Finite Element Analysis on Planetary Three-Roll Rolling Advisor Prof.: Y. M. Hwang Student: F. H. Tsai ABSTRACT This paper used three-dimensional finite element code---Deform to analyze the plastic deformation behavior of material at the rolling-gap during planetary 3-roll rolling of rods or bars. The rigid-plastic model was used. The rolls are assumed to be rigid body and the change of temperature during rolling is ignored. The first part was used Deform to simulate the manufactured bars in factory. We analyzed the rolling force, torque and the shape after deformation. These results can offer knowledge for the design of actual rolling mill or pass schedule of the 3-roll rolling processes. The second part was compared with FEM and experiment. The simulation was made with the roll size and shape of a mini-type 3-roll rolling mill. We analyzed the rolling force, torque and the depth of spirals with different inclined angle, offset angle, roll shape and reduction.

On Mothodological Approach to Philosophical System of Sunology Abstract A Study on the Methodology of the Philosophical System of Sunology The focus of this doctoral dissertation is primarily predicated upon my attempt to explore the philosophical system of Sunology or Dr. Sun Yat-sen¡¦s works and the related mode and value of the methodology. As a consequence of this effort, this author suggests a common foundation of research and dialogue as a model for human epistemology. With this foundation in mind, the main dimensions of Sunology has been explored: (1) Regarding the philosophical system, the method of content analysis in social sciences has been applied, yielding its peculiar characteristics and mode; (2) Regarding its logical structure, the axiomatic method has been employed so as to testify that Dr. Sun¡¦s logical structure is well integrated; (3) Regarding Dr. Sun¡¦s operational dimension, the mode of interdisciplinary integration has been used, so as to clarify his operational conversion; and (4) Regarding Sunology¡¦s consistency in its logic, an attempt has been made to explore its methodology, so as to find out its form and value and, at the same time, the kind of method and approach to materialize an ideal. From the study, one should realize that mankind ought to seriously weigh the value of any given theoretical and philosophical systems in the past and fully appreciate its latent significance and validity. As a next step, one should try to put it into practice. Subsequently, an attainable framework should be constructed, so as to fulfill the projected undertaking. However, we should understand that the approach and method should not be just limited to this. At the same time, it should be noted that our framework argues that knowledge has a holistic structure which can be mutually continuous. Philosophical systems are interrelated. When analyzing any change in the relationship and its development, it is necessary to clarify the structure and operation aspects of the two. Only having done that, can we enhance the clarification and systematization of thinking. And only then, can we handle humankind and nature¡¦s mutual movement. Unless this is done, it is not possible for us to have an original look at human thinking and knowledge construction. In this connection, it should be noted that each discipline has its background and knowledge. Based on this, can we develop pervasive and automatic mode of knowledge. After that, can we have the ability to be creative. As a result, human knowledge and culture can continue its integrative process and be progressive.

ABSTRACT Village renewal refers to the process in which the existing living space and environmental conditions that have traditional value and characteristics, under the consideration of natural and humanistic resources, are bonded with social changes. It is a comprehensive, local, and perennial mission that involves both the public and the private sectors. For a long time Taiwan has witnessed an imbalance between cities and rural areas: the development of cities at the cost of villages, from which serious problems have sprouted. It is not justifiable to let cities grow to be more crowded and noisy and, at the same time, let villages become desolate and deserted. For this reason, in 1987 on behalf of the government, the Executive Yuan Council of Agriculture commissioned the Bureau of Land Administration of the Taiwan Provincial Government to implement renewal plan for farming and fishing villages. Some remote, out-of-shape communities were selected as the sites to undergo village renewal programs for almost ten years. This study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of this overall project exemplary plan, what difficulties were encountered in the implementation. The scope of the study included the 19 areas where the Bureau of Land Administration of the Taiwan Provincial Government completed the implementation of the renewal plan for farming and fishing villages. The subjects of this study primarily consisted of local government officials and village chiefs. The research methods included theoretical investigation, construction of problems, pragmatic research and or ganization and analysis of secondary data. With respect to effectiveness, three aspects regarding farming and fishing communities were studied, namely economic aspect, social aspect and environmental aspect each of which consists of 10 sub-items. The questionnaire survey method was adopted, and the Likert-Type Five-Point scale designed by American scholar Likert was used to enquire the degree of identity for each question, and then discussion was conducted and suggestions were proposed, after considering the execution aspect. The study has resulted in the findings: with respect to the effectiveness of farming and fishing village renewal plan implemented by the Taiwan province, the social aspect has achieved the highest effectiveness, followed by the environmental aspect, with the economic aspect achieving the lowest effectiveness. Furthermore, in the economic aspect, ¡§increasing community employment¡¨ and ¡§increasing the income for villagers¡¨ achieved the lowest effectiveness.

