Submitted by Bruno Schneider (bruno.sch@gmail.com) on 2014-05-08T17:46:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_bruno_schneider.pdf.pdf: 8019497 bytes, checksum: 70ff1fddb844b630666397e95c188672 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2014-05-13T12:56:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_bruno_schneider.pdf.pdf: 8019497 bytes, checksum: 70ff1fddb844b630666397e95c188672 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2014-05-14T19:44:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_bruno_schneider.pdf.pdf: 8019497 bytes, checksum: 70ff1fddb844b630666397e95c188672 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-14T19:45:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_bruno_schneider.pdf.pdf: 8019497 bytes, checksum: 70ff1fddb844b630666397e95c188672 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-21 / The combined use of algorithms for topic discovery in document collections with topic flow visualization techniques allows the exploration of thematic patterns in long corpus. In this task, those patterns could be revealed through compact visual representations. This research has investigated the requirements for viewing data about the thematic composition of documents obtained through topic modeling - where datasets are sparse and has multi-attributes - at different levels of detail through the development of an own technique and the use of an open source library for data visualization, comparatively. About the studied problem of topic flow visualization, we observed the presence of conflicting requirements for data display in different resolutions, which led to detailed investigation on ways of manipulating and displaying this data. In this study, the hypothesis put forward was that the integrated use of more than one visualization technique according to the resolution of data expands the possibilities for exploitation of the object under study in relation to what would be obtained using only one method. The exhibition of the limits on the use of these techniques according to the resolution of data exploration is the main contribution of this work, in order to provide subsidies for the development of new applications. / O uso combinado de algoritmos para a descoberta de tópicos em coleções de documentos com técnicas orientadas à visualização da evolução daqueles tópicos no tempo permite a exploração de padrões temáticos em corpora extensos a partir de representações visuais compactas. A pesquisa em apresentação investigou os requisitos de visualização do dado sobre composição temática de documentos obtido através da modelagem de tópicos – o qual é esparso e possui multiatributos – em diferentes níveis de detalhe, através do desenvolvimento de uma técnica de visualização própria e pelo uso de uma biblioteca de código aberto para visualização de dados, de forma comparativa. Sobre o problema estudado de visualização do fluxo de tópicos, observou-se a presença de requisitos de visualização conflitantes para diferentes resoluções dos dados, o que levou à investigação detalhada das formas de manipulação e exibição daqueles. Dessa investigação, a hipótese defendida foi a de que o uso integrado de mais de uma técnica de visualização de acordo com a resolução do dado amplia as possibilidades de exploração do objeto em estudo em relação ao que seria obtido através de apenas uma técnica. A exibição dos limites no uso dessas técnicas de acordo com a resolução de exploração do dado é a principal contribuição desse trabalho, no intuito de dar subsídios ao desenvolvimento de novas aplicações.

We used tweets to collect public discussion on organizations' activities during the specified Covid19 period. Through topic modeling, we were able to establish discussed topics in line with the organization's activities. Our research majored on tweets with matching hashtags W.H.O (world health organization) and coronavirus, covid19 or covid. We extracted five latent topics and explored the distribution or evolution of those topics over time. We were able to find people's opinions on hot topics (the period when a topic is mainly discussed); the hot topics reflect activities on the timeline of W.H.O during the specified period of the Pandemic. Our results show that the key topics are identified and characterized by specific events that happened during the specified period in our data. Our result describes the events that happened on the timeline of the W.H.O, showing the public opinion on each period a discussion is hot. It also shows how people's opinions revolve during the period. Our results will be helpful in identifying public sentiment on events, how people's opinion varies, and can also help understand different events of the organization based on the aim and objective of the event.

