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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Efeitos de regimes de sobreclareamento associados a produtos clareadores caseiros sobre o conteúdo mineral e a rugosidade do esmalte dentário humano / Overbleaching effects on mineral content and roughness of human enamel

Marianna Sorozini Ferreira de Miranda 09 December 2013 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O clareamento dental se tornou um dos tratamentos estéticos mais realizados nos consultórios odontológicos, devido à simplicidade técnica e popularização através da mídia. Consiste na utilização de géis à base de peróxido de carbamida, peróxido de hidrogénio e, em uma menor escala, de perborato de sódio, com intuito de oxidar moléculas responsáveis pela pigmentação da estrutura dentária. Apesar da grande quantidade de estudos sobre o tema, não se sabe os efeitos do uso excessivo desses agentes sobre a estrutura dentária. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos sobre a rugosidade superficial e conteúdo mineral do esmalte dental humano submetido a regimes de sobreclareamento associados ao uso de géis clareadores caseiros: peróxido de carbamida 10% (Opalescence PF Regular 10%, Ultradent do Brasil Produtos Odontológicos Ltda., Indaiatuba, São Paulo), peróxido de hidrogênio 9,5% (DayWhite 9,5%, Discus, LLC Culver City, EUA), bem como tiras clareadoras (Oral-B WhiteStrips, Anderson Packaging, Rockford, Estados Unidos). Quatro fragmentos de esmalte obtidos a partir de cinco dentes foram submetidos a um diferente tratamento: Grupo I - armazenamento em saliva artificial por oito semanas; Grupo 2 oito semanas de tratamento com gel de peróxido de carbamida 10% por 6 horas diárias; Grupo 3 oito semanas de tratamento com gel de peróxido de hidrogênio 9,5% com duas aplicações diárias de 30 minutos; Grupo 4 oito semanas de tratamento com tiras clareadoras duas aplicações diárias de 30 minutos. A alteração no conteúdo mineral foi avaliada semanalmente em seis pontos de cada fragmento devidamente identificados através de um sistema de coordenadas (X, Y e Z) utilizando-se a técnica de fluorescência de raios X (Artax 200). Alterações na rugosidade superficial das amostras também foram avaliadas através de um rugosímetro 3D (FormTalysurf 60, Taylor Leicester, Reino Unido). Apenas o grupo 3 apresentou diferenças estatísticas significativas com relação aos níveis de rugosidade (p<0,05), porém não consideradas como clinicamente significativos. Para os demais tratamentos e intervalos propostos, não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p>0,05). Desse modo, não houve alterações compatíveis com um processo de desmineralização ou aumento real da rugosidade da superfície. Nas condições desse estudo in vitro os géis clareadores caseiros foram considerados seguros. São necessários novos estudos in situ e in vitro que analisem os efeitos de regimes de sobreclareamento quando em condições de somatório de desafios intra-orais. / Tooth bleaching has become one of the most performed cosmetic treatments in dental offices because of the technical simplicity and popularization through media. It is based in the use of gels containing carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium perborate to oxidize molecules responsible for pigmentation of the tooth structure. Despite the large amount of studies of the topic, the effects of overuse of these agents on tooth structure are not established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on the surface roughness and mineral content of the enamel submitted to overbleaching protocols associated with the use of home bleaching gels: 10 % carbamide peroxide (Opalescence PF 10 % Regular, Ultradent Dental Products of Brazil Ltd., Indaiatuba, São Paulo), hydrogen peroxide 9.5% (DayWhite 9.5%, Discus, LLC Culver City, EUA), as well as bleaching strips (Oral- B Whitestrips, Anderson Packaging, Rockford, USA). Four enamel fragments obtained from five teeth were subjected to different treatments: Group I - storage in artificial saliva for eight weeks; Group 2 eight-week exposure to 10% carbamide peroxide gel for 6 hours daily; Group 3 eight-week exposure to 9,5% hydrogen peroxide gel - two 30-minute application, Group 4 eight-week exposure to bleaching strips - twice daily for 30 minutes. The change in mineral content was assessed weekly with the analysis of six points in each fragment properly identified by a coordinate system (X, Y and Z) using the technique of X-ray fluorescence (Artax 200). Changes in surface roughness of the samples were also evaluated using a 3D perfilometer (FormTalysurf 60, Taylor Leicester, UK). Only group 3 showed statistically significant differences for roughness (p <0.05), but this is not considered as clinically important. For other proposed treatments and intervals, there were no statistically significant differences for any of the treatments tested in any of the proposed ranges (p > 0,05). There was no sign of demineralization process. Under these in vitro conditions, home bleaching gels were considered safe. Further in situ and in vivo studies are necessary to examine the effects of overbleaching protocols with all other intra-oral challenges.
62

Avaliação do efeito da associação da irradiação laser Er:YAG com flúor no esmalte dental submetido à erosão / Evaluation of the association effect of the Er:YAG laser irradiation with fluoride on enamel submitted to the erosion