This paper is divided into two parts, experiments and finite element simulations. In experiments, the effects of various rolling conditions such as roll rotational speed, reduction, upon entrance and exit axial velocities, entrance and exit rotational speeds, twisting angle of rolled products are investigated. Experiments with roll rotation and planetary rotation are carried out to check the validity of the results obtained by roll rotation only. In finite element simulations, DEFORM 3D is used to simulate planetary three-roll rolling. The rolling torque, the distance between spirals, and the shape are analyzed, and the analytical results are compared with experimental results.

Considering measurable evidence and fuzzy measures that involve linguistic terms, this thesis proposes a fuzzy-number based Choquet integral to aggregate linguistic information when information fusion between criteria is considered. The proposed fuzzy-number based Choquet integral is a generalization of a standard Choquet integral that can cope with interval-number or fuzzy-number types of measurable evidence and fuzzy measures. Furthermore, by investigating the related characteristics of the Choquet integral and the fuzzy-number based Choquet integral, the operation process of the fuzzy-number based Choquet integral is clarified in this thesis. Combining linguistic terms and the compatibility of psychology, fuzzy numbers and the fuzzy-number based Choquet integral, when information fusion between criteria is considered, are introduced into evaluating service quality and aggregating information in three-column format of SERVQUAL. Finally, a numerical example, regarding the comparison of overall service performance between e-stores, is demonstrated to illustrate how the fuzzy-number based Choquet integral and its two-stage aggregation process operate in three-column format of SERVQUAL for evaluating service quality.

Following the model developed by Easley, Kiefer, O¡¦Hara and Paperman (1996), I estimated the probability of informed trading (PI) in the TSEC. The result in my study is that the probability of informed trading is highly related with the trading volume of each stock. More active stocks will have lower probability of informed trading, so investors trading with active stocks will face less information asymmetry. Feather more, my research followed the study of Easley, Hvidkjaer, and O¡¦Hara (2002), who used the Fama-French asset pricing model(1992) discussing the relationship among stock return, portfolioed market risk, size and BE/ME ratio. The result in my study is that the stock return in TSEC is affected by portfolioed market risk and size, but PI and BE/ME ratio have no effect to stock return. The result is different from the study of Easley, Hvidkjaer, and O¡¦Hara (2002). The reason could be that most investors in TSEC are individuals who lack the awareness about information asymmetry.

A mechanistic kinetic model for the hydrocracking of paraffins based on the single-event kinetics approach has been studied. Several elements of the model have been improved and the parameters of the model have been estimated from experimental data on n-hexadecane hydrocracking. A detailed reaction network of elementary steps has been generated based on the carbenium ion chemistry using the Boolean relation matrices. A total of 49,636 elementary steps are involved in the hydrocracking of n-hexadecane. The rate coefficients of these elementary steps are expressed in terms of a limited number of single event rate coefficients. By virtue of the single event concept, the single event rate coefficients of a given type of elementary steps are independent of the structure of reactant and product. Given their fundamental nature they are also independent of the feedstock composition and the reactor configuration. There is no lumping of components involved in the generation of the reaction network. Partial lumping is introduced only at a later stage of the model development and the lumping is strictly based on the criterion that the individual components in any lump will be in thermodynamic equilibrium. This definition of lumping requires a total of 49 pure components/lumps in the kinetic model for the hydrocracking of n-hexadecane. The "global" rate of reaction of a lump to another lump is expressed using lumping coefficients which account for the transformation of all the components of one lump into the components of another lump through to a given type of elementary steps. The rate expressions thus formulated are inserted into a one-dimensional, three-phase plug flow reactor model. Experimental data have been collected for the hydrocracking of n-hexadecane. The model parameters are estimated by constrained optimization using sequential quadratic programming by minimizing the sum of squares of residuals between experimental and model predicted product profiles. The optimized parameters are finally used for the reactor simulation to study the effect of different process variables on the conversion and product distribution of n-hexadecane hydrocracking. The model is also used to predict the product distribution for the hydrocracking of a heavy paraffinic mixture consisting of C9 to C33 normal paraffins.

