The purpose of this study is threefold. First, numerical control will be analyzed objectively to ascertain its justification in terms of meeting the requirements of the basic manufacturing process phases. Secondly, the study will consist of an evaluation of the field of industrial arts in the Dallas-Fort Worth area to determine how numerical control has been accepted in the educational field and what preparation, if any, is being made to include the teaching of this new industrial concept. Thirdly, the study will investigate the feasibility and cost of installing numerically controlled equipment in the industrial arts laboratories of North Texas State University.

This diploma thesis in theoretical part describes methods of Reverse engineering and Rapid prototyping. Each method describes its characteristics, pros and cons and usability. Practical part deals with application of these methods on part of a ledge of Škoda 1000 MB, digitalization of object, creating a new volume model, analyzing its dimensions and geometry using deviation analysis, creating prototype, choosing suitable manufacturing technology and technical-economical aspects.

This study focuses on the cycle-averaged mold temperature of additively manufactured injection molding tooling and how it is affected by conformal cooling channels. This was done by producing a benchmark mold out of Digital ABS produced by Stratasys, an acrylic based photopolymer, which was then used to produce injection molded parts until tool failure. Another, more cost-effective material, High Temp Resin produced by Formlabs, another acrylic based photopolymer, was also tested but yielded very little success. Then the mold design was altered by adding conformal cooling channels and again tested by producing injection molded parts while tracking the mold temperature. This experimentation was then compared to an injection molding cooling channel model in order to validate the model for use with additively manufactured tooling with conformal cooling channels for use in injection molding. The benchmark Digital ABS mold was able to produce 66 shots in the injection molding machine before complete mold failure. The Digital ABS mold had a cycle-averaged mold temperature of about 155°F. The High Temp Resin mold was able to produce 3 shots before complete mold failure. The High Temp Resin material is much more brittle, and the mold design did not take into account how brittle the material was. The Digital ABS mold with conformal cooling channels had a cycle-averaged mold temperature of 111°F. This is significantly lower than without cooling channels and has a high potential for improving tooling life. The cooling channel model predicted the cycle-averaged mold temperature to be 116°F. This proved to be a very good model and can be used as a design tool when choosing cooling channel geometry and position in additively manufactured tooling. This research shows the potential that conformal cooling channels have to help improve additively manufactured tooling life for injection molding. As shown in other research done, the ability to maintain the mold below 120°F significantly improves the life of additively manufactured tooling. The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of conformal cooling channels in controlling mold temperature. It should be researched further, but the use of conformal cooling channels has the potential to produce more production or prototype parts with additively manufactured tooling for injection molding.

Published Article / Atkinson distinguishes between four types of prototypes, categorised through its end-use: •Design or aesthetic prototypes •Geometrical prototypes •Functional prototypes •Technological prototypes Shigley and Mitchell define the design process according to the following six phases: Recognition of need Definition of problem Synthesis Analysis and optimization Evaluation Presentation The Centre for Rapid Prototyping and Manufacture (CRPM) of the Central University of Technology, Free State was asked to assist in the development of a newly developed gynaecological cream applicator. Apart from needing a freeform fabrication system to give form fit and function to the very complex design, the product needed Rapid Tooling / Rapid Manufacturing support to enable a first batch production for medical trials and evaluation. The paper will describe the total product development process alongside prototype categories described by Atkinson and design phases defined by Shigley and Mitchell (including some iterations enabled through timeous prototyping, including various Rapid Prototyping (RP) Technologies, soft tooling and vacuum casting). More importantly, results from Rapid Tooling for limited run production (due to the complexity of the product the cycle time of the Prototype Tool is fairly long), as well as the economical impact made possible through the support of CAD / CAM and RP Technologies, will be discussed.

Published Article / Rapid tooling (RT) in the context of this research presents the possibility of improving the traditional investment casting process by shortening lead times while still maintaining affordable costs and required quality. Various rapid prototyping processes are available that can be used to create direct metal, polymer or wooden dies for this casting technology. This paper presents results gained in an AMTS project, focusing on RT development for investment casting of light metals. One of the most widely used layer manufacturing processes available in South Africa is selective laser sintering. A machine produced by the German manufacturer EOS (process known as laser sintering) utilising this technology was selected for the study. Two of the materials that are suitable for rapid die making are used, which in tum reflects different mechanical properties and process economics. A standard benchmark part was used as a study base. Two dies were built, one in alumide and one in polyamide. A comprehensive measurement programme was conducted, followed by an appropriate statistical analysis and evaluation regarding accuracy and surface finish. A number of wax patterns were produced. The best wax patterns from each die were selected and evaluated. The subsequently produced castings in AI, Mg and TI were further examined and evaluated. Various issues concerning the reinforcement, wax injection, pattern removal, accuracy and surface finish of the dies are discussed in the paper. The research concludes that rapid tooling techniques can be successfully used for creating accurate dies in order to shorten lead times in the investment casting process chain.

