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Dynamic control of the permanent magnet assisted reluctance synchronous machine with constant current angleDe Kock, Hugo Werner 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / This thesis is about the dynamic control of a permanent magnet assisted reluctance synchronous
machine (PMA RSM). The PMA RSM in this thesis is a 110 kW traction machine and is ideal for the
use in electrical rail vehicles. An application of the dynamic control of the PMA RSM in electrical rail
vehicles is to reduce wheel slip.
The mathematical model of the PMA RSM is derived and explained in physical terms. Two methods
of current control for the PMA RSM are investigated, namely constant field current control (CFCC)
and constant current angle control (CCAC). It is shown that CCAC is more appropriate for the PMA
RSM.
A current controller for the PMA RSM that guarantees stability is derived and given as an analytic
formula. This current controller can be used for any method of current control, i.e. CFCC or CCAC.
An accurate simulation model for the PMA RSM is obtained using results from finite element analysis
(FEA). The accurate model is used in a simulation to verify CCAC. A normal proportional integral
speed controller for the PMA RSM is designed and the design is also verified by simulation.
Practical implementation of the current and speed controllers is considered along with a general
description of the entire drive system. The operation of the resolver (for position measurement) is
given in detail. Important safety measures and the design of the electronic circuitry to give protection
are shown. Practical results concerning current and speed control are then shown.
To improve the dynamic performance of the PMA RSM, a load torque observer with compensation
current feedback is investigated. Two observer structures are considered, namely the reduced state
observer and the full state observer. The derivation of the full state observer and the detail designs of
the observer elements are given. The accurate simulation model of the PMA RSM is used to verify the
operation of the observer structures and to evaluate the dynamic performance. Both observer
structures are implemented practically and practical results are shown.
One method of position sensorless control, namely the high frequency voltage injection method, is
discussed in terms of the PMA RSM. This work is additional to the thesis but it is shown, because it
raises some interesting questions regarding the dynamic control of the PMA RSM.
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Development of a low phase noise microwave voltage controlled oscillatorVermaak, Elrien 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / The topic for this project entailed the development of a ‘Low Phase Noise –
Microwave – Voltage Controlled Oscillator’ for use in radar applications.
First of all, a low phase noise oscillator was designed. In order to minimise
the phase noise of the oscillator, a high-Q, transmission line – cavity resonator was
developed. By derivation it was confirmed that an optimal point for minimum phase
noise does exist. The latter was done by evaluating the equation for the output
power spectral density of the oscillator phase noise (as defined by Leeson’s Phase
Noise Model) at its minimum point. Subsequently, the amount of power that needed
to be dissipated inside the resonator could be compared to that dissipated in the
source and the load. This identified the amount of coupling to the resonator allowed,
assuring minimum phase noise. Since a specific amount of coupling to the resonator
was sought after, it had to be practically feasible. Therefore several coupling
techniques were investigated to ensure the most user-friendly way of tuning the
amount of coupling to the resonator, and hence easily reaching the optimum point of
minimum phase noise.
After successful completion of the low phase noise oscillator design, it was
modified for voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) use by means of variable tuning
diodes. These varactor diodes were situated inside the cavity of the resonator.
Again the most suitable position to place the diodes had to be determined. The latter
was done through considerably detailed transmission line theory; where the loaded
Q, the tuning bandwidth (amount of change in frequency reached) and the amount of
power dissipated inside the resonator were measured against each other.
By means of the necessary phase noise measurements, it was confirmed
that in order to keep the phase noise to a minimum, the tuning bandwidth had to be
kept small and the amount of power dissipated inside the resonator maximised; so as
to keep the overall loaded Q-value of the circuit as high as possible.
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Control moment gyro actuator for small satellite applicationsBerner, Reimer 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / The aim of the thesis is to design a Control Moment Gyro (CMG) actuator which can be
used in small satellite applications. The hardware and software of the CMG has to be
designed according to specifications given. A satellite fitted with these CMGs has to be
able to do a 30 degree rotation within 10 seconds.
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Design Procedures for Series and Parallel Feedback Microwave DROsAlaslami, Nauwaf 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / Clear procedures for designing dielectric resonator oscillators (DROs) are presented in
this thesis, including built examples to validate these design procedures. Both series
and parallel feedback DROs are discussed and the procedures for building them are
presented. Two examples at different frequencies for each type of DRO are constructed
and tested with the results shown. The first is at a frequency of approximately 6.22
GHz and the second for the higher frequency of 11.2 GHz. The DROs for the desired
frequencies are designed using the Microwave Office (MWO) software by AWR with
the design based on the small-signal model (scattering parameters). Oscillators are
produced using the negative resistance method. The circuit achieves low noise by using
a dielectric resonator with a high Q factor. Both the series and parallel feedback DRO
circuits can be mechanically tuned around the resonant frequency to maximize
performance.
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Reusable software defined radio platform for micro-satellitesVan Wyk, John Foster 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / This thesis describes the design and implementation of a software platform for software
defined radio (SDR). This platform was to form part of an experimental satellite payload.
Several other experiments were also housed on this platfrom and subsequently had to be
incorporated into the design. The hardware components of the payload were already de-
termined at the start of the project but firmware had to be created as part of the project.