Juliana dos Reis Derceli 10 January 2011 (has links)
A erosão dental é uma lesão causada pela dissolução mineral do esmalte, através da ação de ácidos oriundos do suco gástrico ou da alimentação. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do laser Er:YAG na prevenção da erosão do esmalte associado ou não ao flúor e avaliar alterações químicas e morfológicas do esmalte após os tratamentos preventivos. Para tanto, foram obtidos 95 espécimes a partir de esmalte bovino (4x4mm), os quais foram planificados, polidos e divididos aleatoriamente em 5 grupos de acordo com os tratamentos preventivos realizados (G1- laser Er:YAG; G2- laser + flúor; G3- flúor + laser; G4- laser simultaneamente flúor; G5- flúor). A metade da superfície do esmalte de cada espécime foi isolada com esmalte cosmético e cera utilidade (área controle) e a outra metade exposta ao tratamento superficial. O laser foi irradiado por 10 segundos, sem refrigeração, modo focado, não contato, 4 mm de distância focal e 60 mJ/cm2 e 2Hz, o gel fluoretado foi aplicado por 4 minutos. O desafio erosivo ocorreu em Coca-Cola à temperatura ambiente, 4x/dia, por 1 minuto, durante 5 dias. O grau de desmineralização do esmalte foi avaliado por meio da microscopia óptica, do desgaste e da microdureza, as alterações químicas e morfológicas através da MEV/EDS. Os dados da microscopia óptica e microdureza foram analisados por meio da Análise de Variância a 1 Critério, para o desgaste foi utilizado o método não-paramétrico Kruskal-Wallis e para a MEV/EDS foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados. Nos resultados da microscopia óptica observou-se que os grupos 3 e 4, F+L e FeL respectivamente, apresentaram menor desmineralização em relação aos demais grupos, nos resultados do desgaste observou-se que os grupos 4 e 5, FeL e F respectivamente, apresentaram menor desgaste, os grupos 2 e 3 apresentaram maior desgaste e o grupo 1 foi semelhante ao grupo 4. Os resultados de dureza não demonstram diferença estatística entre os grupos, tendo ocorrido diminuição da dureza em relação ao grupo controle, exceto pelo o grupo L. Na análise da EDS o grupo 5 (FeL) apresentou maior retenção de flúor, cerca de 174%, seguido pelos grupos 4 (F) e 3 (F + L), os quais aumentaram o conteúdo de flúor em 27% e 10% respectivamente, os grupos 1 (L) e 2 (L+F) apresentaram diminuição do conteúdo de flúor de 39% e 7,5%, respectivamente. Todos os grupos apresentaram diminuição do conteúdo de Ca e P, exceto o grupo 2 (L+F). Na MEV observou-se áreas ablacionadas. Concluí-se a irradiação laser utilizada simultaneamente à aplicação tópica de flúor foi capaz de promover maior retenção de flúor ao esmalte dental, menor desmineralização e desgaste do esmalte dental, o emprego do flúor isoladamente e do flúor aplicado simultaneamente ao laser proporcionaram menor desgaste do esmalte, o laser Er:YAG promoveu ablação superficial do esmalte quando irradiado com fluência de 60mJ/cm2, 2Hz e sem refrigeração. / The dental erosion is a lesion caused by loss of enamel mineral due to the acids action originated from gastric juice or dietary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Er:YAG laser on the prevention of enamel erosion associated or not to the fluoride, and to evaluate chemical and morphological changes of enamel after preventive treatments. Thus, 95 bovine enamel samples (4X4 mm) were ground flat, polished and randomly divided into 5 groups according to the preventive treatments: G1- Er:YAG laser; G2- laser + fluoride; G3- fluoride + laser; G4- laser simultaneously fluoride; G5- fluoride. Half of the enamel surface was covered with nail varnish and wax (control area) and the other half exposed to the treatments. The laser was irradiated (focused mode, without water cooling, 10 s, 60 mJ/2Hz and focal distance of 4mm) and the fluoride gel was applied for 4 min. Each specimen was individually exposed to soft drink Coca-Cola 4 times/day, during 1 minute, for 5 days. It was evaluated the enamel demineralization degree (optical microscopy), wear depth (perfilometer) and microhardness. Chemical and morphological alterations were evaluated by SEM/EDS. Optical microscopy and microhardness data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, for wear depth was used Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric method and for SEM/EDS was performed descriptive data analysis. For optical microscopy, G3 and G4 presented lower demineralization than the other groups; for wear, G4 and G5 exhibited lower values, G2 and G3 presented higher values and G1 did not differ from G4. The microhardness results did not show statistical difference among the groups. Microhardness decreasead in relation to the control group, except for G1. In the EDS analysis, G5 presented higher fluoride retention, about 174%, followed by G4 and G3 which increased the fluoride content in 27% and 10% respectively, G1 and G2 presented decrease of the fluoride content of 39% and 7.5% respectively. All the groups presented decrease of the Ca and P content, except G2. In the MEV, ablated areas were observed. It can be concluded that laser irradiation used simultaneously to the fluoride was able to promote higher fluoride retention to enamel, lower demineralization and wear. The use of the fluoride alone and fluoride applied simultaneously to the laser provided lower wear. The Er:YAG laser caused enamel superficial ablation when irradiated with 60mJ/cm2 fluence, 2 Hz, and without refrigeration.
63

