Tyrimo problema: kaip įvertinti marketingo taikymo galimybes turizmo informacijos centruose. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė naudojama ir anketinė apklausa. Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti marketingo taikymo ypatumus turizmo informacijos centruose. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti marketingo suvokimą bei taikymo galimybes turizmo informacijos centre remiantis: • vadovų įvertinimais; • darbuotojų, dirbančių pagal darbo sutartį, įvertinimais; • respondentų, savo pareigas turizmo informacijos centre nurodžiusių kaip „kita“ vertinimu. 2. Nustatyti marketingo principų bei reikšmės skirtingose įstaigos valdymo funkcijose galimybes remiantis: • vadovų įvertinimais; • darbuotojų, dirbančių pagal darbo sutartį, įvertinimais; • respondentų, savo pareigas turizmo informacijos centre nurodžiusių kaip „kita“ vertinimu. 3. Nustatyti marketingo taikymo svarbą planuojant, kuriant kokybišką paslaugą, analizuojant vaidmenį skirtingose turizmo informacijos centro paskirtyse, remiantis: • vadovų įvertinimais; �� darbuotojų, dirbančių pagal darbo sutartį, įvertinimais; • respondentų, savo pareigas turizmo informacijos centre nurodžiusių kaip „kita“ vertinimu. 4. Nustatyti kaip skiriamos lėšos įgyvendinant marketingą, kaip ir kas įgyvendina marketingą turizmo informacijos centre, ar siekia tobulėti remiantis: • vadovų įvertinimais; • darbuotojų, dirbančių pagal darbo sutartį, įvertinimais; • respondentų, savo pareigas turizmo informacijos centre nurodžiusių kaip „kita“ vertinimu. / Scientific problem: how to estimate the application of marketing possibilities in tourism information centres. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature and inquiry. Aim of research – analyse the peculiarities of application of marketing in tourism information centres. Goals of research: 1. To define the conception of marketing and its possibilities of application in tourism information centres while sustaining: • estimations of the chiefs; • estimations of the workers; • estimations other respondents of tourism information centres‘ staff. 2. To define the possibilities of marketing guidelines and import in different managing function of the institution while sustaining: • estimations of the chiefs; • estimations of the workers; • estimations other respondents of tourism information centres‘ staff. 3. To define the importance of application of marketing while planning, producing product of high quality, analysing the role in different tourism information missions while sustaining: • estimations of the chiefs; • estimations of the workers; • estimations other respondents of tourism information centres‘ staff. 4. To define how the allocation is used while implementing marketing, who and how implements the marketing in tourism information centres, whether seeks for improvement while sustaining: • estimations of the chiefs; • estimations of the workers; • estimations other respondents of tourism information centres‘ staff.

Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. / The reason for conducting this research was to evaluate the impact of information technology in the tourism industry, focusing mainly on tourism intermediaries, which include selected travel agencies and tour operators in Cape Town, and their awareness levels of the negative and positive impacts, as well as disintermediation that occurs owing to information technology developments. The research methodology for this thesis comprised a literature search and an empirical survey, which evaluated the impacts of information technology on tourism intermediaries in Cape Town. This research sought to establish whether disintermediation has occurred amongst travel agents and tour operators, whilst recognising strategies, which these tourism intermediaries can use to ensure survival in the competitive tourism industry. Relevant sources were referred to in the literature search. A number of appropriate normative measures were taken from the literature, followed by an empirical survey where randomly selected tourism intermediaries in Cape Town, namely small, medium to large companies were chosen to participate in the research questionnaire. The questionnaire responses were captured by the registered CPUT statistician in the form of frequency distribution analyses, and these were statistically analysed by the researcher and the registered statistician. The interpretations and findings of the statistical analyses were presented in tables and charts and were explained individually according to the statements' similarities, differences and verifications, as per the research questionnaire. A number of recommendations emanated from the literature sources and empirical survey, followed by concluding remarks in the form of conclusions.

