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Kilowatt Three-phase Rotary Transformer Design for Permanent Magnet DC Motor with On-rotor Drive SystemXu, Ye January 2016 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to design a kilowatt three-phase step-down rotary transformer for a permanent magnet DC motor. The permanent magnet DC motor has an on-rotor drive system, and therefore requiring a power supply that can transfer power to its drive unit without mechanical contact. The rotary transformer has a detached magnetic coupling structure that qualifies it as a potential method for the wireless power transfer. This thesis studies the rotary transformer as a static device, focusing on its core loss. By using a transient finite element analysis of COMSOL Multiphysics and an iron loss prediction model, the rotary transformer was optimized in terms of efficiency and power density for the on-rotor drive system through proper material selection and geometry exploration. After this, a mechanical design, which based on a literature review of the influences of manufacturing processes on electrical steels, was proposed for realizing the core fabrication and the rotary transformer assembly. The results show that the rotary transformer can step down 400 V/50 Hz three-phase voltage to 13.15V in a Delta-wye connection and output 1.17kW power over an air-gap of 0.3mm with 95.94% overall efficiency. The proposed mechanical design enables the transformer to minimize the core loss and the manufacturing cost. Without using resonant inductive coupling, this transformer design simplifies the power supply for the motor, thereby decreasing the motor manufacturing and maintenance cost.
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AVERAGE-VALUE MODELING OF HYSTERESIS CURRENT CONTROL IN POWER ELECTRONICSChen, Hanling 01 January 2015 (has links)
Hysteresis current control has been widely used in power electronics with the advantages of fast dynamic response under parameter, line and load variation and ensured stability. However, a main disadvantage of hysteresis current control is the uncertain and varying switching frequency which makes it difficult to form an average-value model. The changing switching frequency and unspecified switching duty cycle make conventional average-value models based on PWM control difficult to apply directly to converters that are controlled by hysteresis current control.
In this work, a new method for average-value modeling of hysteresis current control in boost converters, three-phase inverters, and brushless dc motor drives is proposed. It incorporates a slew-rate limitation on the inductor current that occurs naturally in the circuit during large system transients. This new method is compared with existing methods in terms of simulation run time and rms error. The performance is evaluated based on a variety of scenarios, and the simulation results are compared with the results of detailed models. The simulation results show that the proposed model represents the detailed model well and is faster and more accurate than existing methods. The slew-rate limitation model of hysteresis current control accurately captures the salient detail of converter performance while maintaining the computational efficiency of average-value models. Validations in hardware are also presented.
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Asinchroninių variklių su sinusinėmis trifazėmis apvijomis tyrimas / Research of Asynchronous Electric Motors With Sinusoidal WindingsGirdvainis, Voldemaras 18 June 2010 (has links)
Darbe įvertintos aštuonių tipų trifazių asinchroninių variklių statoriaus apvijų elektromagnetinės savybės, atlikus jų kuriamų sukamųjų magnetovarų harmonines analizes ir pagal jų rezultatus apskaičiavus elektromagnetinio efektyvumo koeficientus. Gauta, kad geriausius elektromagnetinius parametrus turi didžiausio vidutinio ir sutrumpinto žingsnio sinusinės trifazės apvijos su optimizuota sukamąja magnetovara. Eksperimentiškai išnagrinėtas gamyklinis trifazis asinchroninis 1,5 kW galios variklis su viensluoksne formine ir tas pats pervyniotas variklis su sinusine statoriaus apvija. Gamyklinio asinchroninio variklio su viensluoksne formine apvija ir pervynioto variklio su sinusine trifaze apvija visi energetiniai rodikliai apskaičiuoti atlikus jų tuščiosios veikos ir apkrovos bandymus bei panaudojus atskirų galios nuostolių metodą. Gauta, kad pervynioto asinchroninio variklio su sinusine trifaze apvija prie nurodytosios apkrovos statoriaus apvijos fazinė srovė sumažėjo 8,2 %, imama iš tinklo galia sumažėjo 5,3 %, galios nuostoliai sumažėjo 10,4 %, naudingumo koeficientas