Thermoelectric phenomenon describes the relationship between the flow of heat and electricity. Two main categories encompassed in thermoelectric theory are the Seebeck and Peltier effects. The Seebeck effect is the generation of a voltage in a device that consists of two different materials in the presence of a temperature gradient, while the Peltier effect is the generation of a temperature gradient across a device of two different materials in the presence of an electrical current. This project focuses on the first of these two phenomena, where the Seebeck effect is used in a novel heat flux sensor that is transverse in nature. Transverse thermoelectric devices are characterized by their anisotropy, meaning that a temperature gradient generated across a device will be perpendicular to the flow of electricity through the device. This orthogonal arrangement allows for the manipulation of material properties, device arrangement, and construction methods for device optimization. This project characterizes the heat flux sensing capabilities of an artificially anisotropic transverse thermoelectric device via experimental and theoretical methods. The device tested is constructed out of bismuth telluride and titanium grade 5. Bismuth telluride is a standard thermoelectric material, while the titanium is used because of its high melting point and good electrical conductivity. The device is constructed by alternating rectangular pieces of these two materials. These pieces are bonded together at a given angle to simulate anisotropy. Several devices are constructed in a range of angles from 59 to 88°. These devices are each tested in a vacuum chamber where a heater heats one side of the device. This heat flux into the device creates a temperature gradient across the device and the device generates a voltage perpendicular to this temperature gradient. Steady state data are collected for both the temperature difference between the two sides of the device and the voltage generated by the device. This procedure is repeated on each device for a range of heat fluxes from 0 to 2.6 W/cm². This range generates voltage signals up to 14341 µV for an angle of 59°. Data collected are then used to generate a linear trend line that describes the devices response to a given heat flux. These experimental results are compared to theoretical predictions using thermoelectric theory. The results indicate that the device does exhibit transverse thermoelectric characteristics and the experimental data follow the predicted trends. This thesis documents the process of constructing, testing, and analyzing this device. / Master of Science

Le concept de besoin a-t-il une réelle valeur normative? Si c'est le cas, en quoi consiste-t-elle et d'où provient-elle? Garrett Thomson offre des réponses intéressantes à ces questions en clarifiant le concept de besoin et en dissipant plusieurs idées fausses. Selon lui, le concept de besoin, lorsque bien défini, peut nous permettre à la fois d'expliquer et de justifier certaines actions humaines. Un besoin tire sa valeur explicative du fait qu'il est parfois la source de nos désirs, alors que sa valeur justificative lui vient de son lien étroit avec notre bien-être. Le modèle de Thomson est intéressant, mais il mérite d'être modifié afin, d'une part, de mieux répondre aux critiques relativistes et, d'autre part, de faire l'économie d'une conception douteuse du bien-être. Je propose une légère révision des termes utilisés par Thomson, l'introduction d'une hiérarchie de besoins dans le modèle ainsi qu'une interprétation du bien-être en termes d'états mentaux.