Efeitos do ACP na remineralização do esmalte dentário submetido ao branqueamento

Oliveira, Larissa Dutra Bittencourt de 26 August 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-12T13:18:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 larissadutrabittencourtdeoliveira.pdf: 15789701 bytes, checksum: f26b4d361b2cff1c8d4d0f75c7aec47a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-26T12:14:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 larissadutrabittencourtdeoliveira.pdf: 15789701 bytes, checksum: f26b4d361b2cff1c8d4d0f75c7aec47a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T12:14:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 larissadutrabittencourtdeoliveira.pdf: 15789701 bytes, checksum: f26b4d361b2cff1c8d4d0f75c7aec47a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As alterações químicas foram analisadas através do EDS no esmalte dentário bovino, submetido ao branqueamento com peróxido de carbamida contendo ACP nas concentrações de 10%, 16% e 22%, nos tempos de 21 dias, indicado e 35 dias, prolongado. Os grupos foram divididos em: G1 e G5-controle (isento de branqueamento); G2 e G6–PC a 10% com ACP; G3 e G7–PC a 16% com ACP e G4 e G8–PC a 22% com ACP. G2, G3 e G4 foram avaliados aos 21 dias e G6, G7 e G8 aos 35 dias no MEV para observar a morfologia dental e no EDS para a análise dos elementos químicos oxigênio, fósforo e cálcio. As imagens observadas no MEV apresentaram-se porosas, irregulares com erosões e perda de estrutura. Para análise dos resultados obtidos no EDS utilizou-se a ANOVA com o teste de Tukey e o teste t de Student com nível de significância de 5% e foram observadas alterações significantes aos 21 dias nos elementos químicos oxigênio entre G2 e G4 e para o cálcio entre os G1 e G3; G1 e G4 e entre G2 e G4. Aos 35 dias, para o oxigênio entre G5 e G6, G7 e G8; para o fósforo entre G6 e G8 e para o cálcio, entre G5 e G8. A adição de ACP nas fórmulas dos géis branqueadores exógenos em diferentes concentrações, pode promover um equilíbrio na composição mineral do esmalte dental, porém não anula completamente os efeitos nocivos do PC. / The chemical changes were analyzed by EDS in bovine enamel submitted to bleaching with carbamide peroxide ACP containing concentrations of 10%, 16% and 22%, in the time of 21 days, and 35 days indicated, prolonged. The groups were divided into G1 and G5-control (free bleaching); G2 and G6-10% CP with ACP; G3 and G7- CP to 16% with ACP and G4 and G8- CP to 22% with ACP. G2, G3 and G4 were evaluated at 21 days, G6, G7 and G8 at 35 days under SEM to observe the tooth and EDS analysis of the chemical elements oxygen, phosphorus and calcium morphology. Images observed under SEM were presented porous with irregular erosion and loss of structure. To analyze the results obtained in the EDS used the ANOVA with Tukey's test and Student's t test with significance level of 5% and significant changes were observed at 21 days in chemical oxygen between G2 and G4 elements and calcium between G1 and G3; G1 and from G4 and G2 and G4. At 35 days, for oxygen between G5 and G6, G7 and G8; for the match between G6 and G8 and calcium, between G5 and G8. The addition of ACP in the formulas of exogenous whitening gels at different concentrations, can promote a balance in the mineral composition of dental enamel, but not completely nullify the harmful effects of CP.
64

Comparação do potencial erosivo de duas fontes ácidas sobre o esmalte e avaliação de métodos de controle da erosão dental / Comparison of the erosive potential of two acidic sources in enamel and evaluation of treatments for prevention of dental erosion

