Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. / Community engagement in universities of technology is evolving to become a game-changer in addressing the economic challenges of the country (Erasmus, 2005:4). Service learning (SL) as a form of community engagement is promoted in higher education, as a learning paradigm. Conway, Amel and Gerwien (2009:238) encourage enquiry into the benefits of this pedagogy and the partnerships involved, as faculties curriculate and adopt the service learning model into current programmes (Lazarus, Erasmus, Hendricks, Nduna & Slamat, 2008:60-61). The SL project of the Tourism Management Department at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) is distinctive in design from the generic social-change focussed projects within Universities of Technology (UoTs). Its outcomes are based on the development of business plans for small and medium enterprises for implementation. The assessment of this interactive learning process was essential to determine whether it yielded any positive change in the participants. Thus the aim of the study is to determine the success or otherwise of the service learning project, so as to ensure that the small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) community and students benefit from the Tourism Management project. The study sample included nine small and medium tourism entrepreneurs (SMTEs) and 178 third year tourism management students. From the sample two SMTEs participated in one-on-one interviews and six students participated in a focus-group interview. Action research was undertaken for this study, and census sampling was adopted to collect quantitative and qualitative data from project participants. The ATLAS.ti 7 data analysis programme was employed to process the qualitative data, and SPSS 22.0 software was utilised to develop frequency tables from the quantitative data. All data was triangulated to obtain conclusions. Fifty-two percent (52%) of student participants learnt leadership skills, with 64% indicating essential benefits on business skills. Company visions were shared throughout the collaborative process, and 76% of SMTE responses, directed to the students’ solutions, being highly innovative for their businesses; and these were implemented to improve business processes. The findings of the study attested to the SL model improving reciprocal learning, and having positive benefits for all partners involved. In continuing the essential dialogue on implementation of SL in higher education, sustainable partnerships in SL projects are essential to ensure continued positive results. The majority of participants responded positively to a willingness to participate in a similar project, which is a positive indicator of the benefits of the project. Implications for future studies point towards a need for continued monitoring of growth performance in the participating small and medium enterprises.

O presente estudo tem como objeto o aproveitamento da prova do Enade para qualificação científica e pedagógica de cursos de graduação em Turismo. Em outras palavras, busca identificar e analisar processos de mudança nos projetos pedagógicos e nas respectivas práticas pedagógicas e avaliativas decorrentes do processo analítico-interpretativo da prova e do correspondente relatório, conduzido pelas coordenações de curso. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa e exploratória, utiliza como técnica para a coleta de informações a entrevista semiestruturada, a qual girou em torno de quatro eixos: organização do processo operacional de análise, concepções de turismo subjacentes às questões, avaliação das questões de cunho geral e concepções pedagógicas e metodológicas igualmente subjacentes às questões. Operacionalmente definiu-se como recorte temporal e espacial, respectivamente, a prova de 2012 (não havia sido disponibilizado o relatório de 2015 quando se desenvolveu a investigação) e cursos de graduação em Turismo do Rio Grande do Sul que haviam participado do exame em suas três edições e cuja coordenação se disponibilizou a participar. Face aos critérios estabelecidos, entrevistaram-se coordenadores de quatro instituições, sendo elas de caráter público estatal, público comunitário e confessional. Na voz dos sujeitos entrevistados, a explicação aos alunos da natureza e importância da prova é uma ação comum a todos os cursos. Outras, porém se destacam com variações de percepções e formas de condução. Tem-se como exemplos, entre outros: análise do tipo da incidência de erros e das correspondentes competências requeridas para saná-los, confrontados com o projeto pedagógico do curso; prevalência de ações relativas à atualização de conteúdos pontuais; inserção, em avaliações, de questões modelo Enade; realização de simulados; solicitação aos professores de abordagem mais reflexiva dos conteúdos. No que tange à percepção de teorias científicas sobre o turismo subjacentes às questões, tende haver menção a aspectos implícitos nas teorias, sem que estas sejam explicitadas, tais como potencial de consumo nos segmentos de mercado, competitividade, elementos de infraestrutura e superestrutura, planejamento de turismo sustentável. De modo igual, do ponto de vista pedagógico, são pontuados positivamente elementos como questões sobre situações contextualizadas, exigência de posicionamento crítico, sem explicitação e detalhamento das respectivas bases teóricas e práticas cotidianas decorrentes. Analisada a prova pela pesquisadora, identificou-se a potencialidade de sua contribuição como instrumento avaliativo complementar para identificação e compreensão e desenvolvimento de operações cognitivas e metacognitivas relevantes ao processo de formação do turismólogo. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-09-27T16:21:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Thays de Oliveira Marcelino.pdf: 2543317 bytes, checksum: a58777816e7cb020f7162c0e626f289f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-27T16:21:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Thays de Oliveira Marcelino.pdf: 2543317 bytes, checksum: a58777816e7cb020f7162c0e626f289f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq. / The present study tackles the issue of performance in the national exam ENADE with special regard to scientific and pedagogical evaluation of undergraduate Leisure and Tourism courses. In other words, this study aims to identify and analyse changing processes in the pedagogical project as well as in evaluating practices resulting from an analytical-interpretative process of the referred exam and its ensuing report, conducted by the course supervisors. Methodologically, this exploratory and qualitative research is based on a interview-oriented survey, which centres itself around four axes: organisation of the operational process of analysis, concepts of tourism liable to proof, evaluation of the questions and methodological and pedagogical concepts. In terms of guidance, as the 2015 report had not yet been made available at the time of this investigation, the 2012 edition of the exam was selected along with Rio Grande do Sul-based undergraduate Leisure and Tourism courses which had participated in three previous editions of the aforementioned exam. Taking into consideration the established criteria, four course coordinators from different institutions were interviewed. Considering the interviewees' words, an in-depth look into the exam is a regular practice in all analysed courses. However, some stand out as far as how they vary in terms of perception and management. Some instances which illustrate the discussion are: analyses of error/mistake frequency and competences needed to solve them, especially when the pedagogical project of the course is taken into account; prevalence of actions concerning the update of specific contents; the use of ENADE-like questions in regular exams; offer of mock tests; an urge to encourage professors to take up a more critical approach. As far as Tourism scientific theories are concerned, there are mentions of implicit aspects of theories even if they are not made explicit as in consumption potential in market segmentation, competitivity, infrastructure and superstructure elements, and sustainable tourim planning. Similarly, from a pedagogical standpoint, some positive elements are highlighted in a positive light such as questions which centre themselves around contextualised situations and incentive to ensure critical thinking, without having to resort to explicitation and detailment of theoretical bases and everyday practices. Once the data is analysed by the researcher, the potentiality of the contribution is highlighted as a tool not only for evaluative purposes, but also complementary to identification and comprehension of cognitive and metacognitive operations which are relevant in the development of a tourismologist.