Bakgrund: Hos svenska investerare finns ett ökat intresse för hållbara investeringar, således har även efterfrågan på att mäta bolags hållbarhetsarbete utifrån ESG-kriterier ökat. Forskning om vem, utifrån demografiska och socioekonomiska aspekter, som väljer att investera i aktier med ett ESG-betyg är begränsad. Tidigare forskning har främst studerat hållbart fondsparande genom enkätundersökningar. Syfte: Studien ämnar analysera huruvida skillnader i ESG-snitt i svenska SR- investerares aktieportföljer kan förklaras av demografiska och socioekonomiska skillnader. Därtill ämnar studien identifiera vilken demografisk grupp som har störst preferens för respektive beståndsdel av ESG. Genomförande: Med hjälp av ett unikt data-set genomförs multivariata regressioner, vilket möjliggör en jämförelse av ESG-snitt i aktieportföljer för olika demografiska grupper. Genom frågeställningar diskuteras och jämförs resultaten med tidigare forskning. Slutsats: Studien finner att den svenska SR-investeraren med högst ESG-snitt i aktieportföljen är en äldre kvinna, med låg inkomst och boende i en storstad. Därtill finner studien att medelålders och äldre kvinnor, med låg inkomst samt boende i och utanför en storstad, har störst preferens för respektive beståndsdel av ESG. Därutöver finner studien både likheter och skillnader mellan dessa resultat och tidigare forskning. / Background: Swedish investors have an increased interest in sustainable investments, thus the demand for measuring companies’ sustainability work, based on ESG criteria, has increased. Research on who, based on demographic and socioeconomic aspects, that choose to invest in ESG shares is limited. Previous research has mainly studied sustainable fund savings through surveys. Purpose: The thesis aims to analyze whether differences in ESG mean in the stock portfolios of Swedish SR-investors can be explained by demographic and socioeconomic differences. Furthermore, the thesis aims to identify what demographic group has the highest preference for each sub group of ESG. Completion: Through a unique data set, we perform multivariate regressions, which enables a comparison of ESG means in stock portfolios of different demographic groups. Through research questions, we discuss and compare the results with previous research. Conclusion: The study finds that the Swedish SR-investor with the highest ESG mean in the stock portfolio is most likely an older woman, with low income and living in a larger city. Furthermore, the study finds that middle aged and older women, with low income and living in and outside a larger city, have the highest preference for each sub group of ESG. In addition, the study finds both similarities and differences between these results and previous research.

Diversos indicadores bibliométricos têm sido empregados na avaliação de desempenho de pesquisadores, universidades e países. Indicadores de impacto, calculados a partir das citações recebidas pelos artigos, têm sido objeto de muitos estudos constantes da pesquisa documentária. Dessa maneira, almeja-se apontar possíveis formas de adequação da análise do impacto de revistas brasileiras com vistas ao aprimoramento dos critérios de avaliação de produção científica no Brasil. Objetivos. A pesquisa foi conduzida de acordo com três objetivos: (1) Verificar se o uso exclusivo de indicadores internacionais deixa a política científica brasileira fora do contexto de sua realidade local, e se o acesso às revistas indexadas nas bases do ISI (Thomson Scientific) tem se justificado pelo uso ? o acesso gratuito aos textos completos é oferecido à comunidade científica pela Capes (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). (2) Investigar se a base SciELO pode oferecer indicadores de impacto da produção científica brasileira com vistas ao aprimoramento da avaliação científica nacional. (3) Buscar propor metodologias de indicadores mais adequadas à realidade da ciência brasileira. Metodologia. Foi conduzido um estudo exploratório quantitativo, baseados em características qualitativas e quantitativas de revistas científicas provenientes de três fontes: revistas classificadas pela Avaliação Qualis (triênio 2001/2003), revistas do Portal de Periódicos da Capes e revistas indexadas na base SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library). Uma comparação do impacto nacional e internacional de um conjunto de revistas brasileiras indexadas na base SciELO foi realizada a partir das citações recebidas pelas revistas em cada contexto (base SciELO e as bases do ISI). Uma metodologia de análise de revistas foi apresentada aplicando-se técnicas de análise estatística multivariada a um conjunto de 42 indicadores. Resultados. A análise da Avaliação Qualis mostrou que os critérios definidos favorecem principalmente a publicação em revistas internacionais e fazem uso do Fator de Impacto do ISI. O Impacto Pós-Portal, como foi denominado, indicou um efeito positivo, notado pelo