Sheila Regina Maia Braga 01 September 2009 (has links)
Erosão dental é definida como a perda irreversível de tecido duro dental por um processo químico que não envolve bactérias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar in vitro o potencial erosivo de duas fontes ácidas e avaliar métodos de controle da erosão dental em esmalte. Para a comparação das fontes ácidas, coroas de 5 molares inclusos foram seccionadas em quatro, totalizando 20 espécimes. Nos espécimes, uma superfície de esmalte (janela) de 3 x 3 mm foi delimitada. Os espécimes foram submetidos ao desafio erosivo em suco gástrico (obtido durante endoscopia) (n=10), ou suco de laranja (industrializado) (n=10), como segue: 5 minutos em 3 ml de solução ácida, enxágue com água destilada e armazenagem em saliva artificial por 3 horas. Este ciclo foi repetido 4 vezes ao dia por 14 dias. O cálcio (Ca) eliminado dos espécimes na solução ácida foi quantificado por Espectrometria de emissão atômica. A presença de carbonato (CO) e fosfato (PO) foi avaliada nos espécimes antes e após o desafio erosivo pela Espectroscopia FT-Raman. Para a avaliação dos métodos de controle da erosão quarenta espécimes de esmalte de molares inclusos foram distribuídos para cada um dos métodos propostos (n=10): gel de flúor fosfato acidulado (APF 1,23%), laser de Nd:YAG (100 mJ, 1 W, 10 Hz), associação flúor + laser e laser + flúor. Os métodos de controle foram aplicados 1 hora antes do desafio erosivo já descrito, realizado com ácido clorídrico (0,01 M/pH 2,2) como fonte ácida. O flúor foi mantido por 4 minutos sobre a superfície de esmalte. A superfície foi irradiada, com contato, após aplicação de um fotoabsorvedor. As associações foram feitas utilizando o flúor e o laser como descrito anteriormente. A perda de Ca dos espécimes foi quantificada por Espectrometria de emissão atômica e a rugosidade superficial dos espécimes (Ra) foi avaliada antes e após o desafio erosivo. Na comparação das fontes ácidas, os espécimes submetidos à erosão perderam: 12,74 ± 3,33 mg/L de Ca (suco gástrico) e 7,07 ± 1,44 mg/L de Ca (suco de laranja) (p=0,0003). A análise em Espectroscopia FT-Raman não detectou alteração significativa na razão CO/PO após o desafio ácido. Os valores CO/PO antes e depois do desafio foram: 0,16/0,17 (suco gástrico) (p=0,37) e 0,18/0,14 (suco de laranja) (p=0,16). Na avaliação dos métodos de controle da erosão, as perdas de Ca foram (mg/L): APF 1,707a (± 0,113), Nd:YAG 1,638a (±0,080), APF + Nd:YAG 1,385b (±0,078), Nd:YAG + APF 1,484b (±0,068). A rugosidade média inicial dos espécimes foi de 0,14 m. Após o desafio erosivo a rugosidade apresentou significativo aumento (p<0,01): APF 0,69bc (±0,091), Nd:YAG 0,87a (±0,119), APF + Nd:YAG 0,61c (±0,090) e Nd:YAG + APF 0,72b (±0,069). Foi possível concluir que o suco gástrico apresentou potencial erosivo ao esmalte maior que o suco de laranja. A associação entre flúor e laser apresentou-se mais eficaz no controle da erosão dental do que os métodos isoladamente. / Dental erosion is defined as irreversible loss of dental hard tissue due to chemical processes without the involvement of microorganisms. The aim of this study was to compare in vitro the erosive potential of two acidic sources and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments for prevention of dental erosion. To compare the acidic sources, crowns of 5 unerupted human third molars were sectioned in four, totalizing 20 enamel slabs. In the slabs, a test surface (window) of 3 x 3 mm was delimited. The specimens were submitted to erosive challenge into gastric juice (from endoscopy exam) (n=10), or orange juice (industrialized) (n=10), as follows: 5 minutes in 3 ml of acidic solution, rinse with distilled water and stored in artificial saliva for 3 hours. This cycle was repeated for four times a day during 14 days. Calcium (Ca) loss after acid exposure was determined by atomic emission spectroscopy. The presence of carbonate (CO) and phosphate (PO) in the specimens was evaluated before and after the erosive challenge by FT-Raman spectroscopy. To evaluate the treatments for prevention of dental erosion, forty enamel specimens of unerupted human third molars were distributed according to the following treatments (n=10): acidic phosphate fluoride gel (APF 1.23%), Nd:YAG laser (100 mJ, 1 W, 10 Hz), and the associations fluoride + laser and laser + fluoride. These treatments were applied 1 hour before the erosive challenge, which, in this phase was made with hydrochloric acid only (0.01 M/pH 2.2). The fluoride was applied on the enamel surfaces for 4 minutes. The irradiation of enamel surface was made in the contact mode after coating with a photo-activator. The associations were done using fluoride and laser like describe before. The Ca loss was determined by atomic emission spectroscopy and superficial roughness (Ra) was measured before and after the erosive challenge. In the comparison of the acidic sources, the mean loss of Ca were: 12.74 ± 3.33 mg/L Ca (gastric juice) and 7.07 ± 1.44 mg/L Ca (orange juice) (p=0.0003). The FT-Raman spectroscopy found no statistically significant difference in the ratio CO/PO after the erosive challenge. The CO/PO ratios values before and after the challenge were: 0.16/0.17 (gastric juice) (p=0.37) and 0.18/0.14 (orange juice) (p=0.16). In the evaluation of the treatments, the mean Ca loss were (mg/L): APF 1.707a (± 0.113), Nd:YAG 1.638a (±0.080), APF + Nd:YAG 1.385b (±0.078), Nd:YAG + APF 1.484b (±0.068). The mean initial roughness of specimens was 0.14 m. After the erosive challenge the roughness showed a significant increase (p<0.01): APF 0.69bc (±0.091), Nd:YAG 0.87a (±0.119), APF + Nd:YAG 0.61c (±0.090) and Nd:YAG + APF 0.72b (±0.069). It was concluded that gastric juice has higher erosive potential to enamel than orange juice and the association between fluoride and laser was more efficient for the prevention of dental erosion than both methods separately.
65