<p>The objective with this thesis project was to with the simulations software Delmia make a working build philosophy for the new concept of the fixed leading edge for the Airbus A320 airliner, but also to make two conceptual fixtures in the modular framework BoxJoint for pre-drilling of two sub assemblies.</p><p> </p><p>Everything started with a study in Delmia to both recap on previous knowledge and to learn more about it. This was followed by early simulations on the new concepts that were provided by project partners. Then a study was made in the Affordable Reconfigurable tooling, ART-concept. A suggested build philosophy was created and possible areas for automation were identified. These areas were all the drilling and fettling operations except the drilling in the last stage where the pre-drilled holes are opened up. More investigations needs to be done to see if a robot can install and remove slave pins that are used in the last stage. Two conceptual designs on fixtures were created where one uses two industrial robots with vision systems to get the correct accuracy when drilling the product. The other was build to be able to use a Tau-Gantry robot solution together with a vision system.</p>

<p>År 1668 anlades Uddeholms första järnverk i Värmland och år 1873 grundades företaget Hagfors Järnverk. Sedan dess har företaget varit verksamt, idag under namnet Uddeholm Tooling AB. De senaste decennierna har konkurrensen på världens stålmarknad tilltagit och behovet av att vara produktiv är idag avgörande för Uddeholm Tooling AB:s överlevnad och välgång. Företaget ser sina anställda som sin viktigaste resurs för att möta den hårda konkurrensen. Således måste de anställda involveras och engageras i företagets produktivitetssträvan, som ett led i det implementerar Uddeholm Tooling AB ett förbättringsarbete, där Ordning och Reda är den första etappen.</p><p>I företagets förbättringsarbete har vår ansats varit att kvalitativt undersöka och problematisera medarbetares meningsskapande kring Ordning och Reda. Vi har valt att begränsa vår studie till medarbetarna i en av Uddeholm Tooling AB:s enheter; Terminalen, där vi har observerat och intervjuat delar av personalen kring förbättringsarbetet.</p><p>I alla former av förändringar tvingas människor att skapa sig ny mening. I det här fallet, för medarbetarna i Terminalen, skapas mening och därav tolkning kring förbättringsarbetet Ordning och Reda. Vår studie belyser vikten av transformerad kommunikation kring förändringar och de kulturella och institutionella kontexternas inverkan på meningsskapande. Vi hävdar att det inom Uddeholm Tooling AB finns en diskrepans mellan medarbetares och lednings åsikt gällande förbättringsarbetet Ordning och Reda. Uddeholm Tooling AB:s ledning ser Ordning och Reda som ett steg i att öka företagets produktivitet, medan medarbetarna i Terminalen ser samma arbete som ett städprojekt. Vi menar att medarbetare med skilda sociala verkligheter, baserade på organisationskultur, institutioner och tidigare meningsskapande, utifrån en given information ser olika betydelse och innebörd. Tolkningen av informationen skiljer sig markant åt, vilket återspeglas i medarbetarnas meningsskapande.</p> / <p>As early as 1668 the first ironworks were established in Värmland and since 1873 the enterprise has been located in Hagfors, now known as Uddeholm Tooling AB. Decisive for the survival of the business is to stress productivity in the fierce competition among the world’s producers. The employees are seen as the enterprise most valuable resource in its fight for survival and profitability. Therefore their participation is important in any improvements within Uddeholm Tooling AB. To improve the competitiveness of the enterprise, Uddeholm Tooling AB implemented Ordning och Reda, as the first step of four to become more productive.</p><p>We have made a qualitative study, aiming to concretize the understanding of the employees’ sensemaking regarding the work improvement Ordning och Reda. Our study is limited to one unit within Uddeholm Tooling AB; the Terminalen, where we have observed and interviewed the employees concerned.</p><p>By nature, people try to make sense of every alterations and new situations. In this case the employees make sense and create interpretations concerning the improvement Ordning och Reda. Our study stresses the importance of a transformed message based on the knowledge and awareness of the significance of organization culture and institutions. We argue that this is a crucial part of the creation of a uniformed meaning between parties. Within Uddeholm Tooling AB we have discovered a discrepancy among management and employees sensemaking about Ordning och Reda. Different social realities, based on cultural and institutional contexts, seem to conduct diverse interpretations.</p>