Viešojo administravimo magistro baigiamojo darbo tema yra aktuali, kadangi Lietuvai įstojus į Europos Sąjungą vis svarbesnis šalies turizmo vaidmuo ne tik Europoje, bet ir kitose užsienio šalyse. Turizmo industrijos plėtra labai priklauso nuo informacinių paslaugų sistemos išvystymo, kuri skatina vietinį ir atvykstamąjį turizmą. Turizmo informacinių ir rinkodaros paslaugų plėtros išplėtojimą lemia ES struktūrinės paramos fondai, kurių dėka projektų įgyvendinimas yra būdas Lietuvos ir jos regionų mastu pagerinti viešąją turizmo infrastruktūrą. Spartėjant turizmo plėtrai ir turizmo informacijos sklaidai Lietuvoje, viena iš aktualių problemų yra viešosios turizmo informacinės infrastruktūros trūkumas Lietuvos regionuose. Tyrimo objektas – turizmo informacinių paslaugų sistema Lietuvoje ir užsienyje. Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti turizmo informacinių paslaugų sistemą viešajame sektoriuje. Hipotezė: Lietuvos miestuose ir rajonuose nėra tinkamai išplėtota viešoji turizmo informacijos infrastruktūra. Tyrimo metodika: mokslinės literatūros analizė, teisinių dokumentų analizė, statistinių duomenų analizė, anketinė apklausa, interviu, SSGG analizė. Teisiniai dokumentai reglamentuoja turizmo informacinių paslaugų sistemos organizavimą bei viešųjų įstaigų, teikiančių informacines paslaugas, steigimą. Lietuvoje turizmas prasideda nuo nacionalinio turizmo, kur turi būti išvystytas vietos turizmas, skatinantis užsienio turistus atvykti į Lietuvą. Tačiau siekiant tai įgyvendinti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Master thesis on public administration is very relevant since Lithuania joined European Union and tourism is taking a more sizeable role not only in Europe but also in other foreign countries. The expansion of tourism industry depends on information service system development, which promotes local and international tourism. The development of tourism information and marketing services determines the size of received support from EU’s structural funds. Implementation of such projects is the way to develop the public tourism infrastructure of Lithuania and its regions. While tourism business is expanding together with information’s about tourism penetration the remaining problem is the lack of public tourism information infrastructure in Lithuania regions. Investigation object – tourism information service’s system in Lithuania and abroad. Investigation purpose – to analyse information services system of tourism in public sector. Hypothesis: public tourism information infrastructure in Lithuania cities and regions is not properly developed. Methodology of investigation: analysis of scientific literature, analysis of law documents, analysis of statistical data, questionnaire, interview, SWOT analysis. Documents of law regulate the organization of tourism information services system and establishment of public institutions’ which provide information services. Lithuania’s tourism starts from national tourism, where local tourism has to be developed and promoted to tourists from... [to full text]

Wong Ka Ho. / Thesis submitted in: October 2005. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-170). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.2 / Acknowledgements --- p.5 / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1 --- Multi-modal and Multi-media --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2 --- Overview --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3 --- Thesis Goal --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis Outline --- p.15 / Chapter 2 --- Background --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1 --- Multi-modal Fission --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2 --- Multi-modal Data collection --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Collection Time --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Annotation and Tools --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Knowledge of Multi-modal Using --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3 --- Text-to-audiovisual Speech System --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Different. Approaches to Generate a Talking Heading --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Sub-tasks in Animating a Talking Head --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4 --- Modality Selection --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Rules-based approach --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Plan-based approach --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Feature-based approach --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Corpus-based approach --- p.30 / Chapter 2.5 --- Summary --- p.30 / Chapter 3 --- Information Domain --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1 --- Multi-media Information --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2 --- "Task Goals, Dialog Acts, Concepts and Information Type" --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Task Goals and Dialog Acts --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Concepts and Information Type --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3 --- User's Task and Scenario --- p.37 / Chapter 3.4 --- Chapter Summary --- p.38 / Chapter 4 --- Multi-modal Response Data