No description available.

No description available.

After a general historical outline of the term and concept 'grotesque' attention is focused on the grotesque in Southern fiction and an attempt is made to explain the abundance of this mode in the literature of the South. It can seemingly be linked to the distinctiveness of that region as compared to the rest of the United States—a distinctiveness that has been brought about by historical, geographical, sociological and economic factors.Basing the discussion on the theory of Philip Thomson, who defines the grotesque as "the unresolved clash between incompatibles in work and response," various critical approaches to the Southern grotesque are examined, all of which are found to be too all-embracing. An effort is then made to analyse the grotesque as displayed particularly in Caldwell, Capote, Faulkner, Goyen, McCullers, O'Connor and Welty. The study deals first with the macabre-grotesque, then the repulsive/frighten-ing-grotesque and finally the comic-grotesque. The last chapter is devoted to more recent authors writing in the 1960s. Their works reveal that the South is still a breeding ground for the grotesque. / digitalisering@umu

A contact system driven by a high energetic Thomson actuator requires to be decelerated from full speed down to zero. The forces originated from the interaction between a stationary copper tube and a moving array of magnets combined with plastic or ferromagnetic material are used to generate eddy-current damping. Five different configurations of small but strong (N52) neodymium magnets and spacers were benchmarked for simple free-fall damping. A comparison between experimental results and simulations (using COMSOL) has shown that the most effective damping is reached by two consecutive permanent magnets with opposite magnetization directions ,separated by low-carbon content steel concentrators(SN - Fe concentrator- NS). The proposed damper design is the result of the balance between various parameters such as magnet orientation topology in the array, spacer material and its dimensions, copper tube thickness and the air gap between copper tube and array. Furthermore, the design was scaled up and an actuator-drive system was added to perform more realistic tests, which demonstrated the damping effectiveness on a fast moving armature actuated by a Thomson coil energized by a capacitor bank. All models in the simulation predicted the damping effect in advance. Investigations were conducted with two cases: (1) A solid copper rod was supposed to pass through the magnet array; (2) A plastic shaft was applied to support the magnet array. Finally a damping prototype with a plastic shaft was built for completing damping tests. The results of these tests validated the numerical model with a high degree of accuracy.

No description available.

No description available.

We investigate nonlinear Thomson scattering generated by intense laser pulses focused in noble gases. Electrons are ionized from low-density helium or argon early during the laser pulse and scatter light out the side of the focus. We measure fundamental, second, and third harmonic light focus over nearly the entire emission sphere. We investigate the influence of electron bunching, when individual atoms ionize multiple electrons sequentially as the laser field increases early during the laser pulse. Simulations suggest that correlation between electron positions for the ten electrons ionized from argon should distort the spatial pattern of nonlinear Thomson scattering relative to the two-electron pattern observed for helium. Preliminary experimental measurements do not reveal a difference in emission patterns between helium and argon. However, our experimental efforts were hampered by prepulses in our laser system, which could cause electrons to ionize ahead of the main pulse and disrupt the coherence between electrons. In the future, we hope to improve the pulse temporal contrast of the laser system and revisit this experiment. We also explore observed distortions in the angular emission patterns of nonlinear Thomson scattering. These persistent distortions arise presumably from subtle defects in the laser field, which can imprint on the angular distribution of the scattered light. Possibilities include variations in laser focal shape, spatial chirp, and laser-field polarization. We set out on a systematic experimental course to identify laser beam characteristics that may contribute to such distortions in the angular emission patterns. We develop experimental tests which have implicated our wave plate, used to rotate linear laser polarization, as a likely source of distortion. Further tests on the wave plate are required to confirm and explain how it affects the angular distribution of nonlinear Thomson scattering.