@font-face { font-family: "TimesNewRoman"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } Teleoperated task execution for hazardous environments is slow and requires highly skilled operators. Attempts to implement telerobotic assists to improve efficiency have been demonstrated in constrained laboratory environments but are not being used in the field because they are not appropriate for use on actual remote systems operating in complex unstructured environments using typical operators. This work describes a methodology for combining select concepts from behavior-based systems with telerobotic tool control in a way that is compatible with existing manipulator architectures used by remote systems typical to operations in hazardous environment. The purpose of the approach is to minimize the task instance modeling in favor of a priori task type models while using sensor information to register the task type model to the task instance. The concept was demonstrated for two tools useful to decontamination & dismantlement type operations—a reciprocating saw and a powered socket tool. The experimental results demonstrated that the approach works to facilitate traded control telerobotic tooling execution by enabling difficult tasks and by limiting tool damage. The role of the tools and tasks as drivers to the telerobotic implementation was better understood in the need for thorough task decomposition and the discovery and examination of the tool process signature. The contributions of this work include: (1) the exploration and evaluation of select features of behavior-based robotics to create a new methodology for integrating telerobotic tool control with positional teleoperation in the execution of complex tool-centric remote tasks, (2) the simplification of task decomposition and the implementation of sensor-based tool control in such a way that eliminates the need for the creation of a task instance model for telerobotic task execution, and (3) the discovery, demonstrated use, and documentation of characteristic tool process signatures that have general value in the investigation of other tool control, tool maintenance, and tool development strategies above and beyond the benefit sustained for the methodology described in this work.

År 1668 anlades Uddeholms första järnverk i Värmland och år 1873 grundades företaget Hagfors Järnverk. Sedan dess har företaget varit verksamt, idag under namnet Uddeholm Tooling AB. De senaste decennierna har konkurrensen på världens stålmarknad tilltagit och behovet av att vara produktiv är idag avgörande för Uddeholm Tooling AB:s överlevnad och välgång. Företaget ser sina anställda som sin viktigaste resurs för att möta den hårda konkurrensen. Således måste de anställda involveras och engageras i företagets produktivitetssträvan, som ett led i det implementerar Uddeholm Tooling AB ett förbättringsarbete, där Ordning och Reda är den första etappen. I företagets förbättringsarbete har vår ansats varit att kvalitativt undersöka och problematisera medarbetares meningsskapande kring Ordning och Reda. Vi har valt att begränsa vår studie till medarbetarna i en av Uddeholm Tooling AB:s enheter; Terminalen, där vi har observerat och intervjuat delar av personalen kring förbättringsarbetet. I alla former av förändringar tvingas människor att skapa sig ny mening. I det här fallet, för medarbetarna i Terminalen, skapas mening och därav tolkning kring förbättringsarbetet Ordning och Reda. Vår studie belyser vikten av transformerad kommunikation kring förändringar och de kulturella och institutionella kontexternas inverkan på meningsskapande. Vi hävdar att det inom Uddeholm Tooling AB finns en diskrepans mellan medarbetares och lednings åsikt gällande förbättringsarbetet Ordning och Reda. Uddeholm Tooling AB:s ledning ser Ordning och Reda som ett steg i att öka företagets produktivitet, medan medarbetarna i Terminalen ser samma arbete som ett städprojekt. Vi menar att medarbetare med skilda sociala verkligheter, baserade på organisationskultur, institutioner och tidigare meningsskapande, utifrån en given information ser olika betydelse och innebörd. Tolkningen av informationen skiljer sig markant åt, vilket återspeglas i medarbetarnas meningsskapande. / As early as 1668 the first ironworks were established in Värmland and since 1873 the enterprise has been located in Hagfors, now known as Uddeholm Tooling AB. Decisive for the survival of the business is to stress productivity in the fierce competition among the world’s producers. The employees are seen as the enterprise most valuable resource in its fight for survival and profitability. Therefore their participation is important in any improvements within Uddeholm Tooling AB. To improve the competitiveness of the enterprise, Uddeholm Tooling AB implemented Ordning och Reda, as the first step of four to become more productive. We have made a qualitative study, aiming to concretize the understanding of the employees’ sensemaking regarding the work improvement Ordning och Reda. Our study is limited to one unit within Uddeholm Tooling AB; the Terminalen, where we have observed and interviewed the employees concerned. By nature, people try to make sense of every alterations and new situations. In this case the employees make sense and create interpretations concerning the improvement Ordning och Reda. Our study stresses the importance of a transformed message based on the knowledge and awareness of the significance of organization culture and institutions. We argue that this is a crucial part of the creation of a uniformed meaning between parties. Within Uddeholm Tooling AB we have discovered a discrepancy among management and employees sensemaking about Ordning och Reda. Different social realities, based on cultural and institutional contexts, seem to conduct diverse interpretations.

The objective with this thesis project was to with the simulations software Delmia make a working build philosophy for the new concept of the fixed leading edge for the Airbus A320 airliner, but also to make two conceptual fixtures in the modular framework BoxJoint for pre-drilling of two sub assemblies.   Everything started with a study in Delmia to both recap on previous knowledge and to learn more about it. This was followed by early simulations on the new concepts that were provided by project partners. Then a study was made in the Affordable Reconfigurable tooling, ART-concept. A suggested build philosophy was created and possible areas for automation were identified. These areas were all the drilling and fettling operations except the drilling in the last stage where the pre-drilled holes are opened up. More investigations needs to be done to see if a robot can install and remove slave pins that are used in the last stage. Two conceptual designs on fixtures were created where one uses two industrial robots with vision systems to get the correct accuracy when drilling the product. The other was build to be able to use a Tau-Gantry robot solution together with a vision system.