aumento da média de citações recebidas na SciELO, por aproximadamente 70% das revistas da amostra (Ciências da Vida), após o ano de publicação no Portal. A comparação do impacto nacional versus internacional das revistas SciELO mostrou que revistas indexadas também no ISI são citadas com mais freqüência naquela base, além de receberem aproximadamente 72% das citações de revistas ISI de autores estrangeiros e terem os artigos em colaboração (nacional e internacional) mais citados que aqueles em autoria única. Em relação às revistas publicadas somente na SciELO, verificou-se que são citadas em quantidades similares naquela base e nas bases do ISI, recebem 68% das citações de revistas ISI de autores estrangeiros e têm seus artigos de autoria única mais citados, seguidos daqueles em colaboração nacional. A análise multivariada dos indicadores das revistas SciELO permitiu a identificação de diferentes grupos de revistas, discriminados de acordo com as diferentes práticas de comunicação científica. Conclusões. A adequação dos critérios utilizados na avaliação da produção científica nacional pode ser conseguida considerando-se indicadores de impacto mensurados a partir de citações provenientes das revistas nacionais, definindo critérios que valorizem a publicação em revistas nacionais de qualidade reconhecida, o que permitirá a publicação de trabalhos importantes na língua portuguesa, e estimulará o processo de melhoria de qualidade das revistas nacionais. / Many bibliometric indicators have been used to evaluate the scientific performance of researchers, universities and countries. Impact indicators, measured from citations to articles, have been addressed in many studies in the literature. The present study aimed to put forward possible forms of analysis adequacy to Brazilian scientific journals, to improve the scientific production evaluation criteria in the Brazilian framework. Objectives. The research was conducted in agreement with three objectives: (1) To verify if the exclusive use of international indicators leaves the Brazilian scientific policy out of context of its local reality, and if the ISI (Thomson Scientific) indexed journals usage has been justified ? the access of which in full article texts has been offered gratuitous to the scientific community by Capes (Coordination for the Improvement of High Education Personnel). (2) To investigate if SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library)-indexed Brazilian scientific production could provide impact indicators to appropriately contribute to the national science evaluation. (3) To find more indicators and new methodologies for science assessment in the context of the Brazilian science reality. Methodology. An exploratory quantitative study was conducted, based on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of scientific journals from three sources: journals classified by Qualis Assessment (years 2001/2002/2003), journals of the ?Portal de Periódicos da Capes? and SciELO journals. A comparison between the national and international impact of a set of Brazilian SciELO journals was conducted based on citations received from journals in each database (SciELO and ISI). A methodology of journal analysis was presented applying the multivariate statistical analysis technique to a set of 42 indicators. Results. The analysis of Qualis Assessment showed that the defined criteria favor mainly the publications in international journals by using ISI Impact Factor. The comparison of the annual average of citations received in SciELO by a sample of journals, before and after the availability in it, showed a positive effect, noticed by an increase to 70% of the journals (Life Sciences). The comparison of the national impact versus international impact of SciELO journals showed that those indexed also on ISI are cited more frequently; in the whole sample, SciELO journals received approximately 72% of ISI?s citations from international authors; had the articles in collaboration (national and international) cited more often than those with single authorship. It was noticed that journals indexed only in SciELO, are cited in similar numbers in both databases; received 68% of ISI?s citations from international authors and have articles with single authorship cited more frequently, followed by those with national collaboration. The multivariate analysis of SciELO journals indicators allowed the identification of different groups of journals, separated according to different practices of scientific communication. Conclusions. The criteria adequacy used in the evaluation of the national scientific production can be met considering impact indicators measured by citations on national journals. Criteria should be defined that value the publication in national journals with renown quality. This will allow the publication of important articles in Portuguese, and will encourage the process of national journals quality improvement.