This thesis focuses on the poetry of place in the works of the two most important figures of modern Scottish Gaelic verse: Sorley MacLean (Somhairle MacGill-Eain, 1911-1996) and Derick Thomson (Ruaraidh MacThòmais, 1921-2012). Both poets exhibited a keen interest in poetry of place, although each one approached it from a very different angle: MacLean's poetry is proudly local and audaciously universal at the same time, moving from the Cuillin of Skye to Spain and Russia in the space of one stanza, while Thomson inquires in the ways in which the island environment, in terms of nature, language and religion, shapes the individual psyche, memory and creative abilities, and he is also a significant poet of the city. The opening chapter gives reasons for the choice of these two authors, introduces the structure and method of the thesis, and outlines what is meant by "poetry of place." It also sums up different theoretical approaches to places and discusses important features of Scottish Gaelic poetry of place of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as both poets employed, altered and contradicted certain traditional patterns and motifs. The second chapter provides a context for the subsequent discussion by explaining the basic facts about the linguistic, social and cultural conditions of Gaelic...

L'échographie est aujourd'hui une technique d'imagerie de diagnostic répandue. Si l'imagerie dite ‘classique' basée sur la réponse linéaire des tissus est couramment utilisée, l'imagerie harmonique, basée sur la réponse non linéaire des tissus, est maintenant aussi utilisée en routine clinique. L'estimation du paramètre de non linéarité d'un milieu par une technique ultrasonore amène de nouvelles perspectives en termes d'imagerie et de diagnostic. Cependant, la méthode de mesure du paramètre de non linéarité est limitée par deux facteurs, la présence du speckle et la concentration de l'énergie à une profondeur donnée (la zone focale). Cette thèse a pour objectifs de répondre aux deux limitations mentionnées précédemment en proposant de nouvelles méthodes de lissage de l'image pour réduire le speckle et d'améliorer l'estimation du paramètre de non linéarité en mode écho par de nouvelles méthodes d'émission. Dans un premier temps, il a été proposé d'utiliser une méthode de filtrage spatiale basée sur des filtres orthogonaux (filtres de Thomson) lors de la formation de voie en réception pour lisser le speckle. Ce filtrage spatiale intervient après la transmission d'ondes planes sous différents angles pour améliorer la résolution spatiale et le contraste tout en accélérant la cadence d'imagerie. Dans un deuxième temps, l'estimation du paramètre de non linéarité est faite avec une méthode comparative. Le champ de pression du second harmonique d'une zone de référence est comparé avec le champ de pression d'une zone dont le paramètre de non linéarité est inconnu. Cependant, dans le cas des images échographiques, le champ de pression du second harmonique n'est pas accessible. Nous faisons l'hypothèse que la pression acoustique locale est liée à l'intensité de l'image échographique si le speckle est réduit et lissé. La transmission d'ondes planes et l'application de filtres orthogonaux permet de mieux délimiter le paramètre de non linéarité par rapport à une transmission focalisée / Nowadays, ultrasound imaging is a common diagnostic tool thanks to its non-invasive behavior and relatively cheap equipment. Classic medical echographic imaging is based on the linear response of the biological tissue. However harmonic imaging, based on the harmonic frequencies generated by the nonlinear properties of the tissue, is more and more used for clinical application. The quantification of nonlinearity is based on the evaluation of the nonlinearity parameter which strongly influences the harmonics generation. The nonlinearity parameter estimation using an echographic approach would bring new modalities for imaging and diagnosis. However the echographic method for nonlinearity estimation is limited by two factors: the presence of speckles in the image and the focalization used during transmission, which concentrates the energy at one particular depth. The objectives of this thesis work are developing novel approaches to reduce the speckle noise using original smoothing techniques and improving the nonlinearity parameter estimation in echo mode using new transmission-reception strategies. Firstly, new speckle noise reduction approaches were investigated. The Thomson’s multitaper approach was proposed, consisting in using several different orthogonal apodizations during beamforming. This method was combined to a coherent plane-wave compounding transmission-reception strategy improving the spatial resolution and the contrast while improving the frame rate. In a second time, the nonlinearity parameter was estimated using a comparative method. The second-harmonic pressure field of a reference area was compared to the pressure field of an area where the nonlinearity parameter is unknown. However in echo-mode, the pressure field of the medium is unknown. It is assumed in this thesis work that the local pressure can be derived from envelope image local amplitude if the speckle noise is smoothed. The nonlinearity parameter estimation has been improved using plane-wave transmission and orthogonal apodizations compared to the use of a single focalization transmission / Oggigiorno, le tecniche di imaging ad ultrasuoni sono un comune strumento di diagnosi, grazie alla loro non invasività e alla relativa economicità dei sistemi. La risposta lineare dei tessuti biologici è la base per le tecniche di imaging ecografico tradizionali. La generazione di frequenze ad armoniche superiori da parte dei tessuti può essere sfruttata per sviluppare tecniche di imaging innovative (i.e., imaging armonico), che sono sempre più utilizzate per applicazioni cliniche. Tali tecniche sono basate sul metodo di valutazione del parametro di non linearità che influenza fortemente la generazione delle armoniche all’interno dei tessuti. I metodi per la stima dei suddetti parametri sfruttano solitamente un approccio ecografico tradizionale. Di conseguenza, gli effetti legati alla focalizzazione impiegata durante la trasmissione, che concentra l’energia ad una particolare profondità, e la presenza di speckle nell’immagine finale, rendono più incerta la stima del parametro di non linearità. In questa tesi sono proposti metodi innovativi finalizzati a due scopi: ridurre, nelle immagini, il rumore dovuto a speckle, tramite l’adozione di nuove tecniche di smoothing; migliorare la stima dei parametri di non linearità, tramite l’impiego di nuove strategie di beamforming in trasmissione e ricezione. Per ridurre il rumore dovuto a speckle, è stato proposto un approccio di filtraggio spaziale basato sull’impiego dei filtri di Thomson. Tale tecnica consiste nell’impiego di numerose apodizzazioni ortogonali fra di loro in fase di beamforming. Il metodo è stato in particolare combinato con la tecnica di imaging coherent plane-wave compounding, con lo scopo di migliorare la risoluzione spaziale e il contrasto e, al contempo, incrementare il frame rate. Il parametro di non linearità è stato misurato tramite un approccio comparativo. Il campo di pressione della seconda armonica in un’area di riferimento dell’immagine è stato confrontato con quello di un’area in cui il parametro di non linearità è ignoto. In questa tesi, grazie alla riduzione del rumore speckle, è stato possibile assumere che il campo di pressione