Collection --- p.41 / Chapter 4.1 --- Data Collection Setup --- p.42 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Multi-modal Input Setup --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Multi-modal Output Setup --- p.43 / Chapter 4.2 --- Procedure --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Precaution --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Recording --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Data Size and Type --- p.50 / Chapter 4.3 --- Annotation --- p.52 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Extensible Multi-Modal Markup Language --- p.52 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- "Mobile, Multi-biometric and Multi-modal Annotation" --- p.53 / Chapter 4.4 --- Problems in the Wizard-of-Oz Setup --- p.56 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Lack of Knowledge --- p.57 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Time Deficiency --- p.57 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Information Availability --- p.58 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Operation Delay --- p.59 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Lack of Modalities --- p.59 / Chapter 4.5 --- Data Optimization --- p.61 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Precaution --- p.61 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Procedures --- p.61 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Data Size in Expert Design Responses --- p.63 / Chapter 4.6 --- Analysis and Discussion --- p.65 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Multi-modal Usage --- p.67 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Modality Combination --- p.67 / Chapter 4.6.3 --- Deictic term --- p.68 / Chapter 4.6.4 --- Task Goal and Dialog Acts --- p.71 / Chapter 4.6.5 --- Information Type --- p.72 / Chapter 4.7 --- Chapter Summary --- p.74 / Chapter 5 --- Text-to-Audiovisual Speech System --- p.76 / Chapter 5.1 --- Phonemes and Visemes --- p.77 / Chapter 5.2 --- Three-dimensional Facial Animation --- p.82 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Three-dimensional (3D) Face Model --- p.82 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- The Blending Process for Animation --- p.84 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Connectivity between Visemes --- p.85 / Chapter 5.3 --- User Perception Experiments --- p.87 / Chapter 5.4 --- Applications and Extension --- p.89 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Multilingual Extension and Potential Applications --- p.89 / Chapter 5.5 --- Talking Head in Multi-modal Dialogue System --- p.90 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Prosody --- p.93 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- Body Gesture --- p.94 / Chapter 5.6 --- Chapter Summary --- p.94 / Chapter 6 --- Modality Selection and Implementation --- p.98 / Chapter 6.1 --- Multi-modal Response Examples --- p.98 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Single Concept-value Example --- p.99 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Two Concept-values with Different Information Types --- p.102 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Multiple Concept-values with Same Information Types Example --- p.103 / Chapter 6.2 --- Heuristic Rules for Modality Selection --- p.105 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- General Principles --- p.106 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Heuristic rules --- p.107 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Temporal Coordination for Synchronization --- p.109 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Physical Layout --- p.110 / Chapter 6.2.5 --- Deictic Term --- p.111 / Chapter 6.2.6 --- Example --- p.111 / Chapter 6.3 --- Spoken Content Generation --- p.113 / Chapter 6.4 --- Chapter Summary --- p.115 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusions and Future Work --- p.117 / Chapter 7.1 --- Summary --- p.117 / Chapter 7.2 --- Contributions --- p.118 / Chapter 7.3 --- Future work --- p.119 / Chapter A --- XML Schema for M3 Markup Language --- p.123 / Chapter B --- M3ML Examples --- p.128 / Chapter C --- Domain-Specific Task Goals in the Hong Kong Tourism Do- main --- p.131 / Chapter D --- Dialog Acts for User Request in the Hong Kong Tourism Do- main --- p.133 / Chapter E --- Dialog Acts for System Response in the Hong Kong Tourism Domain --- p.137 / Chapter F --- Information Type and Concepts --- p.141 / Chapter G --- Concepts --- p.143 / Bibliography --- p.149