O presente estudo tem como objeto o aproveitamento da prova do Enade para qualificação científica e pedagógica de cursos de graduação em Turismo. Em outras palavras, busca identificar e analisar processos de mudança nos projetos pedagógicos e nas respectivas práticas pedagógicas e avaliativas decorrentes do processo analítico-interpretativo da prova e do correspondente relatório, conduzido pelas coordenações de curso. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa e exploratória, utiliza como técnica para a coleta de informações a entrevista semiestruturada, a qual girou em torno de quatro eixos: organização do processo operacional de análise, concepções de turismo subjacentes às questões, avaliação das questões de cunho geral e concepções pedagógicas e metodológicas igualmente subjacentes às questões. Operacionalmente definiu-se como recorte temporal e espacial, respectivamente, a prova de 2012 (não havia sido disponibilizado o relatório de 2015 quando se desenvolveu a investigação) e cursos de graduação em Turismo do Rio Grande do Sul que haviam participado do exame em suas três edições e cuja coordenação se disponibilizou a participar. Face aos critérios estabelecidos, entrevistaram-se coordenadores de quatro instituições, sendo elas de caráter público estatal, público comunitário e confessional. Na voz dos sujeitos entrevistados, a explicação aos alunos da natureza e importância da prova é uma ação comum a todos os cursos. Outras, porém se destacam com variações de percepções e formas de condução. Tem-se como exemplos, entre outros: análise do tipo da incidência de erros e das correspondentes competências requeridas para saná-los, confrontados com o projeto pedagógico do curso; prevalência de ações relativas à atualização de conteúdos pontuais; inserção, em avaliações, de questões modelo Enade; realização de simulados; solicitação aos professores de abordagem mais reflexiva dos conteúdos. No que tange à percepção de teorias científicas sobre o turismo subjacentes às questões, tende haver menção a aspectos implícitos nas teorias, sem que estas sejam explicitadas, tais como potencial de consumo nos segmentos de mercado, competitividade, elementos de infraestrutura e superestrutura, planejamento de turismo sustentável. De modo igual, do ponto de vista pedagógico, são pontuados positivamente elementos como questões sobre situações contextualizadas, exigência de posicionamento crítico, sem explicitação e detalhamento das respectivas bases teóricas e práticas cotidianas decorrentes. Analisada a prova pela pesquisadora, identificou-se a potencialidade de sua contribuição como instrumento avaliativo complementar para identificação e compreensão e desenvolvimento de operações cognitivas e metacognitivas relevantes ao processo de formação do turismólogo. / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq. / The present study tackles the issue of performance in the national exam ENADE with special regard to scientific and pedagogical evaluation of undergraduate Leisure and Tourism courses. In other words, this study aims to identify and analyse changing processes in the pedagogical project as well as in evaluating practices resulting from an analytical-interpretative process of the referred exam and its ensuing report, conducted by the course supervisors. Methodologically, this exploratory and qualitative research is based on a interview-oriented survey, which centres itself around four axes: organisation of the operational process of analysis, concepts of tourism liable to proof, evaluation of the questions and methodological and pedagogical concepts. In terms of guidance, as the 2015 report had not yet been made available at the time of this investigation, the 2012 edition of the exam was selected along with Rio Grande do Sul-based undergraduate Leisure and Tourism courses which had participated in three previous editions of the aforementioned exam. Taking into consideration the established criteria, four course coordinators from different institutions were interviewed. Considering the interviewees' words, an in-depth look into the exam is a regular practice in all analysed courses. However, some stand out as far as how they vary in terms of perception and management. Some instances which illustrate the discussion are: analyses of error/mistake frequency and competences needed to solve them, especially when the pedagogical project of the course is taken into account; prevalence of actions concerning the update of specific contents; the use of ENADE-like questions in regular exams; offer of mock tests; an urge to encourage professors to take up a more critical approach. As far as Tourism scientific theories are concerned, there are mentions of implicit aspects of theories even if they are not made explicit as in consumption potential in market segmentation, competitivity, infrastructure and superstructure elements, and sustainable tourim planning. Similarly, from a pedagogical standpoint, some positive elements are highlighted in a positive light such as questions which centre themselves around contextualised situations and incentive to ensure critical thinking, without having to resort to explicitation and detailment of theoretical bases and everyday practices. Once the data is analysed by the researcher, the potentiality of the contribution is highlighted as a tool not only for evaluative purposes, but also complementary to identification and comprehension of cognitive and metacognitive operations which are relevant in the development of a tourismologist.

