermetodes word ge evalueer deur middel
van simulasies en die resultate word vergelyk om die beste metodes vir die satelliet se
gebruik te bepaal. Die magnetiese Tempo Kalman lter word gekies as ori entasiebepalingsmetode
vir 'n tuimelende satelliet en die kombinasie van die son Tempo Kalman lter en
Drietal algoritme word gebruik vir 'n satelliet met lae hoektempos. Die B-dot en Y-spin
beheerder word gekies vir die tuimelbeheermodus, die aerodinamiese en kruisproduk beheermetode
vir die drie-as-stabilisasie-beheermodus en die kwaternioon terugvoer beheermetode
vir die rigbeheermodus van die satelliet. Daar word bepaal dat die samespanning
van magnetiese en aerodinamiese beheer voldoende is vir die aanvanklike stabilisering
van die satelliet, maar dat die drie nano-reaksiewiele benodig word om die kamera te rig
tydens die beeldvormingproses.
|
326 |
Feedback control of a shape memory alloy actuator for control surface deflectionEhlers, Righardt Frederick 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The successful design, implementation and testing of a feedback control system for
tab-deflection control of a shape memory alloy (SMA) based control surface actuator
is presented. The research is performed as part of the Control Surfaces in Confined
Spaces (CoSICS) research project conducted at Stellenbosch University. The research
group investigates ways to provide control surface actuation in size-restricted spaces
in commercial aircraft such as the Airbus A320 and A330. This is achieved by investigating
the concept of trailing edge tabs to reduce the required torque load, resulting
in reduced actuator requirements enabling the use of smaller actuators. This thesis
contributes to the project by investigating the possibility of using SMA-based actuators
in reduced hinge moment requirement applications.
An SMA-based tab actuator demonstrator design is presented. Mathematical models
are derived for the SMA material, thermodynamics and actuator geometry. The models
are combined to formulate an SMA-based control surface actuator model. The model is
utilised in four tracking feedback controller designs; two based on linear and two based
on non-linear control techniques.
The manufactured prototype is presented along with the incorporated hardware for
controller implementation. System identification follows and validates the three mathematical
models.
Practical verification of the model and two of the controllers is conducted. The unimplemented
controllers are implemented through a validated model simulation. Controller
evaluation, based on the dynamic controller performance, is conducted. The results
validate the concept of using an SMA actuator for tab-deflection control and indicate
important limitations for the intended application. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tesis behels die ontwerp, implementering en toetsing van ’n terugvoer beheerstelsel
vir hulpvlak defleksie beheer van ’n vorm-geheue allooi (SMA) gebaseerde aktueerder.
Die navorsing vorm deel van die Beheervlakke in Begrensde Ruimtes (CoSICS) navorsingsprojek
by Stellenbosch Universiteit. Die CoSICS navorsing behels ’n ondersoek na
beheervlak aktueering in beknopte spasies in kommersiële vliegtuie soos die Airbus
A320 en A330. Die probleem word aangespreek deur ’n ondersoek na aerodinamiese
hulpvlakke wat ’n vermindering in skarnier moment tot gevolg het en sodoende die
aktueerder vereistes verminder.
Hierdie tesis dra by tot die projek deur die moontlikheid van die gebruik van SMAgebaseerde
aktueerders in verminderde skarnier moment vereiste toepassings te ondersoek.
‘n SMA gebaseerde hulpvlak demonstrasie aktueerder ontwerp word voorgelê. Wiskundige
modelle vir die SMA materiaal, termodinamika en prototipe geometrie is geformuleer
en gekombineer om ‘n SMA gebaseerde beheervlak aktueerder model te ontwikkel.
Die model word in vier beheerder ontwerpe toegepas. Twee ontwerpe is op
liniëre en twee op nie-liniëre beheer tegnieke gebaseer.
Die prototipe en nodige hardeware vir beheerder implementasie is voorgedra. Stelsel
identifikasie is toegepas en verifieer die drie wiskundige modelle.
