The Finnish police have power and influence as they are gate keepers of the criminal justice system. Governmental crime reduction policies rely on the actions of the police and in 2020 the Finnish police made a TikTok video to warn adolescences about dangers of sexting. My thesis uses Lerner’s Just world hypothesis and Bacchi’s What’s the problem represented to be as a theoretical framework, and multimodal critical discourse analysis (MCDA) to identify how the victim is represented in the TikTok video. The analysis on the content of the TikTok video is representing the victim as culpable for the crime against him/her. When the analysis is applied to the theoretical framework, it can be argued that the instructive TikTok video bears pressing social and institutional problems and extends people’s responsibility for avoiding crime and therefore fails achieving a balanced policy between crime prevention and criminal justice response.

Thesis title The right to be forgotten in the context of a modern concept of personal data protection in the EU and the USA Abstract The main topic of the thesis is the analysis of the right to be forgotten and its place in today's digital world and information society. In particular, the author discusses a different approach to the protection of personal data in Europe and in the United States of America within the context of the conflict between right to privacy and freedom of expression and right to free access to information. The author describes different conceptions of significance of these rights and different value ladder in connection in their mutual assessment. Based on outlining the different approaches to aforementioned rights, the author examines the inclusion of the right to be forgotten within the two legal cultures and consequently examines different forms of the right to be forgotten. Such forms are introduced in the context of privacy rights in the European union and presented in the was, how the legislation has been developing as the privacy laws evolved. Author closely examines the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union which is focused on right to be forgotten. Attention is also paid to the practical implementation of the right to be forgotten in accordance with the...

Children’s rights and childhood are concepts that are a part of everyday discussions for many people around the world, but the understanding of the concepts shifts through time and space. The Convention on the Right of the Child, CRC, is supposed to protect children’s rights and relies upon the idea of childhood that describes children both as active agents and in need of protection. UNICEF, an organization within the UN, has the CRC as a guiding principle to achieve its mission to improve the lives of every child globally. However, previous research has criticized the CRC and UNICEF for ignoring particular children’s needs and having a western bias. Thus, even if an international social work program aims to protect children’s rights, it can end up excluding the needs of particular groups of children. This study aims to provide an understanding of how the problem of children’s rights discriminations is represented to be in UNICEF’s campaign #ENDviolence. The study fulfills the aim by using Carol Bacchi’s approach “What’s the problem represented to be?” WPR, and its six guiding questions. The empirical data is UNICEF’s campaign report, because the present study aims to investigate children’s rights discrimination, and the organization works with children and uses the CRC as a guiding principle. The study uses the WPR approach because it stresses that problems are created and given meanings through policies and programs. This study also uses the social constructionist theory and the two concepts, intersectionality and intertextuality, to provide a broader understanding. The results show that the campaign does only have a limited intersectional perspective, by not including children’s different identities, relating to such as race, nationality, alternative gender identification and sexuality, and abilities/disabilities, and it also does not acknowledge children’s multiple identities. Instead, the problem representation solely relies upon the concepts of sex (boy/girl) or age. Hence, the campaign leaves particular children and their needs unrecognized. An explanation for this approach is the campaign’s stable intertextual connection to the UN, and the writings, CRC and SDGs, Sustainable development goals. The campaign also tends to have a western bias, through silencing western countries, the data it uses and how it presents the data. The campaign ignores particular children and how institutional structures may affect them differently because of their identities. Thus, discrimination and violence against specific children can continue and suggested solutions would not necessarily help them.

No description available.