The software platform was based on the Linux kernel. Device drivers had to be designed for
the hardware and firmware components. These drivers were designed so that standard Unix
utilities could be used to interact with them. This allowed for easy testing of the system
and the programs running on it. The use of the platform for modulation and demodulation
of analogue signals was demonstrated using a proof-of-concept SDR application.
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An attitude and orbit determination and control system for a small geostationary satelliteThopil, G. A. 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / An analysis of the attitude determination and control system required for a
small geostationary satellite is performed in this thesis. A three axis quaternion
feedback reaction wheel control system is the primary control system used to meet the
stringent accuracy requirements. A momentum bias controller is also evaluated to
provide redundancy and to extend actuator life.
Momentum dumping is preformed by magnetic torque rods using a crossproduct
controller. Performance of three axis thruster control is also evaluated. A full
state Extended Kalman filter is used to determine attitude and body angular rates
during normal operation whereas a Multiplicative Extended Kalman Filter is used
during attitude manoeuvres.
An analytical orbit control study is also performed to calculate the propellant
required to perform station-keeping, for a specific sub-satellite location over a ten
year period. Finally an investigation on the effects caused by thruster misalignment,
on satellite attitude is also performed.
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Strategies for the control of a satellite with thruster misalignmentVan Daalen, Corne E. 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / This project investigates two problems related to satellites that contain cold gas thrusters and reaction wheels. The first problem concerns the estimation of the thruster force response to a pulse command. An optimal data integration method is developed and implemented to estimate the thruster force output from a number of noisy sensors. The second problem occurs when the output force vector of a thruster mounted on a satellite is misaligned with the centre of mass with the satellite. As a result a disturbance torque is generated on the satellite during thruster operation.
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The design of a low cost ad-hoc network for short distance data acquisitionRossouw, Cornelius Marais 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / In this thesis the design of a low-cost ad hoc network for short distance data acquisition applications
with low data arrival intervals will be presented. The focus is on cost reduction by
replacing the traditional high power radios with low-power RF transceivers. The conventional
way of using multiple stationary repeater towers (depending on the network) is also replaced by
using an ad hoc con guration, where each individual station also serves as a repeater station to
adjacent stations. This approach reduces network design time enormously, seeing that the network
is able to con gure itself. By using this auto-routing multi-hop approach, data acquisition
points are no longer restricted to the reception areas of base stations.
A CSMA contention protocol is used for the data communication. Current models used to model
this protocol are dependent on various assumptions. In the research reported in this thesis, a
statistical study of the collision probability is performed and the results used to expand the
current CSMA models. Inter-dependent characteristics of this model are also further enhanced
to provide a more realistic model. A simulink model of the particular CSMA protocol is also
designed. Both the mathematical- and the simulink models provide relatively good predictions
when compared to actual measured results
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Bird song recognition with hidden Markov modelsVan der Merwe, Hugo Jacobus 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / Automatic bird song recognition and transcription is a relatively new field. Reliable
automatic recognition systems would be of great benefit to further research
in ornithology and conservation, as well as commercially in the very large birdwatching
subculture.
This study investigated the use of Hidden Markov Models and duration
modelling for bird call recognition. Through use of more accurate duration
modelling, very promising results were achieved with feature vectors consisting
of only pitch and volume. An accuracy of 51% was achieved for 47 calls from 39
birds, with the models typically trained from only one or two specimens. The
ALS pitch tracking algorithm was adapted to bird song to extract the pitch.
Bird song synthesis was employed to subjectively evaluate the features.
Compounded Selfloop Duration Modelling was developed as an alternative
duration modelling technique. For long durations, this technique can be more
computationally efficient than Ferguson stacks.
The application of approximate string matching to bird song was also briefly
considered.
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Automated pediatric cardiac auscultationDe Vos, Jacques Pinard 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Most of the relevant and severe congenital cardiac malfunctions can be recognized
in the neonatal period of a child’s life. The delayed recognition of a congenital heart
defect may have a serious impact on the long-term outcome of the affected child.
Experienced cardiologists can usually evaluate heart murmurs with a high sensitivity
and specificity, although non-specialists, with less clinical experience, may have
more difficulty. Although primary care physicians frequently encounter children
with heart murmurs most of these murmurs are innocent.
The aim of this project is to design an automated algorithm that can assist the primary
care physician in screening and diagnosing pediatric patients with possible
cardiac malfunctions. Although attempts have been made to automate screening by
auscultation, no device is currently available to fulfill this function. Multiple indicators
of pathology are nonetheless available from heart sounds and were elicited
using several signal processing techniques. The three feature extraction algorithms
(FEA’s) developed respectively made use of a Direct Ratio technique, a Wavelet
analysis technique and a Knowledge based neural network technique. Several implementations
of each technique are evaluated to identify the best performer. To
test the performance of the various algorithms, the clinical auscultation sounds and
ECG-data of 163 patients, aged between 2 months and 16 years, were digitized.
Results presented show that the De-noised Jack-Knife neural network can classify 163
recordings with a sensitivity and specificity of 92 % and 92.9 % respectively. This
study concludes that, in certain conditions, the developed automated auscultation
algorithms show significant potential in their use as an alternative evaluation technique
for the classification of heart sounds in normal (innocent) and pathological
classes.
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