Praktiese verifikasie van die model en twee beheerders is gedoen. Die ongeïmplementeerde
beheerders is deur die geverifieerde aktueerder model gesimuleer. ‘n Beheerder
evaluasie gebaseer op die dinamiese beheerder gedrag word toegepas. Die
evaluasie beklemtoon kritiese aspekte en beperkinge in verband met SMA aktueering.
Die resultate regverdig die gebruik van ‘n SMA aktueerder vir hulpvlak defleksie beheer
en beklemtoon belangrike beperkinge ten opsigte van die voorgestelde toepassing.
|
327 |
Culprit and victim management RFI environment for a radio astronomy siteVan der Merwe, Carel 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A methodology is developed to manage the large number of RFI Culprits on a new Radio
Telescope location such as the South African site being developed in the Karoo, both during
construction and ongoing operations. The requirement for RFI control is presented, with brief
reference to the more traditional methods used by other Radio Telescope observatories. The new
approach is then presented, based on methods used in the engineering field of Logistic
Engineering. Three case studies are used to illustrate how the approach can be applied. Finally,
recommendations are made on how the approach can be implemented for new Radio Telescope
projects. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ‘n Metodolgie word ontwikkel vir die beheer van die groot aantal Radiofrekwensiesteurings
oortreders by ‘n nuwe Radio Teleskoop terrein, soos die Suid Afrikaanse terrein wat huidiglik in die
Karoo ontwikkel word. Die metodolgie geld beide gedurende konstruksie en gedurende bedryf.
Die behoefte vir RFS beheer word aangebied, met kortlikse melding van die meer tradisionele
metodes wat ander Radio Teleskoop Sterrewagte gebruik. ‘n Nuwe aanslag, gebaseer op die
metodolgieë van Logistieke Ingenieurswese, word dan aangebied. Drie gevallestudies wys hoe
hierdie nuwe aanslag toegepas kan word. Laastens word aanbevelings gemaak om hierdie nuwe
aanslag met nuwe Radio Teleskoop projekte te implimenteer.
|
328 |
Development of a stereo vision mixed reality frameworkLe Roux, Christiaan Johannes Hendrik 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Augmented reality is a fairly young research field, still in an infancy stage
at Stellenbosch University. Since this is one of the first augmented reality
projects, one goal is to present a theoretical study of augmented reality. This
study is given in the literature study, along with a review of the available
development solutions.
While there are various tools available with which one can create markerbased
augmented reality applications, these tools are not meant for testing new
techniques and algorithms in an augmented or mixed reality. The remaining
goals of this project is to create a platform for the rapid design of augmented
reality applications, and to expand the capabilities of this platform beyond
marker-based augmented reality.
In this project we present the design and implementation of a pragmatic
mixed-reality framework capable of a wider variety of applications. A design
is shown where marker tracking can be used alongside other computer vision
techniques to design new applications. The framework utilises stereo cameras
to find the position of real world objects, and a 3D display to make the mixed
reality environment as immersive as possible.
Proof of concept test applications built with the framework are presented.
Colour based techniques are used to find a user’s hand and create a virtual
representation of it. This allows the user to interact with a virtual object in
an augmented reality scene by ‘touching’ it with her hand. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Toegevoegde realiteit is ’n jong navorsingsveld by Universiteit Stellenbosch.
Aangesien hierdie een van die eerste projekte is wat fokus op toegevoegde
realiteit, is ’n teoretiese studie van toegevoegde realiteit as ’n doel gestel.
Dit word verskaf in die literatuurstudie, tesame met ’n oorsig oor bestaande
oplossings vir die ontwikkeling van toegevoegde realiteit sagteware.
Bestaande oplossings is gefokus op die ontwikkeling van merker-gebaseerde
toegevoegde realiteit, maar los min ruimte vir die toets van nuwe tegnieke
toepasbaar op die veld. Dit lei tot die oorblywende doelwitte van die projek:
om ’n platform te ontwerp vir die ontwikkeling van merker-gebaseerde
toegevoegde realiteit programme, asook om die platform uit te brei.