padidėjo 1,9 % ir galios koeficientas padidėjo 3,4 %, lyginant su gamyklinio asinchroninio variklio, esant tai pačiai apkrovai, atitinkamais energetiniais rodikliais. Nustatyta, kad asinchroninis variklis, turintis trifazę apviją su didesniu elektromagnetinio efektyvumo koeficientu, turi ir geresnius energetinius rodiklius. / The paper assesses the electromagnetic properties of stator winding of eight types of three-phase asynchronous motors, by performing harmonic analyses of the rotary magnetomotive forces they generate and using these results to calculate the electromagnetic efficiency coefficients. It was established that the best electromagnetic parameters are those of the sinus tri-phase winding with the largest medium and shortened step with optimised rotary magnetomotive force. Experimental analysis of a factory-made three-phase asynchronous 1,5 kW motor with a single layer form winding and the same rewound motor with sinus stator winding was performed. All energetic indicators of the factory-made asynchronous motor with a single layer form winding and the rewound motor with sinus three-phase winding were calculated after performing their no-load and load testing, and using the method of separate power loss. It was established that the phase current of the stator winding of the rewound asynchronous motor with a sinus three-phase winding, deceased by 8,2 percent at the indicated load, the power from the mains decreased by 5,3 percent, the power loss decreased by 10,4 percent, the efficiency coefficient increased by 1,9 percent and the power coefficient increased by 3,4 percent as compared to the respective indicators of the factory-made asynchronous motor at the same load. It was established that the asynchronous motor which has the three-phase winding with the larger electromagnetic... [to full text]
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Magnetizing Currents in Power Transformers : Measurements, Simulations, and Diagnostic MethodsCarrander, Claes January 2017 (has links)
This thesis demonstrates a method for transformer core diagnostics. The method uses the no-load current of the transformer as an indicator, and gives different characteristic signatures for different types of faults or defects. Using the no-load current for the diagnostic gives high sensitivity. The method is therefore able to detect defects that are too small to have an impact on the losses. In addition to different types of fault, the method can in some cases also distinguish between faults in different locations within the core. Both single-phase and three-phase transformers can be diagnosed using this method, and the measurements can be easily performed at any facility capable of measuring the no-load loss. There are, however, some phenomena that occur in large transformers, and in transformers with high rated voltages. Examples include capacitive resonance and magnetic remanence. This thesis proposes and demonstrates techniques for compensating for these phenomena. With these compensating techniques, the repeatability of the measurements is high. It is shown that units with the same core steel tend to have very similar no-load behavior. The diagnostics can then be performed either by comparing the transformer to another unit, or to simulations. The thesis presents one possible simulation method, and demonstrates the agreement with measurements. This topological simulation method includes both the electric circuit and an accurate model of the magnetic hysteresis. It is therefore also suitable for other, related, studies in addition to core diagnostics. Possible subjects include ferroresonance, inrush, DC magnetization of transformers, and transformer core optimization. The thesis also demonstrates that, for three-phase transformers, it is possible to compare the phases to each other. This technique makes it possible to diagnose a transformer even without a previous measurement to compare to, and without the data required to make a simulation. / <p>QC 20170607</p>
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Razvoj naprednog upravljanja pogonom sa šestofaznim asimetričnim asinhronim motorom / The development of advanced control algorithms for dual three-phaseinduction machines drivesMilićević Dragan 04 April 2014 (has links)