Durch die Fokussierung eines ultrakurzen und hochintensiven Laserpulses auf ein Festkörpertarget können Pulse von Protonen und anderen positiv geladenen Ionen mit Teilchenenergien von einigen MeV pro Nukleon erzeugt werden. Die Charakterisierung dieser Teilchenstrahlung erfordert die Identifizierung der Ionenspezies und die Bestimmung ihrer spektralen Verteilung möglichst nach jedem Puls. Im Rahmen dieser Diplomarbeit wurden zwei Spektrometer entwickelt und am DRACO-Lasersystem des Forschungszentrums Dresden implementiert. Neben der Inbetriebnahme eines Thomson-Spektrometers mit einer Mikrokanalplatte und einem Fluoreszenzschirm als Auslese erfolgte die Entwicklung eines Flugzeitspektrometers. Die Verwendung einer Mikrokanalplatte mit nur 180ps Anstiegszeit als Signalverstärker sorgt darin für eine verbesserte Energieauflösung und einen flexibleren Einsatz im Experimentierbetrieb. Ein dem Flugzeitsignal überlagertes Störsignal, welches durch die Einstreuungen eines elektromagnetischen Impulses in den Aufbau verursacht wurde, konnte erfolgreich durch die Anwendung verschiedener Filter unterdrückt werden. Als Ergebnis dieser Arbeit steht eine anwendungsbereite Diagnostik für laserbeschleunigte Protonen und Ionen zur Verfügung. / By focusing an ultra-short high-intensity laser pulse on a solid target, pulses of protons and other positive charged ions with energies of several MeV per nucleon are generated. It is necessary to identify the species of those particles and obtain their energy spectra in a single-shot regime. Within this diploma thesis two spectrometers have been developed and implemented in the DRACO-laboratory of the Forschungszentrum Dresden. Besides a Thomson spectrometer with read-out via microchannel plate and phosphor screen, a time-of-flight spectrometer was developed. The usage of a microchannel plate with 180ps rise time as a signal amplifier leads therein to a better energy resolution and a more flexible handling in experimental operation. A noise signal generated by stray pick-up of an electromagnetic pulse and superimposing the time-of-flight signal was considerably reduced by the application of different filters. As a result of this work a ready-to-use diagnostic for laser accelerated protons and ions is available.

[pt] Este trabalho apresenta um novo modelo térmico analítico que acopla poço e reservatório, constituído por um sistema combinado de reservatório, revestimento e coluna de produção. As soluções analíticas consideram fluxo monofásico de fluido pouco compressível em um reservatório homogêneo e infinito e fornecem dados transitórios de temperatura e pressão ao longo do poço para testes de fluxo e de crescimento de pressão, considerando efeitos Joule-Thomson, de expansão adiabática, de condução e convecção. A massa específica do fluido é modelada como função da temperatura e a solução analítica faz uso da transformada de Laplace para resolver a equação diferencial de fluxo de calor transiente, assumindo o termo aT⁄az totalmente transiente. Com relação à análise de transientes de pressão (PTA), dados de pressão impactados por variações térmicas podem levar à interpretação de falsas heterogeneidades geológicas, pois a perda de calor durante a estática proporciona um aumento da pressão exercida pela coluna de fluido, devido ao incremento de sua massa específica, além de uma contração da coluna de produção, provocando uma mudança na posição do registrador. Esses efeitos podem fazer com que um reservatório homogêneo seja erroneamente interpretado como um reservatório de dupla porosidade, resultando em conclusões inválidas para a modelagem geológica. Os resultados deste trabalho são comparados com a resposta de um simulador comercial não-isotérmico e impactos nas interpretações são extensivamente investigados. Adicionalmente, um estudo de caso de campo é fornecido para validar as soluções analíticas propostas. Comparado à Literatura, o modelo proposto fornece perfis transientes de temperatura mais acurados. / [en] This work presents a new coupled transient-wellbore/reservoir thermal analytical model, consisting of a reservoir/casing/tubing combined system. The analytical solutions consider flow of a slightly compressible, single-phase fluid in a homogeneous infinite-acting reservoir system and provide temperature- and pressure-transient data for drawdown and buildup tests at any gauge location along the wellbore, accounting for Joule-Thomson, adiabatic fluid-expansion, conduction and convection effects. The wellbore fluid mass density is modeled as a function of temperature and the analytical solution makes use of the Laplace transformation to solve the transient heat-flow differential equation, accounting for a rigorous transient wellbore-temperature gradient aT⁄az. Regarding pressure transient analysis (PTA), thermal impacted pressure data may lead to the interpretation of false geological heterogeneities, since the heat loss during the buildup period provides an increase in the pressure exerted by the wellbore-fluid column, due to an increase in the oil mass density, and a change in tubing length, consequently causing a change in the gauge location. These effects can make a homogeneous reservoir be wrongly interpreted as a double-porosity reservoir, yielding invalid conclusions to geological modeling. Results are compared to the response of a commercial non-isothermal simulator and thermal impacts on PTA interpretations are thoroughly investigated. In addition, a field case study is also provided to verify the proposed analytical solutions. The proposed model provides more accurate transient temperature flow profiles along the wellbore when compared to previous models in Literature.