Ons lewer ’n pragmatiese ontwikkelingsraamwerk wat dit moontlik maak
om ’n verskeidenheid nuwe toegevoegde realiteit programme te ontwikkel. Die
raamwerk is ontwerp sodat die ontwikkelaar merkers saam met ander rekenaarvisie
tegnieke kan gebruik om sagteware te skep. Stereo kameras word gebruik
om die posisie van werklike voorwerpe te vind. Die raamwerk maak ook gebruik
van ’n 3D skerm om virtuele objekte te vertoon.
Toetsprogramme gebou as ’n bewys van die konsep, word vertoon en bespreek.
’n Kleur-gebaseerde tegniek word gebruik om ’n gebruiker se hand te
vind, en ’n virtuele voorstelling van die hand word geskep. Die gebruiker kan
virtuele voorwerpe laat reageer deur dit met haar hand aan te raak.
|
329 |
A hybrid MoM/PO technique with large element PONazo, Syanda 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Radar Cross Section (RCS) is an important parameter in radar engineering.
Often, electrically large structures are of interest in RCS analysis due to the
high operating frequencies of radar systems. Simulation of these problems can
be more e cient than measurement due to the cost associated with measurement.
The Method of Moments/Physical Optics (MoM/PO) hybrid method
combines the advantages of the MoM and PO, making it suited to solving
electrically large problems that may contain some small complex detail. The
requirement for high meshing resolution when analysing some electromagnetic
problems, however, signi cantly increases memory requirements. As a result,
the hybrid MoM/PO becomes computationally expensive for electrically large
problems. In this work, a linear phase term is introduced into the RWG basis
function formulation of the MoM/PO hybrid. The addition of the linear
phase term allows the use of large triangular mesh elements in the PO region,
resulting in the analysis of electrically large problems. The bene t of this
formulation is that it allows a reduction in computational cost whilst maintaining
the accuracy of the hybrid MoM/PO. This improved hybrid is tested
on various planar test cases and results show that it attains the same level of
accuracy as the original MoM/PO hybrid. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Radardeursnit is 'n belangrike parameter in radaringenieurswese. As gevolg
van die hoë frekwensies wat deur baie radarstelsels gebruik word, is elektriesgroot
probleme dikwels van belang in die berekening van die radardeursnit van
teikens. Die modellering en berekening van die radardeursnit van teikens kan
meer kostedoeltre end as metings wees, as gevolg van die beduidende koste
van radardeursnitmetings. Die hibriede Moment-Metode/Fisiese-Optika tegniek
kombineer die voordele van die twee tegnieke, wat dit geskik maak vir
elektries-groot probleme met klein, komplekse detail. Indien die gewone benadering
egter gevolg word om 'n hoë resolusie faset-model te gebruik, bly
dit berekeningsintensief met groot rekenaar geheuevereistes vir elektries-groot
probleme. In hierdie studie word 'n lineêre fase term ingesluit in die formulering
van die Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) basisfunksies vorm van die hibriede
Moment-Metode/Fisiese-Optika tegniek. Die toevoeging van die lineêre fase
term maak dit moontlik om groot driehoekfasette in die Fisiese-Optika gebied
te gebruik, wat beteken dat elektries-groot probleme makliker opgelos kan
word. Die voordeel van hierdie nuwe formulering is dat die berekeningslas en
-tyd verminder word terwyl die akkuraatheid van die oorspronklike hibriede
Moment-Metode/Fisiese-Optika tegniek behou word. Hierdie verbeterde hibriede
tegniek word getoets aan die hand van verskeie platvlak toetsgevalle en
die resultate dui daarop dat die akkuraatheid vergelykbaar is met die van die
oorspronklike hibriede Moment-Metode/Fisiese-Optika tegniek.
|
330 |
Autonomous air-to-air refueling : a comparison of control strategiesVenter, Jeanne Marie 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The air-to-air refuelling of large aircraft presents challenges such as a long fuel transfer
time, slow aircraft responses and a large distance between the aircraft CG and the
receptacle position. This project addresses some of these issues by adding a control
system to keep the receiver aircraft in the correct position relative to the tanker to
enable fuel transfer.