<p>U tezi je prikazana analiza pogona sa šestofaznom asimetričnom<br />asinhronom mašinom koja se napaja iz šestofaznog invertora.<br />Predložen je novi način upravljanja šestofaznim invertorom kojim<br />su rešeni nedostaci do sada predloženih tehnika upravljanja a koji<br />se pre svega ispoljavaju kroz dva aspekta: nekontrolisano generisanje<br />dodatnih gubitaka i teška implementacija u komercijalno dostupne<br />digitalne kontrolere. Rezultati svih teorijskih analiza i navoda su<br />dokazani računarskim simulacijama i eksperimentalnim putem.<br />Eksperimentalna verifikacija je ostvarena korištenjem<br />laboratorijskog prototipa koji se temelji na dSPACE kontrolnom<br />sistemu.</p> / <p>Doctoral thesis shows the analysis of the dual three-phase induction machine<br />drive. A novel way of driving of the six-phase inverter is proposed. A<br />proposed method solves disadvantages of currently proposed driving<br />techniques which are manifested in two aspects: the uncontrolled generation<br />of additional losses and difficult implementation in commercially available<br />digital controllers. The results of theoretical analysis and the statements are<br />proven by computer simulation and experimentally. Experimental verification<br />is achieved using a laboratory prototype that is based on dSPACE control<br />system.</p>
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Sistemas inteligentes para monitoramento e diagnósticos de falhas em motores de indução trifásicos / Intelligent systems for faults monitoring and diagnosis in three-phase induction motorsSuetake, Marcelo 11 April 2012 (has links)
O objetivo desta tese consiste na implementação de sistemas inteligentes para monitoramento e diagnósticos de falhas ocorrentes em motores de indução trifásicos. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se uma bancada de experimentos que visa ensaios de falhas relacionados a curto-circuito entre as bobinas do enrolamento de estator, quebras nas barras da gaiola de esquilo do rotor e, finalmente, rolamentos defeituosos. Mais especificamente, o enfoque principal consiste na proposição de uma abordagem neural de detecção de quebras nas barras de rotores de motores de indução trifásicos mediante a análise do espectro de frequência e aplicação de técnicas de análise das componentes principais. Considerou-se o acionamento do motor de indução tanto pela tensão de alimentação da rede quanto por inversor trifásico em diferentes frequências, operando sob diversas condições de torque de carga para a avaliação da metodologia. / The objective of this thesis consists of the implementation of intelligent systems for three-phase induction motors fault diagnosis and condition monitoring. Therefore, an experimental test stand for stator winding inter-turn short circuit faults, broken rotor bar in squirrel cage and, finally, defective wheel bearing has been designed. The main focus is to propose a neural network approach, which uses spectral frequency analysis and principal component analysis techniques to detect broken rotor bar in squirrel cage induction motor. Induction motor operating at different load torque conditions and supplied with sinusoidal voltage supply and three-phase inverter at different frequency was considered in the experiment for methodology evaluation.
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Estudo topológico de escoamento trifásico óleo-água-ar através de sensor de impedância de resposta rápida do tipo \"wire-mesh\" / Topologic study of three-phase pipe flow by means of fast-response wire-mesh impedance sensorVelasco Peña, Hugo Fernando 27 February 2015 (has links)
A ocorrência frequente de escoamentos multifásicos em tubulações tem motivado um grande interesse acadêmico nas últimas décadas. O caso particular de escoamentos líquidolíquido é geralmente encontrado na indústria do petróleo, onde uma série de aplicações envolve escoamentos óleo-água, tais como a produção de petróleo e seu transporte. No entanto, ele não tem recebido a mesma atenção quando comparado com escoamentos gás-líquido. Ainda não existe uma explicação física razoável para um número significativo de fenômenos observados em escoamento óleo-água, como o fenômeno de redução de atrito, observado em escoamento disperso, e a estrutura interfacial ondulada em escoamento estratificado. Os escoamentos trifásicos têm sido ainda menos estudados. Há técnicas de medição, desenvolvidas para escoamento gás-líquido, que supostamente são adaptáveis aos escoamentos líquido-líquido, mas várias delas ainda precisam de validação adequada. O sensor wire-mesh, um método híbrido baseado na medição de resistência ou capacitância, que combina medição local intrusiva da fração de fase e imagens tomográficas transversais, oferece uma boa resolução espacial e alta resolução temporal em comparação com outras técnicas atuais. Porém, a literatura existente em aplicações do sensor wire-mesh cobre quase apenas o escoamento gás-líquido e, até agora, não é possível avaliar o limite de viscosidade do fluido