The goal of this thesis is to analyze the philosophy and pedagogy of an almost forgotten figure in Saskatchewan history, whose work has had a lasting impact on the theory and practice of adult education. Watson Thomson, who was appointed as director of the Adult Education Division (AED) by the newly elected CCF government of Tommy Douglas in 1944, initiated an ambitious program designed to animate the citizenry of Saskatchewan, bring a variety of educational services to the common person, and develop co-operative and community enterprises throughout the province. Thomsons work is significant for a number of reasons. First, I compare and contrast it with the pedagogy of Brazilian educator, Paulo Freire. Second, I show that it was influenced by the humanistic philosophy of Personalism, especially that of Emmanuel Mounier. Third, and perhaps most importantly, Watsons philosophy embodies insights from the depth psychology of Alfred Adler enabling him to advocate a distinctive, dialogical pedagogy. Fourth, his influence as director of the AED was considerable as can be gauged from the fact that within one year of its formation, the division had organized over 500 study-action groups and more than 100 cooperative enterprises. Fifth, Watsons educational achievements are important not only for historical reasons but as a model for the development of social economy enterprises today, as evidence from a recent UNESCO report shows. The thesis uses an interdisciplinary approach of intellectual biography, historical documentation, and philosophical and psychological analysis in order to establish a comprehensive account of the theory and practice of this important figure.