Coupling between the electric field, magnetic field, and strain of composite materials is achieved when electro-elastic (piezoelectric) and magneto-elastic (piezomagnetic) particles are joined by an elastic matrix. Although the matrix is neither piezoelectric nor piezomagnetic, the strain field in the matrix couples the E field of the piezoelectric phase to the B field of the piezomagnetic phase. This three-phase electro-magneto-elastic composite should have greater ductility and formability than a two-phase composite in which E and B are coupled by directly bonding two ceramic materials with no compliant matrix. A finite element analysis and homogenization of a representative volume element is performed to determine the effective electric, magnetic, mechanical, and coupled-field properties of an elastic (epoxy) matrix reinforced with piezoelectric and piezomagnetic fibers as functions of the phase volume fractions, the fiber (or particle) shapes, the fiber arrangements in the unit cell, and the fiber material properties with special emphasis on the symmetry properties of the fibers and the poling directions of the piezoelectric and piezomagnetic fibers. The effective magnetoelectric moduli of this three-phase composite are, however, less than the effective magnetoelectric coefficients of a two-phase piezoelectric/piezomagnetic composite, because the epoxy matrix is not stiff enough to transfer significant strains between the piezomagnetic and piezoelectric fibers.

The purpose of this project is to design a computer program to help children understand a strategy for changing vantage points within an imagined space and gain knowledge of how spatial transformations work. The developed software, called Viewpoints, presents a virtual three-dimensional environment to be explored and modified by the user. Object and camera manipulations are illustrated through animation. Furthermore, the program was designed to have an intuitive interface and be easy to access. This should allow the software’s target audience of children to focus on the spatial orientation and spatial visualization aspects. A small study evaluated the software in terms of content, instructional design, technical quality, student use, and instructor use. The study provided valuable feedback on how to improve Viewpoints in the future. Information gathered suggests the issue of speed should be addressed and supplemental materials should be added.

Smart materials have been widely used for control actuation. A robotic hand can be equipped with artificial tendons and sensors for the operation of its various joints mimicking human-hand motions. The motors in the robotic hand could be replaced with novel electroactive-polymer (EAP) actuators. In the three-finger gripper proposed in this paper, each finger can be actuated individually so that dexterous handling is possible, allowing precise manipulation. In this dissertation, a microscale position-control system using a novel EAP is presented. A third-order model was developed based on the system identification of the EAP actuator with an AutoRegresive Moving Average with eXogenous input (ARMAX) method using a chirp signal input from 0.01 Hz to 1 Hz limited to 7 ± V. With the developed plant model, a digital PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller was designed with an integrator anti-windup scheme. Test results on macro (0.8-mm) and micro (50-μm) step responses of the EAP actuator are provided in this dissertation and its position tracking capability is demonstrated. The overshoot decreased from 79.7% to 37.1%, and the control effort decreased by 16.3%. The settling time decreased from 1.79 s to 1.61 s. The controller with the anti-windup scheme effectively reduced the degradation in the system performance due to actuator saturation. EAP microgrippers based on the control scheme presented in this paper will have significant applications including picking-and-placing micro-sized objects or as medical instruments. To develop model-based control laws, we introduced an approximated linear model that represents the electromechanical behavior of the gripper fingers. Several chirp voltage signal inputs were applied to excite the IPMC (ionic polymer metal composite) fingers in the interesting frequency range of [0.01 Hz, 5 Hz] for 40 s at a sampling frequency of 250 Hz. The approximated linear Box-Jenkins (BJ) model was well matched with the model obtained using a stochastic power-spectral method. With feedback control, the large overshoot, rise time, and settling time associated with the inherent material properties were reduced. The motions of the IPMC fingers in the microgripper were coordinated to pick, move, and release a macro- or micro-part. The precise manipulation of this three-finger gripper was successfully demonstrated with experimental closed-loop responses.