Efeitos de um cimento de ionômero de vidro e de um selante resinoso em esmalte bovino desmineralizado, submetido ou não a desafio cariogênico - estudo ‘in situ’ / Effects of a glass ionomer cement and a resin sealant on bovine demineralized enamel, submitted or not to a cariogenic challenge - in situ study

Adriano Tomio Hoshi 12 September 2006 (has links)
Este estudo in situ avaliou em esmalte bovino desmineralizado, submetido ou não a um desafio cariogênico, os efeitos de um cimento de ionômero de vidro de alta viscosidade (CIVav) e de um selante resinoso, comparativamente a um controle (sem selamento). Doze voluntários usaram dispositivos intrabucais palatinos (DIP) contendo 12 blocos de esmalte bovino desmineralizado, fixados dois a dois para simular uma fissura em V, a qual foi selada com um dos materiais: CIVav (Ketac, Molar Easymix), selante resinoso (Delton) ou controle (sem selamento). Metade dos espécimes foi submetida ao acúmulo de biofilme, recebendo oito aplicações diárias de sacarose a 20% para provocar um desafio cariogênico, além de outras três, de solução de dentifrício fluoretado (1 g : 3 mL), enquanto a outra metade não sofreu acúmulo de biofilme, mas também recebeu o dentifrício. Após 14 dias, foram avaliadas as concentrações de flúor no biofilme e no esmalte, bem como o conteúdo mineral (microdureza em secção longitudinal). Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente ('alfa'= 5%). O teste Friedman ANOVA revelou que a concentração de flúor no biofilme foi estatisticamente maior com o uso do CIVav, em comparação ao selante resinoso e ao controle. A ANOVA e o teste de Tukey constataram que houve maior concentração de flúor no esmalte associado ao CIVav, sobretudo na ausência de desafio cariogênico, enquanto o selante resinoso e controle foram semelhantes. Em relação ao conteúdo mineral, a ANOVA e o teste de Tukey detectaram diferenças entre os grupos na camada mais superficial do esmalte. Com desafio cariogênico, o conteúdo mineral foi sempre maior no esmalte associado ao CIVav do que naquele associado ao selante resinoso, sendo que o controle apresentou resultados intermediários. Sem o desafio cariogênico, houve uma tendência de um maior conteúdo mineral no grupo controle. Os resultados sugerem que o CIVav, aplicado sobre uma superfície desmineralizada e sob desafio cariogênico, demonstrou um potencial cariostático pela sua capacidade de doar flúor à estrutura e ao biofilme dentários, minimizando os efeitos da desmineralização, mas não melhorou a remineralização. / This in situ study evaluated on demineralized bovine enamel, submitted or not to a cariogenic challenge (dental biofilm), the effects of a high viscosity glass ionomer cement (HV-GIC) and a resin sealant in comparison with a control group (without sealing). Twelve volunteers wore a palatal appliance containing 12 blocks of demineralized bovine enamel mounted (2 by 2) to simulate a fissure in a V shape and sealed with: HV-GIC (Ketac? Molar Easymix), resin sealant (Delton) or maintained with no sealing material (control). Half of specimens was submitted to a cariogenic challenge by dripping a 20% sucrose solution 8 times/day besides a fluoride dentifrice solution (1 g : 3 mL) 3 times/day. The others specimens only received a dentifrice solution. After 14 days, the concentration of fluoride in dental biofilm and enamel was evaluated as well as the mineral content (cross-sectional microhardness) of the enamel. The concentration of fluoride in dental biofilm was higher with HV-GIC (Friedman ANOVA, p<0.05) in comparison with resin sealant and control group. The concentration of loosely-bound fluoride on enamel was significant (ANOVA and Tukey test, p< 0.05) specially without a cariogenic challenge for HVGIC, while it was similar for the resin sealant and control group. Concerning the mineral content, ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05) detected differences among the groups on the superficial layers of the enamel. Under the dental biofilm influence the mineral content was always higher on the enamel associated with HV-GIC than with resin sealant and the control group presented intermediary results. Without dental biofilm the control group presented a tendency of a higher mineral content. The results suggest that HV-GIC applied on a demineralized surface and under the dental biofilm influence has shown a cariostatic potential by its ability to give fluoride to the dental structure and biofilm reducing the demineralization effects.
66

Avaliação de dois cimentos de ionômero de vidro comparados a um selante resinoso, utilizados para selamento de fossas e fisuras aplicados em esmalte bovino hígido, sob condições de severo desafio cariogênico: estudo in situ / Evaluation of two glass ionomer cements compared to a resin sealant, employed for pit and fissure sealing on intact bovine enamel, under severe cariogenic challenge - in situ study