This project investigates different control strategies which are designed to control the
A330-300 during refuelling at one trim condition. The controllers are based on a mathematical
aircraft model which was derived from a simulation model received from
Airbus.
The first set of controllers uses the aircraft actuators directly. Controllers that are
based on the CG dynamics and the receptacle dynamics are compared. Due to the large
distance between the CG and the receptacle it was found to be essential to control the
receptacle position, and not only the CG position. Also, a controller that is based on a
model of the receptacle dynamics performs better.
The second set of controllers uses the aircraft manual control laws as an inner loop
controller. This set of controllers and the last direct actuator controller use the same
axial controller that uses the engine thrust to control axial position.
It was found that both the direct actuator controller and the manual control laws
controller are able to keep the receptacle within the disconnect envelope in moderate
turbulence. In both sets of controllers the axial controller fails to keep the receptacle
reliably within the disconnect envelope in light turbulence.
From the results it is concluded that both the direct actuator control and manual control
laws can be used to successfully control the receptacle position in the normal and lateral
positions as long as the receptacle kinematics are included in the control design. Using
only the engine thrust for axial control is insufficient. Several recommendations are
made to improve the axial control and also how these results can be used in future
work. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die lug-tot-lug brandstof hervulling van groot vliegtuie het uitdagings soos ’n lang
hervullingstyd, stadige vliegtuig dinamika en ’n groot afstand tussen die hervullingspoort
en die vliegtuig massamiddelpunt. Hierdie projek spreek sommige van hierdie
uitdagings aan deur ’n beheerstelsel by te voeg wat die vliegtuig in die korrekte posisie
relatief tot die tenker hou vir brandstofoordrag om plaas te vind.
Hierdie projek ondersoek verskillende beheerstrategieë wat ontwerp is om die A330-
300 te beheer by ’n enkele gestadigde toestand. Die beheerders is gebaseer op ’n
wiskundige vliegtuigmodel wat vanaf ’n simulasiemodel afgelei is. Die simulasiemodel
is vanaf Airbus verkry.
Die eerste stel beheerders beheer direk die vliegtuig se beheeroppervlakke. Beheerders
wat onderskeidelik die massamiddelpunt en die hervullingspoort beheer word vergelyk.
Daar is gevind dat dit essensieel is om die hervullingspoort te beheer en nie slegs die
massamiddelpunt nie, as gevolg van die groot afstand tussen hierdie twee punte.
Die tweede stel beheerders gebruik die vliegtuig se eie beheerwette as ’n binnelusbeheerder
en vorm self die buitelus. Albei stelle beheerders gebruik dieselfde aksiale
beheerder wat enjin stukrag gebruik om die aksiale posisie te beheer.
Daar is gevind dat beide stelle beheerders die hervullingspoort binne die ontkoppelingsbestek
kan hou in die normale en laterale rigtings tydens matige turbulensie. In beide
stelle beheerders is dit die aksiale beheerder wat faal om die hervullingspoort betroubaar
in posisie te hou, selfs in ligte turbulensie.
Vanaf die resultate word afgelei dat beide die direkte beheerder en die buitelusbeheerder
gepas is om die laterale en normale posisiebeheer toe te pas mits die dinamika
van die hervullingspoort in ag geneem word. Om slegs stukrag te gebruik vir aksiale
beheer is nie voldoende nie, en verskeie voorstelle word gemaak om die aksiale beheer
te verbeter in toekomstige navorsing.
|
Page generated in 0.0767 seconds