In this work, we leverage the recent developments in computer science to address several of the challenges in current literature-based discovery (LBD) solutions. First, LBD solutions cannot use semantics or are too computational complex. To solve the problems we propose a generative model OverlapLDA based on topic modeling, which has been shown both effective and efficient in extracting semantics from a corpus. We also introduce an inference method of OverlapLDA. We conduct extensive experiments to show the effectiveness and efficiency of OverlapLDA in LBD. Second, we expand LBD to a more complex and realistic setting. The settings are that there can be more than one concept connecting the input concepts, and the connectivity pattern between concepts can also be more complex than a chain. Current LBD solutions can hardly complete the LBD task in the new setting. We simplify the hypotheses as concept sets and propose LBDSetNet based on graph neural networks to solve this problem. We also introduce different training schemes based on self-supervised learning to train LBDSetNet without relying on comprehensive labeled hypotheses that are extremely costly to get. Our comprehensive experiments show that LBDSetNet outperforms strong baselines on simple hypotheses and addresses complex hypotheses.

A topic modeling method, smoothed Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is applied on a text corpus data of classical Swedish prose fiction. The thesis consists of two parts. In the first part, a smoothed LDA model is applied to the corpus, investigating how changes in hyperparameter values affect the topics in terms of distribution of words within topics and topics within novels. In the second part, two smoothed LDA models are applied to a reduced corpus, only consisting of adjectives. The generated topics are examined to see if they are more likely to occur in a text of a particular author and if the model could be used for identification of writing style. With this new approach, the ability of the smoothed LDA model as a writing style identifier is explored. While the texts analyzed in this thesis is unusally long - as they are not seg- mented prose fiction - the effect of the hyperparameters on model performance was found to be similar to those found in previous research. For the adjectives corpus, the models did succeed in generating topics with a higher probability of occurring in novels by the same author. The smoothed LDA was shown to be a good model for identification of writing style. Keywords: Topic modeling, Smoothed Latent Dirichlet Allocation, Gibbs sam- pling, MCMC, Bayesian statistics, Swedish prose fiction.

Fortnox takes in many errands via their support chat. Some of the questions can be hard to interpret, making it difficult to know where to delegate the question further. It would be beneficial if the process was automated to answer the questions instead of need to put in time to analyze the questions to be able to delegate them. So, the main task is to find an unsupervised model that can take questions and put them into topics. A literature review over NLP and clustering was needed to find the most suitable models and techniques for the problem. Then implementing the models and techniques and evaluating them using support chat questions received by Fortnox. The unsupervised models tested in this thesis were LDA and K-means. The resulting models after training are analyzed, and some of the clusters are given a label. The authors of the thesis give clusters a label after analyzing them by looking at the most relevant words for the cluster. Three different sets of labels are analyzed and tested. The models are evaluated using five different score metrics: Silhouette, AdjustedRand Index, Recall, Precision, and F1 score. K-means scores the best when looking at the score metrics and have an F1 score of 0.417. But can not handle very small documents. LDA does not perform very well and got i F1 score of 0.137 and is not able to categorize documents together.

Software maintenance and the understanding of where in the source code features are implemented are two strongly coupled tasks that make up a large portion of the effort spent on developing applications. The concept of feature location investigated in this thesis can serve as a supporting factor in those tasks as it facilitates the automation of otherwise manual searches for source code artifacts. Challenges in this subject area include the aggregation and composition of a training corpus from historical codebase data for models as well as the integration and optimization of qualified topic modeling techniques. Building up on previous research, this thesis provides a comparison of two different techniques and introduces a toolkit that can be used to reproduce and extend on the results discussed. Specifically, in this thesis a changeset-based approach to feature location is pursued and applied to a large open-source Java project. The project is used to optimize and evaluate the performance of Latent Dirichlet Allocation models and Pachinko Allocation models, as well as to compare the accuracy of the two models with each other. As discussed at the end of the thesis, the results do not indicate a clear favorite between the models. Instead, the outcome of the comparison depends on the metric and viewpoint from which it is assessed.