Diversos indicadores bibliométricos têm sido empregados na avaliação de desempenho de pesquisadores, universidades e países. Indicadores de impacto, calculados a partir das citações recebidas pelos artigos, têm sido objeto de muitos estudos constantes da pesquisa documentária. Dessa maneira, almeja-se apontar possíveis formas de adequação da análise do impacto de revistas brasileiras com vistas ao aprimoramento dos critérios de avaliação de produção científica no Brasil. Objetivos. A pesquisa foi conduzida de acordo com três objetivos: (1) Verificar se o uso exclusivo de indicadores internacionais deixa a política científica brasileira fora do contexto de sua realidade local, e se o acesso às revistas indexadas nas bases do ISI (Thomson Scientific) tem se justificado pelo uso ? o acesso gratuito aos textos completos é oferecido à comunidade científica pela Capes (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). (2) Investigar se a base SciELO pode oferecer indicadores de impacto da produção científica brasileira com vistas ao aprimoramento da avaliação científica nacional. (3) Buscar propor metodologias de indicadores mais adequadas à realidade da ciência brasileira. Metodologia. Foi conduzido um estudo exploratório quantitativo, baseados em características qualitativas e quantitativas de revistas científicas provenientes de três fontes: revistas classificadas pela Avaliação Qualis (triênio 2001/2003), revistas do Portal de Periódicos da Capes e revistas indexadas na base SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library). Uma comparação do impacto nacional e internacional de um conjunto de revistas brasileiras indexadas na base SciELO foi realizada a partir das citações recebidas pelas revistas em cada contexto (base SciELO e as bases do ISI). Uma metodologia de análise de revistas foi apresentada aplicando-se técnicas de análise estatística multivariada a um conjunto de 42 indicadores. Resultados. A análise da Avaliação Qualis mostrou que os critérios definidos favorecem principalmente a publicação em revistas internacionais e fazem uso do Fator de Impacto do ISI. O Impacto Pós-Portal, como foi denominado, indicou um efeito positivo, notado pelo aumento da média de citações recebidas na SciELO, por aproximadamente 70% das revistas da amostra (Ciências da Vida), após o ano de publicação no Portal. A comparação do impacto nacional versus internacional das revistas SciELO mostrou que revistas indexadas também no ISI são citadas com mais freqüência naquela base, além de receberem aproximadamente 72% das citações de revistas ISI de autores estrangeiros e terem os artigos em colaboração (nacional e internacional) mais citados que aqueles em autoria única. Em relação às revistas publicadas somente na SciELO, verificou-se que são citadas em quantidades similares naquela base e nas bases do ISI, recebem 68% das citações de revistas ISI de autores estrangeiros e têm seus artigos de autoria única mais citados, seguidos daqueles em colaboração nacional. A análise multivariada dos indicadores das revistas SciELO permitiu a identificação de diferentes grupos de revistas, discriminados de acordo com as diferentes práticas de comunicação científica. Conclusões. A adequação dos critérios utilizados na avaliação da produção científica nacional pode ser conseguida considerando-se indicadores de impacto mensurados a partir de citações provenientes das revistas nacionais, definindo critérios que valorizem a publicação em revistas nacionais de qualidade reconhecida, o que permitirá a publicação de trabalhos importantes na língua portuguesa, e estimulará o processo de melhoria de qualidade das revistas nacionais. / Many bibliometric indicators have been used to evaluate the scientific performance of researchers, universities and countries. Impact indicators, measured from citations to articles, have been addressed in many studies in the literature. The present study aimed to put forward possible forms of analysis adequacy to Brazilian scientific journals, to improve the scientific production evaluation criteria in the Brazilian framework. Objectives. The research was conducted in agreement with three objectives: (1) To verify if the exclusive use of international indicators leaves the Brazilian scientific policy out of context of its local reality, and if the ISI (Thomson Scientific) indexed journals usage has been justified ? the access of which in full article texts has been offered gratuitous to the scientific community by Capes (Coordination for the Improvement of High Education Personnel). (2) To investigate if SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library)-indexed Brazilian scientific production could provide impact indicators to appropriately contribute to the national science evaluation. (3) To find more indicators and new methodologies