My study examines trauma informed practice (TIP) policies in BC, Canada. My chosen methodology, what is the problem represented to be (WPR) (Bacchi 2009), makes politics visible in policies. I am interested in the effects of trauma policies on women who experience male violence. How does discourse produce certain effects and constitute specific subjects within these texts? I extend a politicized analysis of TIP policies, specifically, an in-depth feminist post structural analysis. I advance an understanding of the effects of policy, particularly for women who have experienced male violence and who receive services under the TIP guidelines. I note the absence of an intersectional analysis and the lack of attention paid to power relations, specifically associated with the provision of care within the health care system, the construction of the traumatized female subject and the absence of a social justice lens in TIP policies. My study addresses the meanings, and resulting practices arising from the TIP policy and its impacts on women's lived experiences. My feminist post structural analysis provides a critique of TIP policies glaringly absent from the literature. I examine available literature, which evaluates TIP. My analysis deepens the understanding of the policy's inherent assumptions by revealing the problem of trauma, as represented in TIP policies. I explore the emergence of the dominant concept of trauma in the completion of a genealogy of trauma. I uncover the commonly accepted trauma ethos, a set of principles and beliefs about violence against women that has set the path for a trauma discourse in BC's guidelines, policies, and programs. I explore my interest in iv the ontology of trauma, the nature of trauma itself and the way of being when trauma has occurred. While exploring this interest through a genealogy of trauma, I identify five historical figures; the traumatized female figure, the assaulted woman figure, the wounded veteran figure, the colonized Indigenous woman figure and the emancipated woman figure. My study explores how women are obscured and invisible in policies intended to address violence against women. I demonstrate that this invisibility results in gender-neutral policies-if there is no gender-based violence- we, therefore, do not have to think of gender-based treatment. The patriarchal erasure of women from trauma policies continually repositions what the problem is represented to be. These policies constitute women as the less valued subjects, fundamentally damaged and flawed. Trauma policies shape women as people who can damage staff; assuming they are a source of trauma infection; they can infect staff with their trauma resulting in vicarious traumatization of staff. Trauma policies characterize the traumatized female subject as fundamentally different from the staff or the professional expert. Only certain kinds of women can be traumatized, the mentally ill and substance-using women. My study exposes the presupposition embedded in policies that only certain women are violated, and other women are unlike them. This trauma discourse is grounded in racism, colonialism and sexism, built on stereotypical patriarchal representations of women, resulting in the stigmatization of women who experience male violence. / Graduate / 2022-08-25

Current moves into a heavily digitalized era has led to a phase where our privacy is being eroded as we hand over our personal data to organizations and their systems. At the same time, the applicable laws to give security to the individuals have failed to incorporate these legal developments. However, in April 2016 the European Union proposed a change to a new regulation called the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The GDPR will be implemented and start to apply in May 2018, thus the main purpose of this study was to investigate how organizations can adapt to changing regulations on how personal data should be stored and managed, and what the key tension points are within specifically closed IT-systems. The goal of the GDPR and this study on its feature implementation is to guarantee the EU citizens their right to privacy. Through an exploratory case study involving an in-depth analysis of two closed IT-systems this study develops a broader understanding on how organizations should adapt their daily businesses in order to be fully compliant with the new bylaws. This study identifies four critical issues which are used to discuss how the new bylaws could affect the EU citizens’ privacy. To accomplish this and open up for further investigation within the field of data privacy laws - four different propositions to modifications were suggested. / Den aktuella övergången till en omfattande digitaliserad tid har lett till en fas där vår integritet går förlorad då vi överlämnar vår personliga information till organisationer och deras system. Samtidigt har de tillämpade datalagarna med syfte att skydda individen misslyckats med att införliva denna utveckling. Därför har den Europeiska Unionen i april 2016 föreslagit en förändring till en ny reglering som får namnet Dataskyddsförordningen. Dataskyddsförordningen kommer blir implementerad och börja gälla i maj 2018 och därav var huvudsyftet med den här studien att undersöka hur organisationer bör anpassa sig till de nya riktlinjerna för hur personlig information bör lagras och hanteras samt vilka spänningspunkterna är för slutna IT-system. Målet med Dataskyddsförordningen och vad den här studien beaktade i dess kommande utförande är att garantera EU-medborgare rätten till sin integritet. Genom att utföra en undersökande fallstudie innehållandes en djupgående analys av två slutna IT-system har den här studien bidragit med en bredare förståelse för hur organisationer bör anpassa sina dagliga verksamhet för att vara helt medgörliga med Dataskyddsförordningen. Studien har identifierat fyra kritiska problem som har legat till grund för att diskutera hur den nya förordningen kommer påverka EU-medborgarnas rätt till sin integritet. För att göra det möjligt samt öppna upp för framtida undersökningar inom ramen för dataskyddslagar föreslogs fyra förslag på generella förändringar.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

This thesis examines the politicization of juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice in Sweden since 1989, and explores problem representations of prevalence within the recently proposed penal reforms to reduce the minimum age of criminal responsibility, implement stricter regulations for young offenders, and establish youth prisons. Specifically, this thesis aimed to investigate whether efforts to address the issue of juvenile delinquency are an effect of crisis-based politicization, and if the recently proposed penal reforms reflect the identified global trend of defending old and retaliatory principles of juvenile justice.  The research was conducted by applying a comprehensive theoretical framework, including politicization theory and the perspectives of humane neoclassicism, hegemonic neoliberalism and cultures of control, combined with a single case study design, including process tracing and the WPR approach to policy analysis.  The research reveals that juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice is currently being politicized in terms of crisis and that such politicization has been historically present, although it did not lead to drastic changes of the penal system. Additionally, it reveals that the problem representations are heavily influenced by the ideology of hegemonic neoliberalism and cultures of control. Altogether, the findings attest to a departure from previous traditions and a shift towards a culture of control.