para a sua aplicação. Neste contexto, este projeto propõe o estudo de aspectos importantes da fenomenologia de escoamentos líquido-líquido e líquido-líquido-gás com o auxílio da tecnologia wire-mesh. O principal objetivo prático é a validação da técnica wire-mesh como ferramenta de referência para o desenvolvimento de instrumentação para aplicações em campos petrolíferos, com especial atenção devotada ao efeito da viscosidade do óleo sobre a confiabilidade da medição e à extensão da tecnologia para lidar com escoamentos óleo-água-gás. / The frequent occurrence of multiphase flows in pipes has motivated a great research interest over the last decades. The particular case of liquid-liquid flow is commonly encountered in the petroleum industry, where a number of applications involve oil-water flow such as crude oil production and transportation. However, it has not received the same attention when compared to gas-liquid flow. There is no reasonable physical explanation for a significant number of phenomena observed in oil-water flow, as the drag reduction phenomenon observed in dispersed flow and the interfacial wavy structure of stratified flow. Much less has been investigated when it comes to three-phase flow. Several measurement techniques that are supposed to be adaptable to liquid-liquid flow have been proposed recently, but many of them still need proper validation. The wire-mesh sensor, a hybrid impedance-based method that combines intrusive local measurement of phase fraction and tomographic cross-sectional imaging, offers good spatial resolution and high temporal resolution in comparison with other current techniques. However, the existing literature on wire-mesh sensor applications covers almost only the gas-liquid flow and, so far, it is not possible to evaluate the fluid-viscosity limit for its application. In that context, this project proposes the study of important aspects of liquidliquid and liquid-liquid-gas flow phenomenology with the aid of the wire-mesh technology. The main goal is the validation of the wire-mesh technique as a reference tool for the development of instrumentation for oilfield application, with especial attention paid to the effect of oil viscosity on measurement reliability and the extension of the technology for dealing with oil-water-gas flow.
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Controle de velocidade sensorless aplicado ao controle direto de torque da máquina de indução / Sensorless speed control applied to direct torque control of induction machinePereira, William César de Andrade 14 February 2014 (has links)
Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo sobre o controle de velocidade sensorless aplicado ao Motor de Indução Trifásico (MIT) visando sobretudo, melhorar o desempenho da máquina de indução em aplicações na região de baixa frequência de operação. Para tanto, propõe-se uma abordagem utilizando a técnica de controle Direct Torque Control (DTC) com Space Vector Modulation (SVM) em conjunto com o Observador de Fluxo com Modelo de Tensão e Corrente (OFMTC), o que possibilita a estimação precisa da posição do vetor de fluxo do estator em baixa velocidade. Para a estimativa da velocidade do rotor é utilizado a estratégia Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) com mecanismo de adaptação fuzzy, a fim de se diminuir a sensibilidade aos parâmetros da máquina. O desempenho da estratégia de controle de velocidade sensorless proposta é testada em simulações com diferentes condições de operação buscando reproduzir alguns dos problemas encontrados em aplicações práticas, utilizando o software Matlab. Os resultados obtidos foram condizentes com resultados encontrados na literatura, comprovando o bom desempenho do sistema de controle de velocidade proposto. / This work deals with the sensorless speed control for Three-phase Induction Motor in order to improve its operation at low speed and low frequency. At first, a Direct Torque Control employing Space Vector Pulse with Modulation (SVPWM) based on Flux Observer (voltage and current model) is studied and evaluated due to its high accuracy of estimating the stator-flux at low speed. The Model Adaptive Reference (MRAS) with Fuzzy Controler is chosen in order to estimate the rotor speed. This choice is based on its capability of high performance during Three-phase Induction Motor operation even if the machines parameters and the load change during the operation. At last, some simulations with diferent operational conditions at low speed are carried out in order to test the sensorless control. The results show a good perfomance and agreed with the results shown in recent papers.