for science assessment in the context of the Brazilian science reality. Methodology. An exploratory quantitative study was conducted, based on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of scientific journals from three sources: journals classified by Qualis Assessment (years 2001/2002/2003), journals of the ?Portal de Periódicos da Capes? and SciELO journals. A comparison between the national and international impact of a set of Brazilian SciELO journals was conducted based on citations received from journals in each database (SciELO and ISI). A methodology of journal analysis was presented applying the multivariate statistical analysis technique to a set of 42 indicators. Results. The analysis of Qualis Assessment showed that the defined criteria favor mainly the publications in international journals by using ISI Impact Factor. The comparison of the annual average of citations received in SciELO by a sample of journals, before and after the availability in it, showed a positive effect, noticed by an increase to 70% of the journals (Life Sciences). The comparison of the national impact versus international impact of SciELO journals showed that those indexed also on ISI are cited more frequently; in the whole sample, SciELO journals received approximately 72% of ISI?s citations from international authors; had the articles in collaboration (national and international) cited more often than those with single authorship. It was noticed that journals indexed only in SciELO, are cited in similar numbers in both databases; received 68% of ISI?s citations from international authors and have articles with single authorship cited more frequently, followed by those with national collaboration. The multivariate analysis of SciELO journals indicators allowed the identification of different groups of journals, separated according to different practices of scientific communication. Conclusions. The criteria adequacy used in the evaluation of the national scientific production can be met considering impact indicators measured by citations on national journals. Criteria should be defined that value the publication in national journals with renown quality. This will allow the publication of important articles in Portuguese, and will encourage the process of national journals quality improvement.

Les plasmas induits par laser (PIL) ont depuis leurs apparitions dans les années soixante suscité un très grand intérêt notamment comme source de données spectroscopiques. Ils ont également acquis des nombreuses applications, comme sources des rayons X pour la lithographie, l’allumage plasma, la déposition par laser pulsé, ou sont devenues la base d’une technique d’analyse très populaire – la LIBS (laser induced breakdown spectroscopy). Cette dernière peut s’appliquer in situe à tout type d’échantillon et sans préparation. Toutefois, les mesures faites par cette méthode sont latéralement intégrées nécessitant des techniques d’inversion, mais dépendent également des conditions d’équilibre thermodynamiques local (ETL) dans le plasma. Afin de valider les mesures effectuées par LIBS, la diffusion Thomson qui est une méthode spatialement résolue et indépendante des hypothèses d’équilibre thermodynamique a été appliquée pour caractériser les PIL. Des plasmas d’ablation et de claquage ont donc été caractérisés à la fois par spectroscopie d’émission et par diffusion Thomson. La comparaison des paramètres température et densité électronique obtenues par les deux méthodes d’une part, et le critère de McWhirter ainsi que les temps de relaxation et les longueurs de diffusions des espèces contenues dans le plasma d’autre part, ont permis de statuer sur l’ETL. / Laser induced plasma (LIP) which was first reported in the beginning of sixties, has achieved a great interest as a source of spectroscopic data. It has also many applications like X-ray sources for lithography, plasma igniters, pulsed laser deposition or it has become a basis of a very popular analytical technique – LIBS (laser induced breakdown spectroscopy). The latter is mainly due to its applicability to different kinds of samples, no sample preparation or in-situ and remote sensing capability. However, LIBS measurements are laterally integrated and Abel inversion must be performed. Also the method assumes the plasma to be in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). In order to validate LIBS measurements, Thomson scattering (TS) method which is spatially resolved and free from equilibrium assumption was applied. Thus, ablation and breakdown plasmas were characterized by both two methods. Comparison between plasma parameters (temperature and electron density) obtained by the two methods and McWhirter criterion as well as relaxation times and diffusion lengths of species in the plasma allowed to estimate LTE.