Tourism is globally rated as the World's biggest industry by gross domestic product. In South Africa it is hoped that the tourism industry will show growth that will positively affect the economy of the country. In particular, as tourism is noted as a labour intensive industry, it is expected that growth in this sector will create many jobs. In order to support this growth this study examines the need for tourism tertiary education and in particular how the use of soft systems methodologies is able to guide the management team of a tertiary institution as it re-examines the responses of the institution to influences that surround tertiary tourism education. The problem of tertiary tourism education proves to be particularly complex and unstructured in that it requires the coordination of many traditional disciplines that are each able to contribute elements to the study of tourism. Stemming from conventional scientific method a tradition of isolationism has evolved whereby individual elements of the tourism system operate independently with little interaction with other elements. Systems thinking recognises the interdependence and interrelatedness of all the elements in a system not least human elements. Although traditionally excluded from study, the subjective values and beliefs of people are actively solicited by systems thinkers who propose that only by embracing these beliefs, in a value full inquiry, is it possible to establish a self learning and self modifying education system suited to the changing demands of a turbulent industry such as tourism. The primary purpose of this work is to use systems thinking to build and implement a framework for improvement by restructuring tourism education in a large tertiary institution. The research intends to plot the course of change and organisational learning as the tertiary institution endeavours to re-align itself to the ever changing requirements of its customers. The dissertation does not seek, nor does it find, a neat packaged solution to the messy problem of tertiary tourism education in KwaZulu-Natal. This is not in the nature of soft systems thinking, which is about inquiry and better ways of seeing, and not primarily about proving or disproving hypotheses. / Thesis (M.Com.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1999.

Mobile technologies have been adopted into education more and more. New hardware, such as smart phones and tablets, has increased the popularity of mobile technology. There are also many applications created for the fields of education and tourism. This research chose a travel application from Taiwan to apply into a tourism geographic course at the Taiwan Hospitality and Tourism College (THTC). A quasi-experiment design was applied to this study. Two classes/groups participated in the study. One class was the treatment group which used the travel app through teaching scenarios. The other group was the contrast group which used a lecture format with handouts. Both groups were given a pre-test to determine knowledge of Danongdafu Forest Park (DFP), and Taiwan tourism geography. A post-test was administered after eight weeks of teaching activities. Post intervention scores were compared to pre-intervention scores between the two groups. The results of ANOVA showed that there was no statistically significant learning difference between the treatment group and the contrast group. A paired-sample t-test analysis revealed that after eight weeks of teaching DFP content, both groups gained significantly in knowledge. Furthermore, the learning attitudes and interviews of the treatment group students indicated positive responses utilizing m-learning in teaching scenarios. Students indicated a desire to receive m-learning opportunities for future courses.