Vivian de Agostino Biella 02 March 2007 (has links)
Este estudo in situ, desenvolvido em uma fase de 14 dias, teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de dois cimentos de ionômero de vidro (CIV) comparados a um selante resinoso, utilizados para selamento de fossas e fissuras aplicados em esmalte bovino hígido, com acúmulo de biofilme dentário, por meio da análise do conteúdo de flúor do biofilme dentário e da microdureza em secção longitudinal. Foram utilizados 88 blocos de esmalte (4mm x 4mm) de incisivos bovinos, selecionados por seu valor de microdureza inicial. Os blocos formaram uma fissura artificial em forma de \"V\" a qual foi selada, para compor os seguintes grupos: GI-CIVav (Ketac? Molar Easymix); GII-CIV modificado por resina (Vitremer?); GIII-selante resinoso sem flúor (Helioseal® Clear) ou GIV-controle, sem selamento. As fissuras artificiais foram fixadas em um dispositivo intrabucal palatino (DIP), em duas fileiras distintas que foram cobertas por uma tela plástica para favorecer o acúmulo de biofilme dentário. Onze voluntários utilizaram o DIP 24 h/dia; gotejaram 8x/dia, uma solução de sacarose a 20% e, uma solução de dentifrício fluoretado (3ml de água deionizada : 1g de dentifrício fluoretado) sobre todas as fissuras 3x/dia. Após o período experimental, coletou-se o biofilme acumulado para a avaliação do conteúdo de flúor. As fissuras foram seccionadas ao meio para a avaliação da microdureza em secção longitudinal a partir da superfície do esmalte, em 4 profundidades (10, 30, 50, 70 µm). O limite esmalte/material da região oclusal era a posição zero (borda do material) e, a partir deste, realizadas seqüências de impressões a 50, 150 e 500 µm interna e externamente à borda do material. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente (a= 5%). O teste de Friedman revelou que a concentração de flúor no biofilme não foi estatisticamente significante entre os grupos, (p<0,07), com uma tendência de melhores resultados para o CIVav. Quanto ao conteúdo mineral, a ANOVA e o teste de Tukey detectaram significância (p<0,05) para todos os grupos individualmente, na camada mais superficial do esmalte (10 µm). Nesta profundidade, não houve diferença entre os grupos. Essas comparações foram válidas para a maioria das distâncias analisadas. / This in situ study, developed in a 14-day period, aimed to evaluate the effect of two glass ionomer cements (GIC) compared to a resin sealant, employed for pit and fissure sealing on intact bovine enamel, with accumulation of dental biofilm, by analysis of the fluoride content on the dental biofilm and longitudinal microhardness. Eighty-eight enamel blocks (4mm x 4mm) of bovine incisors were employed, selected according to their initial microhardness value. The blocks formed a V-shaped artificial fissure that was sealed, constituting the following groups: GI - high-viscosity conventional GIC (Ketac? Molar Easymix); GII - resin-modified GIC (Vitremer?); GIII - resin sealant without fluoride (Helioseal? Clear); and GIV - control, without sealing. The artificial fissures were fixated on a palatal plate (PP), in two distinct rows, which were covered with a plastic screen to favor the accumulation of dental biofilm. Eleven volunteers employed the PP for 24h/day, dripped a 20% sucrose solution 8 times a day, and used a fluoridated dentifrice solution (3ml of deionized water : 1g of fluoridated dentifrice) on all fissures 3 times a day. After the study period, the accumulated biofilm was collected for evaluation of the fluoride content. The fissures were sectioned through the middle for evaluation of longitudinal microhardness from the enamel surface, at 4 depths (10, 30, 50, 70 µm). The enamel/material limit at the occlusal region was the zero position (material margin); from this point, indents were sequentially performed at 50, 150 and 500 µm internally and externally to the material margin. Data were statistically analyzed (a = 5%). The Friedman test revealed that the fluoride concentration in the biofilm was not statistically significantly different among groups (p<0.07), yet there was a tendency of better outcomes for the high-viscosity conventional GIC. With regard to the mineral content, the ANOVA and Tukey test revealed significance (p<0.05) for all groups individually, at the most superficial enamel layer (10 µm). At this depth, there was no difference among groups. These comparisons were valid for most distances analyzed..
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Ability of Caries Detection Methods to Determine Caries Lesion Activity