The Internet increases the demand for the development of commercial applications and services that can provide better shopping experiences for customers globally. It is full of information and knowledge sources that might confuse customers. This requires customers to spend additional time and effort when they are trying to find relevant information about specific topics or objects. Recommendation systems are considered to be an important method that solves this issue. Incorporating recommendation systems in online social networks led to a specific kind of recommendation system called social recommendation systems which have become popular with the global explosion in social media and online networks and they apply many prediction algorithms such as data mining techniques to address the problem of information overload and to analyze a vast amount of data. We believe that offering a real-time social recommendation system that can understand the real context of a user’s conversation dynamically is essential to defining and recommending interesting objects at the ideal time. In this thesis, we propose an architecture for a real-time social recommendation system that aims to improve word usage and understanding in social media platforms, advance the performance and accuracy of recommendations, and propose a possible solution to the user cold-start problem. Moreover, we aim to find out if the user’s social context can be used as an input source to offer personalized and improved recommendations that will help users to find valuable items immediately, without interrupting their conversation flow. The suggested architecture works as a third-party social recommendation system that could be incorporated with other existing social networking sites (e.g. Facebook and Twitter). The novelty of our approach is the dynamic understanding of the user-generated content, achieved by detecting topics from the user’s extracted dialogue and then matching them with an appropriate task as a recommendation. Topic extraction is done through a modified Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic modeling method. We also develop a social chat app as a proof of concept to validate our proposed architecture. The results of our proposed architecture offer promising gains in enhancing the real-time social recommendations.

The purpose of the thesis is i) to discover the latent topics of SDG13 and their coverage in news media ii) to investigate the share of OA and Non-OA articles and reviews in each topic iii) to compare the share of different OA types (Green, Gold, Hybrid and Bronze) in each topic. It imposes a heuristic perspective and explorative approach in reviewing the three concepts open access, altmetrics and climate action (SDG13). Data is collected from SciVal, Unpaywall, Altmetric.com and Scopus rendering a dataset of 70,206 articles and reviews published between 2014-2018. The documents retrieved are analyzed with descriptive statistics and topic modeling using Sklearn’s package for LDA(Latent Dirichlet Allocation) in Python. The findings show an altmetric advantage for OA in the case of news media and SDG13 which fluctuates over topics. News media is shown to focus on subjects with “visible” effects in concordance with previous research on media coverage. Examples of this were topics concerning emissions of greenhouse gases and melting glaciers. Gold OA is the most common type being mentioned in news outlets. It also generates the highest number of news mentions while the average sum of news mentions was highest for documents published as Bronze. Moreover, the thesis is largely driven by methods used and most notably the programming language Python. As such it outlines future paths for research into the three concepts reviewed as well as methods used for topic modeling and programming.

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Scholars have repeatedly contrasted the 1805 and 1850 versions of William Wordsworth’s The Prelude since the discovery and publication of the former by Ernest De Sélincourt in 1926. Points of contention have included the 1850 poem’s grammatical revisions and shifts toward greater political and religious orthodoxy. While these discussions have waned in recent decades, digital humanities tools allow us to revisit oft-debated texts through new lenses. Wanting to examine scholarly claims about The Prelude from a digital humanities perspective, I collaborated with Dr. Billy Hall to enter both versions of the poem into a data analysis and visualization tool, which displayed the results in topic-modeling outputs and most-frequent-words lists. The 1805 and 1850 topic modeling outputs were essentially identical to one another, suggesting either that scholars have overstated differences between the versions or that the themes of the poem may have evolved in ways not easily captured by my digital humanities methods. On the other hand, the most-frequent-words lists revealed some notable discrepancies between the two Preludes. One set of lists included articles, conjunctions, pronouns, and linking verbs (otherwise known as “stop words”), demonstrating, for instance, that the word “was” appeared with significantly less frequency in the 1850 Prelude. I found that other linking verbs also decreased in the 1850 Prelude, and this discovery prompted me to conduct a stylistic analysis of said verbs. Knowing that a raw statistical count of linking verbs in both texts would reveal only an incomplete portrait of Wordsworth’s shifting verb usage, I divided the verb revisions into two primary categories: replacements of linking verbs with dynamic verbs and descriptors, and removals of lines containing linking verbs. While scholars have previously highlighted the replacement of linking verbs with dynamic verbs and descriptors in the 1850 Prelude, these revisions only account for 30% of the 1850 linking verb revisions. In fact, the majority of linking verb revisions consist of removed 1805 lines. Many of these lines are declarative statements—the removal of which suggests that Wordsworth preferred, in some cases, a less prescriptive approach in the 1850 Prelude.