Étant donné que le mandarin est une langue dépourvue de morphologie verbale, il est difficile de démontrer l’existence du nœud T et de l’opposition entre la finitude et la non-finitude. Dans ce mémoire, nous analysons cette difficulté sous l’angle de l’interface sémantique-syntaxique. Suivant Klein (1998,2000), la finitude est porteuse de deux éléments sémantiques : le temps topique (TT) et l’assertion (AST). En mandarin, les particules d’aspect encodent le TT et l’AST. Les phrases déclaratives comprenant une particule d’aspect sont finies et les phrases déclaratives sans particule d’aspect sont non finies. En nous basant sur la structuration de la périphérie gauche (Rizzi 1997) révisée par Paul (2015) pour le mandarin, nous démontrons que les complétives déclaratives finies projettent jusqu’à TopicP, alors que les complétives déclaratives non finies projettent au TP. Le temps et la finitude ne sont pas fusionnés sous la même projection en mandarin. De plus, la finitude et la non-finitude s'analysent mieux en termes de distinction structurelle dans le cas du mandarin. / Since Mandarin is a language without verbal morphology, it is difficult to demonstrate the existence of the T-node and the opposition between finiteness and non-finiteness. In this thesis, we analyze this difficulty from the perspective of the semantic-syntactic interface. According to Klein (1998, 2000), finiteness is the carrier of two semantic elements: topic time (TT) and assertion (AST). In Mandarin, aspect particles encode TT and AST. Declarative sentences containing an aspect particle are finite and declarative sentences without an aspect particle are non-finite. Based on the left periphery structuring (Rizzi 1997) revised by Paul (2015) for Mandarin, we will demonstrate that finite declarative complements project to TopicP, while non-finite declarative complements project to TP. Time and finiteness are not assimilated under the same projection in Mandarin. Moreover, finiteness and non-finiteness are better interpreted via a structural distinction in the case of Mandarin.

<p>This work consists of two parts: the theoretical and the experimental. In the theoretical part, some general and some language specific theories of tense, aspect and aktionsart are presented, and the temporal systems of Swedish and Polish are compared. </p><p>The theoretical part is not a mere review of the literature on the subject. The comparison of the descriptions of aspect and aktionsart by Slavic researchers with the universal theory of Smith (1991) and (1977) and with description of aktionsart in Swedish in Teleman et al. (1999) has allowed me for some important observations as to the nature of the long-lasting dispute about the differences between aspect and aktionsart.</p><p>The experimental part is a cross-sectional study on the role of the linguistic context on the acquisition of the pluperfect by Polish learners Swedish as a foreign language. The informants are university students studying Swedish as a foreign language. The language samples were collected by means of two types of tests: gap-filling and translation from Polish. </p><p>Twelve linguistic factors, each divided into two subgroups, were hypothesised to have affected the correct use of the pluperfect. All those hypotheses as to which of the subgroups may inhibit and which may facilitate the correct use of the pluperfect are grounded in linguistic theories, i.e. presented in the form of linguistically-based discussions as to what kind of effect, facilitative or inhibiting, each of the linguistic factors may have had, and why. </p><p>The effect of those factors upon the correct use of the pluperfect has been tested by means of a step-wise multiple regression which measured the simultaneous effect of each factor upon the correct use of the pluperfect. This method has confirmed the facilitative effect of the following six linguistic factors: intrasentential indication of topic time (subordinate clause), unbounded verb indicating topic time, agentive meaning of the target verb, specifying subordinate clause, statal pluperfect and location of the time of action of pluperfect clause outside the temporal frame of narrative plot.</p>

This work consists of two parts: the theoretical and the experimental. In the theoretical part, some general and some language specific theories of tense, aspect and aktionsart are presented, and the temporal systems of Swedish and Polish are compared. The theoretical part is not a mere review of the literature on the subject. The comparison of the descriptions of aspect and aktionsart by Slavic researchers with the universal theory of Smith (1991) and (1977) and with description of aktionsart in Swedish in Teleman et al. (1999) has allowed me for some important observations as to the nature of the long-lasting dispute about the differences between aspect and aktionsart. The experimental part is a cross-sectional study on the role of the linguistic context on the acquisition of the pluperfect by Polish learners Swedish as a foreign language. The informants are university students studying Swedish as a foreign language. The language samples were collected by means of two types of tests: gap-filling and translation from Polish. Twelve linguistic factors, each divided into two subgroups, were hypothesised to have affected the correct use of the pluperfect. All those hypotheses as to which of the subgroups may inhibit and which may facilitate the correct use of the pluperfect are grounded in linguistic theories, i.e. presented in the form of linguistically-based discussions as to what kind of effect, facilitative or inhibiting, each of the linguistic factors may have had, and why. The effect of those factors upon the correct use of the pluperfect has been tested by means of a step-wise multiple regression which measured the simultaneous effect of each factor upon the correct use of the pluperfect. This method has confirmed the facilitative effect of the following six linguistic factors: intrasentential indication of topic time (subordinate clause), unbounded verb indicating topic time, agentive meaning of the target verb, specifying subordinate clause, statal pluperfect and location of the time of action of pluperfect clause outside the temporal frame of narrative plot.