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Metodologia para avaliação e otimização de motores elétricos de indução trifásicos visando a conservação de energia em aplicações industriais / Methodology for evaluation and optimization of three-phase induction motors to promote the conservation of energy in industrial applications.Ramos, Mario Cesar do Espirito Santo 29 October 2009 (has links)
Esta tese apresenta uma metodologia específica para a quantificação das perdas energéticas em motores elétricos de indução trifásicos com rotor em gaiola, por meio da determinação indireta do rendimento nas condições de funcionamento a plena carga. A referida metodologia, denominada MHmit, foi desenvolvida em ambientes industriais, particularmente no segmento alimentício, contando também com a colaboração do Laboratório de Máquinas Elétricas do Instituto de Eletrotécnica e Energia da Universidade de São Paulo no tocante a disponibilização dos ensaios de vários motores de indução trifásicos com rotor em gaiola ao longo de vários anos de prestação de serviços. Esses ensaios foram de extrema importância para a validação da metodologia apresentada. Sendo o motor elétrico um equipamento de uso final de forte presença industrial, é passível de substituição por tecnologias mais eficientes mediante a realização de estudos de eficiência energética. Os diagnósticos energéticos em sistemas motrizes beneficiam as indústrias por meio da diminuição dos custos com energia elétrica, tanto pela redução de demanda, quanto pela redução do consumo. Porém, para o desenvolvimento desta metodologia foi necessária a avaliação de estudos realizados por empresas prestadoras de serviços na área de conservação de energia elétrica. Essas empresas foram selecionadas a partir da averiguação da satisfação do cliente quanto aos serviços prestados e resultados obtidos após a substituição dos motores. Por meio da análise de 266 casos, verificaram-se os problemas encontrados por essas empresas antes, durante e após a substituição dos motores elétricos do tipo padrão por de alto rendimento. Em alguns casos, a substituição de um motor antigo do tipo padrão por um motor novo do tipo alto rendimento resultou num aumento do consumo de energia elétrica, fato este totalmente controverso quando se espera uma economia de 2 a 6% proveniente desta mudança de tecnologias, de acordo com Eletrobrás e NEMA MG 1. A metodologia MHmit desenvolvida neste trabalho contempla esta situação. As principais metodologias atualmente utilizadas na realização de estudos para substituição de motores elétricos dos tipos padrão por alto rendimento foram analisadas e apresentadas neste trabalho. Dentre elas, a metodologia convencional, que utiliza curvas de motores elétricos para a determinação do rendimento, a metodologia que utiliza o programa denominado BD Motor, desenvolvido pelo Centro de Pesquisas em Energia Elétrica da Eletrobrás, a VII metodologia que utiliza o programa Mark IV, desenvolvido por pesquisadores da Universidade Federal de Itajubá, em parceria com o Procel / Eletrobrás e o software Motor Master, desenvolvido pelo Departamento de Energia Norte-Americano (DoE). Todos esses programas estão disponíveis gratuitamente para download no site do Procel Info / Eletrobrás - www.procelinfo.com.br. A metodologia MHmit, desenvolvida neste trabalho, apresentou desvios percentuais satisfatórios (10,12%) entre os valores previstos (durante as simulações com o aplicativo MHmit) e reais (por meio da verificação da real economia de energia elétrica proporcionada após a substituição do novo motor) das metodologias em estudo. Estas, não contemplam dados de parâmetros de motores antigos, dificultando a obtenção de um valor verdadeiro do rendimento do motor em funcionamento, pois muitas vezes este já sofreu reparos, rebobinagens e curtos-circuitos. Os 86 estudos de caso realizados para a validação desta metodologia (motores com potências de 7,5 a 125 cv) mostraram diferenças significativas entre os valores previstos pelas metodologias atuais e a metodologia desenvolvida MHmit. / This thesis presents a specific methodology to quantify the energy loss in three-phase induction electric motors with cage rotor, by indirect determination of efficiency under operation conditions at full load. This methodology, named MHmit, was developed in industrial environments, particularly in textile and food sectors, relying on the collaboration of the machines laboratory of the Institute of Electrotechnics and Energy, University of São Paulo on the availability of tests in several three-phase induction motors with cage rotor