Aldawood, Fatma 12 1900 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Background: Non-cavitated caries lesions form due to acid diffusion and demineralization of enamel subsurface with an intact surface layer (SL). Caries lesions progress when the outcome of demineralization and remineralization processes over time is net mineral loss. Lesions that continue to demineralize are called active, while those that display no evidence of further demineralization are called inactive. Micro-computed-tomography (µCT) analysis provides objective non-destructive measurements of the thickness of the surface layer (SL) and severity of caries lesions. Aims: 1) To investigate if visual/tactile suspected active non-cavitated early white spot lesions present a thinner surface layer than inactive ones; 2) To investigate if there is an association between the thickness of the surface layer (SLT) and caries activity, as determined by QLF during dehydration (△QD); 3) To determine lesion severity by comparing lesion volume and maximum depth correlation with △Q value at 15 s from QLF during dehydration. Materials and Methods: Thirty extracted human premolars exhibiting non-cavitated approximal white spot early lesions stored in 0.1.-percent thymol/4C and treated with 5.0-percent NaOCl/30 min were included in the study. Fifteen active and 15 inactive lesions were determined by visual/tactile examinations by consensus of two experienced examiners. Roughness measurements (Ra) were acquired using non-contact optical profilometry. Two-dimensional minimum (2D-min), maximum (2D-max), average (2D-avg) SL and three-dimensional (3D) analyses, volume and depth of lesions were determined from µCT image analysis. A series of fluorescence images were acquired at baseline (hydrated), at 1 s, at 5 s, at 10 s and at 15 s by QLF. During image acquisition, surfaces were dehydrated with continuous-compressed-air. △Q and △Q/s (△QD) were calculated. Data were analyzed using two-sample t-tests and Pearson correlation coefficients (p < 0.05). Results: Surface roughness of active and inactive lesions was not significantly different (p > 0.08). Overall lesion volume and depth in dentin were significantly larger in active lesions (p = 0.022, p = 0.009). SL thickness of active and inactive lesions was not significantly different (2D = 0.121, 3D = 0.080, 2D-avg = 0.446, 2D-min = 0.197, 2D-max = 0.122). △QD at 1s was significantly larger for active lesions (p = 0.046). ΔQ at 15 s of dehydration had a moderate positive association with lesion volume (r = 0.56). △QD had a weak negative association with SL thickness (2D-avg) and (2D-min). Conclusions: 1) Active and inactive non-cavitated lesions show no difference in SL thickness; 2) QLF during dehydration (△QD) does not correlate well with SL thickness; 3) ΔQ at 15 s of dehydration correlates moderately well with lesion volume and is consistent with caries activity assessed by visual/tactile examination.
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Longitudinal In Vitro Effects of Silver Diamine Fluoride on Early Enamel Caries Lesions / Longitudinal Effects of SDF on Early Enamel Caries Lesions

Thompson Alcorn, Alice-Anne January 2020 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Objective: This study aimed to evaluate surface microhardness changes in early, incipient, non-cavitated white-spot, enamel caries lesions treated with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) longitudinally. The utilization of silver nitrate and potassium fluoride test groups served as additional controls to assist in evaluating if the remineralization effects were due to the silver or fluoride component in SDF. Hypotheses: 1. SDF treatment will result in increased surface microhardness of early, incipient, non-cavitated white-spot, enamel caries lesions compared to all other tested interventions. 2. Specimen storage for 2-weeks in artificial saliva will result in greater surface rehardening in lesions treated with SDF compared to other tested interventions. Design: This laboratory study had 5 intervention groups (SDF, silver nitrate (AgNO3), potassium fluoride (KF), 5.0-percent sodium fluoride varnish (FV), deionized water (DI)) × 2-time intervals after intervention (immediate & delayed pH-cycling), resulting in 10 groups (n = 18). Early, incipient, non-cavitated white-spot, enamel caries lesions were created in bovine enamel and extent of demineralization was determined using Vickers surface microhardness (VHNlesion). Intervention treatments were applied. Half the specimens from each group underwent immediate 5-day pH-cycling and half were stored in an incubator with artificial saliva for two weeks before undergoing 5-day pH-cycling. After pH-cycling, lesion hardness was evaluated using VHNpost. Specimens were then exposed to a second demineralization challenge and lesion softening was evaluated using VHNsecdem. Surface rehardening was calculated: ΔVHN =VHNpost - VHNlesion. Surface softening was calculated: ΔVHNsecdem =VHNsecdem – VHNpost. Data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Results: Immediately cycled, SDF had significantly (p < .0001) greater remineralization than DI, AgNO3, and FV. All delayed cycling groups had significantly (p < .0001) greater remineralization than FV. Significantly greater remineralization was noted in delayed AgNO3 (p < .0001), DI (p = .0003), and FV (p = .0006) compared to immediately cycled. After the second demineralization challenge, FV had significantly less surface softening than AgNO3 (p = 0.0002), DI (p = 0.0003), KF (p = 0.0225), and SDF (p = 0.0388) intervention groups. No significant difference was found between the pH-cycle timings. Conclusion: Based on our findings, FV maybe better suitable than SDF to treat early, incipient, non-cavitated white-spot, enamel caries lesions. Longitudinally, SDF exhibited greater remineralization than both FV and DI groups, though not statistically significant. However, upon a second demineralization challenge, FV significantly outperformed SDF in preventing surface softening. / 2021-09-30
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Prevalencija početnih karijesnih lezija i mogućnosti njihove terapije nakon fiksnog ortodontskog tretmana / The prevalence of initial carious lesions and the possibility of their therapy after fixed orthodontic treatment