The purpose of this study is to examine hospitality and tourism students' attitudinal process shaping their intentions to work in the sustainable industry. The cognitive-affective-conative-attitude framework is used to examine students' intentions to work in the sustainable industry. This study proposes that intentions to work in the sustainable industry is as a result of students' satisfaction of and affective engagement with programs teaching sustainability courses. Sustainability knowledge, program perceptions and perceived value on sustainability education are identified as the factors impacting satisfaction and affective engagement. Four hundred sixty responses were collected from 14 institutions in the U.S. and Asia. A total of 342 responses were used to test the hypotheses. Factor analysis is used to identify the independent variables of the study, and multiple regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses. The results reveal that students´ satisfaction of programs teaching sustainability courses is as a result of their perceptions the program. Affective engagement with the programs teaching sustainability courses is as a result of their perceptions of the program and perceived value on sustainability education. The findings also provide evidence that affective engagement and program satisfaction are directly associated with intentions to work in the sustainable industry. Finally, the findings provide important implications to ensure sustainability is increasingly integrated into the hospitality and tourism curricula.

Educational Studies / DED (DIDACTICS)

Educational Studies / DED (DIDACTICS)

Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / The study was planned to investigate the relevance of the National Certificate Vocational tourism programme for the South African tourism industry in terms of the employability and skills required by tourism students to work in the tourism industry, once they graduated. The main objective of this study was to identify the challenges facing the National Certificate Vocational tourism programme, with sub-objectives focussing on the level of graduates’ employability, articulation from the National Certificate Vocational programme to higher education, as well as on the skills and abilities needed by National Certificate Vocational lecturers to teach in their specific field. The research was conducted in the form of an empirical survey to gather information using research questionnaires. A mixed methods approach, using both a quantitative and qualitative methodology, was employed to gather relevant data for the study. Qualitative questionnaires were distributed to a target population comprising conveniently selected National Certificate Vocational Tourism graduates (a total sample of 100), and National Certificate Vocational lecturers (a sample of 50 suitably qualified persons), at four Technical Vocational Education and Training colleges in the Western Cape. Personal interviews were conducted with ten conveniently selected tourism industry employers and role-players. Ten specifically identified representatives of tourism and government education departments and other government organisations were also part of the target population. The first part of the study looked at the history of Vocational Education and how it is practised in other countries. The history of the National Certificate Vocational programmes within South Africa is explained, as well as the challenges facing the National Certificate Vocational tourism qualification and its relevance to the tourism industry in South Africa. Results from the research suggested that National Certificate Vocational tourism students are only employable in small to medium micro enterprises (SMMEs) once they graduate. It was concluded that graduates would need more experience and practical knowledge to be employable in the wider tourism labour market. The results confirm that the updated National Certificate Vocational tourism curriculum is critically important to make the qualification more relevant to the South African tourism industry.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Masters in Management Sciences: Tourism and Hospitality Management, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017. / With the accelerating growth in the tourism industry and its anchorage in the service-industry, the utilisation of people is a valuable resource for a tourism organisation. There are increased pressures on educational institutions from the government and the tourism industry to produce employable graduates. Thus, it remains imperative that tourism organisations have access to a pool of human resources that possess the required knowledge, skills and attitudes. As a result, educational institutions build workplace learning (WPL) into tourism curricula to ensure the transferability of skills and a smoother transition for all stakeholders into the tourism industry. This study set out to determine the impact WPL has on a tourism student’s employability in the tourism industry. The literature highlights a number of key issues hindering the success of WPL for tourism graduate employability. These include, a lack of alignment of curriculum, supervision challenges and partnerships with the tourism industry. Using a mixed methodological approach comprising both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, comparisons among stakeholders’ perceptions and attitudes were conducted. The stakeholders are: tourism graduates from 2011-2014, academic supervisors and workplace supervisors in the tourism industry. Stakeholders’ perceptions of WPL structured the depth and sharpened understanding of the success as well as issues hindering the successful implementation of WPL and consequent unemployment. Among the main challenges were the placement of students and the inadequate feedback between stakeholders. The empirical findings underpinned effective communication as imperative in developing and maintaining quality partnerships for WPL. Among the many knock on benefits is the successful transfer of skills to tourism students. It is hoped that this research will contribute to the dearth of literature on tourism WPL and tackle salient gaps in tourism employability. / M