This dissertation focuses on the political verse and journalism by the Scottish Gaelic poet, scholar, publisher, and activist Derick Thomson (Ruaraidh MacThòmais, 1921-2012). The chosen set of themes can be broadly described as "political issues", although Thomson should not be regarded only as a political poet in the narrow sense of a propagandist, nor does his political poetry deal with elections and campaigns. The political aspect of his poetry is much broader, including concerns with language and power. Politics also represent the connection between Thomson's multiple activities, and therefore a suitable framework in which to explore them. So far, the prevailing paradigm for studying Thomson's works has been the poetry of place, a concept deeply rooted in the Gaelic tradition, and both popular and critical attention was paid especially to his Lewis poems and, to a less extend, his writing about Glasgow. This dissertation strives to provide answers to the following questions: Which political issues can be traced in Thomson's poetry? What were his main concerns? How does he handle politics in his verse? Are there poems where a political interpretation might be constructed, but that also allow other ways of reading? What were Thomson's actual political convictions, as far as we can reconstruct...

Durch die Fokussierung eines ultrakurzen und hochintensiven Laserpulses auf ein Festkörpertarget können Pulse von Protonen und anderen positiv geladenen Ionen mit Teilchenenergien von einigen MeV pro Nukleon erzeugt werden. Die Charakterisierung dieser Teilchenstrahlung erfordert die Identifizierung der Ionenspezies und die Bestimmung ihrer spektralen Verteilung möglichst nach jedem Puls. Im Rahmen dieser Diplomarbeit wurden zwei Spektrometer entwickelt und am DRACO-Lasersystem des Forschungszentrums Dresden implementiert. Neben der Inbetriebnahme eines Thomson-Spektrometers mit einer Mikrokanalplatte und einem Fluoreszenzschirm als Auslese erfolgte die Entwicklung eines Flugzeitspektrometers. Die Verwendung einer Mikrokanalplatte mit nur 180ps Anstiegszeit als Signalverstärker sorgt darin für eine verbesserte Energieauflösung und einen flexibleren Einsatz im Experimentierbetrieb. Ein dem Flugzeitsignal überlagertes Störsignal, welches durch die Einstreuungen eines elektromagnetischen Impulses in den Aufbau verursacht wurde, konnte erfolgreich durch die Anwendung verschiedener Filter unterdrückt werden. Als Ergebnis dieser Arbeit steht eine anwendungsbereite Diagnostik für laserbeschleunigte Protonen und Ionen zur Verfügung. / By focusing an ultra-short high-intensity laser pulse on a solid target, pulses of protons and other positive charged ions with energies of several MeV per nucleon are generated. It is necessary to identify the species of those particles and obtain their energy spectra in a single-shot regime. Within this diploma thesis two spectrometers have been developed and implemented in the DRACO-laboratory of the Forschungszentrum Dresden. Besides a Thomson spectrometer with read-out via microchannel plate and phosphor screen, a time-of-flight spectrometer was developed. The usage of a microchannel plate with 180ps rise time as a signal amplifier leads therein to a better energy resolution and a more flexible handling in experimental operation. A noise signal generated by stray pick-up of an electromagnetic pulse and superimposing the time-of-flight signal was considerably reduced by the application of different filters. As a result of this work a ready-to-use diagnostic for laser accelerated protons and ions is available.