Demko Rihter Ivana 12 September 2018 (has links)
<p>UVOD Početne karijesne lezije gleđi (bele mrlje) se defini&scaron;u kao područija demineralizovane gleđi, koja nastaju kao posledica neadekvatnog higijensko-dijetetskog režima. Prevencija belih mrlja je neophodna, kako bi se dobio maksimalan učinak terapije fiksnim ortodontskim aparatima. U prevenciji i terapiji belih mrlja se primenjuju preparati na bazi kazein- fosfopeptid &ndash; amorfnog kalcijum fosfata (CPP-ACP) i preparati na bazi fluorida. Ciljevi istraživanja su bili da se ispita prisustvo početnih karijesnih lezija gleđi, nakon tretmana fiksnim ortodontskim aparatima i da se istraži uspe&scaron;nost terapije početnih karijesnih lezija gleđi. MATERIJAL I METODE RADA U studiju je bilo uključeno 100 pacijenata, uzrasta od 15-50 godina, kod kojih je indikovana terapija fiksnim ortodontskim aparatima na Klinici za stomatologiju Vojvodine. Pacijenti su bili podeljeni u dve grupe, eksperimentalnu (pacijenti koji su koristili preparate na bazi kazein- fosfopeptid &ndash; amorfnog kalcijum fosfata i standardne preparate za oralnu higijenu) i kontrolnu (koji su koristili samo standardne preparate za oralnu higijenu). Analizirane su fotografije pacijenata napravljene pre početka tretmana, nakon uklanjanja fiksnih ortodontskih aparata i nakon terapije početnih karijesnih lezija. Formirana je baza podataka, koja je bila kori&scaron;ćena za potrebe ovog istraživanja, u okviru &bdquo;Onyxceph&ldquo; softverskog programa. U istraživanju se koristio upitnik, sastavljen većinom od pitanja zatvorenog tipa. REZULTATI Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je većina ispitanika bila ženskog pola (68%). Početne karijesne lezije su bile če&scaron;će dijagnostikovane kod mu&scaron;kog pola. Najveći broj pacijenata je bio iz grupe mlađeg odraslog doba (42%) i adolescenata (32%). Kod 73% pacijenata, koji su pro&scaron;li tretman fiksnim ortodontskim aparatima, dijagnostikovane su početne karijesne lezije zuba na kraju tretmana. Pacijenti koji su vi&scaron;e puta u toku dana konzumirali konditorske proizvode, u toku ortodontskog tretmana, su imali najvi&scaron;i procenat belih mrlja (87,5%). ZAKLJUČCI Potvrđene su obe hipoteze: 1. Prevalencija početnih karijesnih lezija gleđi nakon fiksne ortodontske terapije bila je vi&scaron;a od 60%, kod pacijenata koji su minimum godinu dana nosili fiksni ortodontski aparat. 2. Terapija belih mrlja preparatima Tooth Mousse (CPP-ACP) je dala značajno bolje rezultate, u odnosu na grupu ispitanika koji su koristiti samo standardna sredstva za održavanje oralne higijene. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata kliničkih istraživanja može se zaključiti da je prevalencija početnih karijesnih lezija gleđi proporcionalno veća kod pacijenata koji su imali slabiju oralnu higijenu u toku ortodontskog tretmana, u poređenju sa pacijentima koji su imali visoku svest o važnosti higijensko-dijetetskog režima. Primena Tooth Mousse pasta u tretmanu početnih karijesnih lezija gleđi od značajne je važnosti za remineralizaciju zubne gleđi. Dužina trajanja ortodontskog tretmana nije dovedena u direktnu vezu sa pojavom početnih karijesnih lezija gleđi.</p> / <p>INTRODUCTION The initial carious lesions (white spots) indicate an area of demineralization of enamel as a result of an inadequate hygiene-dietary regime. The prevention of white spots lesions (WSL) is necessary in order to obtain the maximum effect of the therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances. In the prevention and treatment of white spots, products based on casein-phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) are applied as well as preparations based on fluoride. The aims of the study were to examine the presence of initial carious lesions on the surface of the tooth after treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances and to assess the success of the therapy of initial caries lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 100 patients aged 15-50 who were treated with fixed orthodontic appliances, at the public Dentistry Clinic of Vojvodina. Patients were divided into two groups: experimental (patients who used Tooth Mousse paste and standard oral hygiene products) and control group (using only standard oral hygiene products). The photos of patients were made and analyzed in three stages of the study - before the beginning of the treatment, after the removal of fixed orthodontic appliances and after the therapy of initial caries lesions. Using the &quot;Onyxceph&quot; software program, the database was created, which was used for the purposes of this research. The questionnaire composed mostly of close-ended questions was used for the purpose of this survey. RESULTS The restates of this study indicated that a majority of respondents were female. (68%). The initial carious lesions were more commonly diagnosed in men. The majority of patients with WSL were in group of young adult people (42%) and adolescents (32%). In 73% of all patients who were treated with fixed orthodontic appliances, were diagnosed WSL on the end of the orthodontic treatment. Patients who consumed confectionery products several times during the day, during the orthodontic treatment, had the highest percentage of white spots lesions (87.5%). CONCLUSION Both hypotheses have been confirmed: 1.The prevalence of initial carious lesions of the tooth enamel after fixed orthodontic therapy was higher than 60% in patients who had fixed orthodontic appliances for at least a year. 2. White spot therapy with Tooth Mousse&#39;s products showed significantly better results compared to a group of subjects who only used standard oral hygiene products. On the basis of the obtained results of clinical trials, it can be concluded that the prevalence of initial caries lesions is proportionally greater in patients with lower oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment, compared to patients who had higher awareness of the importance of the hygiene-dietary regime. The use and application of Tooth Mousse paste in the treatment of initial carious lesion is vital for the re-mineralization of the enamel surface.</p>

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