over several years under the laboratory service. These essays were extremely important to validate the presented methodology. Once the electric motor is an equipment of final use strongly present in industry, it is subject to replacement by more efficient technologies by carrying out energy efficiency studies. Energy Diagnosis in electric motors aims to provide the client with a decrease in electric energy costs, not only a decrease in demand, but also as a decrease in consumption. However, for the development of this methodology, it was necessary for evaluation, an assessment by companies that provide services in the area of energy conservation. These companies were selected from an investigation of customer satisfaction on services provided and results obtained after replacing the motors. By analyzing 266 cases, the problems found by these companies had been verified before, during and after the substitution of standard electric motors by high-efficiency ones. In some cases, the substitution of an old standard motor by a new high-efficiency one resulted in an increase of consumption of electric energy, and this fact is totally controversial when one expects savings of 2 to 6 % from this change of technologies, according to Eletrobrás and NEMA MG 1. The methodology MHmit developed in this work covers this situation. The main methodologies currently used to carry out studies to replace standard electric motors by high-efficiency ones were analyzed and presented in this work. Amongst them, the conventional methodology, which uses electric motor curves to determine efficiency, and the methodology that uses the program named BD Motor, developed by the Center of Research in Electric Energy of Eletrobrás, the methodology that uses the program Mark IV, developed by researchers from Federal University of Itajubá, in partnership with Procel/Eletrobrás and the IX program named Motor Master, developed by the North American Department of Energy (DoE). All these programs are freely available for download at Procel Info/Eletrobrás website - www.procelinfo.com.br. The MHmit methodology, developed in this work, presented satisfactory percentage values of deviations (10,12%), between the predicted values (during simulations with MHmit application) and real (by checking the real electric energy savings provided after the old standard motor replacement) when compared to the methodologies in study. These, do not include the old motor data parameters, making it difficult to obtain a true value of motor operation efficiency, because it may have gone through repairs, rewinding and short-circuits. The 86 case studies which were carried out for the validation of this methodology (motors with rated power from 7.5 to 125 hp) showed significant differences between the values provided by current methodologies and the methodology developed MHmit.
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Estimador fuzzy de velocidade para motores de indução trifásicos usando abordagem sensorless / Speed fuzzy estimator for three-phase induction motors using sensorless approachMinotti, Cristiano 08 July 2008 (has links)
O uso da tecnologia sensorless é uma tendência crescente para acionamentos industriais aplicados em máquinas elétricas. A estimação dos parâmetros elétricos e mecânicos envolvidos com o controle da máquina elétrica são utilizados freqüentemente para se evitar medir todas as variáveis envolvidas no processo. A redução de custos em acionamentos industriais, além do incremento da robustez do sistema, são algumas das vantagens do uso de técnicas sensorless. Este trabalho propõe o uso de lógica fuzzy para estimar a velocidade de rotação de motores de indução trifásicos. Estão presentes resultados de simulações computacionais e comparação com outras técnicas inteligentes para validação da abordagem apresentada. / The use of sensorless technologies is an increasing tendency on industrial drives for electrical machines. The estimation of electrical and mechanical parameters involved with the electric machine control is used very frequently in order to avoid measurement of all variables from this process. The cost reduction may also be considered in industrial drives, besides the increasing robustness of the system, as advantages of the use of sensorless technologies. This work proposes the use of fuzzy logic to estimate the speed in three-phase induction motors. Simulation results are presented to validate the proposed approach and comparative analyses with other intelligent techniques are also outlined.
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