<p>Implementeringen av tredje generationens mobila nät (3G) har lett till att nya användningsområden skapats inom mobila tjänster. Bandbreddens ökade kapacitet gör det nu möjligt att skicka betydligt större mängder information än i tidigare mobila nät. Detta har även medfört att nya tjänster skapats för 3G-mobiltelefoner. Ett område under utveckling är mobil turistinformation. Mobila Guiden är en mobil turistapplikation som TelecomCity i Karlskrona tagit fram. Det är en guide över världsarvet i staden som presenteras på en 3G-mobitelefon. Användarna får en karta över Karlskrona centrum med olika besökspunkter som innehåller information i form av text, bilder och ljud.</p><p>Det finns dock vissa problem när det gäller mobiltelefoner. Den förhållandevis lilla skärm som de har gör informationspresentationen komplicerad. Det är svårt att designa program som tillfredsställer användarna. Inom databranschen har Human Computer Interaction och andra områden inom gränssnittsdesign studerats men när det gäller de betydligt mindre skärmar som en mobiltelefon har så är forskningen inte lika långt framskriden</p><p>Syftet med detta arbete är att utifrån ett användarperspektiv analysera och identifiera hur en mobil applikation för 3G-nätet som presenterar turistinformation bör designas för att intressera och tilltala användaren. Fokus ligger på att applikationer av denna art i framtiden skall tilltala ett brett användarkollektiv. Resultatet av vårt arbete skall ge normativ kunskap och ses som ett vetenskapligt bidrag i utvecklingen av framtidens informationspresentation i mobila nät.</p><p>Studien påbörjades med en genomgång av befintlig litteratur. Sedan genomfördes en fallstudie med kvalitativa intervjuer för projektet Mobila Guiden i Karlskrona samt en fokus-gruppsdiskussion. Vi använde sedan en avslutande surveyundersökning för att få kvantitativa åsikter om gränssnittet i applikationen. Utfallen från intervjuer, fokusgrupp och surveyundersökningen analyserades sedan i förhållande till utvald teori.</p><p>En mobil turistapplikation måste presentera ett brett informationsutbud som exempelvis en karta med sevärdheter, mat, boende och evenemang för att tillfredsställa användarna. Användbarheten bör vara av sådan art att det skapas en dialog mellan applikation och användare. Användaren måste även få feedback och information om hur programmet används. Färgvalen bör också noga beaktas då tydlighet är ett måste på en liten skärm. Individuella inställningar för bildspel, textstorlek och ljud bör finnas tillgängliga. För att användarna ska vara nöjda med applikationen bör också helhetskvalitén runt tjänsten vara tillfredsställande.</p> / <p>The implementation of the third generation of mobile networks (3G) has led to a creation of new areas of use within mobile services. Increased capacity of the bandwidth has made it possible to send a considerable amount more data than in the predecessors of 3G. It has also led to new services within 3G. One area which is under development is mobile tourism information. Mobila Guiden is a mobile tourismapplication which TelecomCity, Karlskrona, has developed. It is a guide over the world heritage in the city which is presented on a 3G mobile phone. The user is presented with a map over Karlskrona City on a mobile phone with different points of interest. These points include information in the form of text, pictures and sound about the object.</p><p>Certain negative aspects regarding mobile phones surface under the discussion. The screens on mobile phones are relatively small which makes information presentation complicated. It is hard to design the user interface for applications so that the users becomes satisfied. Within the computer industry, Human Computer Interaction and other areas concerning user interface has been studied, but when it comes to the small screens of mobile phones the research is not that widespread.</p><p>The aim of this report is that from a user perspective, analyze and identify how a mobile application for the 3G-network that presents tourism information should be designed to satisfy user needs. We focus on that applications of this kind in the future should appeal to a broad customer base. The result of this report will give normative knowledge and be regarded as an academic contribution in the future development of information presentation in mobile networks.</p><p>Our investigation began with a study regarding existing literature. Thereafter a case study with qualitative interviews relating to Mobila Guiden in Karlskrona took place along with a focus group meeting later on. We finally used a survey to get quantitative data regarding opinions of the user interface of the application. The results of the empirical study were then analyzed in relation to appropriate theories.</p><p>A mobile tourism application must present a broad range of information to satisfy the users, for example: a map with sights worth seeing, restaurants, hotels and happenings. The usability should consist of the creation of a dialogue between the application and the user. The user must receive feedback and information on how to use the application. The choice of colour should be taken under consideration since the screen size makes it imperative that the user interface is clear and easy to understand. It should also be possible to make individual adjustments regarding the speed of a picture slideshow, font size and sound.</p>

Turizmo paslaugų kokybės poveikis jų konkurencingumui. Sunku įvertinti nuostolius, patiriamus dėl blogos kokybės. Tai papildomos išlaidos klaidoms taisyti, darbo laiko dėl blogo procesų organizavimo švaistymas ir, žinoma, galimybių praradimas, įmonės reputacijos blogėjimas, klientų praradimas. Nuostolių dėl blogos kokybės eliminavimas yra galimybė sumažinti paslaugos kūrimo bei teikimo išlaidas ir pasiekti didesnį veiklos efektyvumą. Didėjantis turizmo verslo vaidmuo tiek pasaulio, tiek šalies ekonomikoje verčia naujai pergalvoti šios ekonomikos šakos svarbą ir vaidmenį šalies ekonominiame augime ir pasverti, ar viskas yra daroma iš turizmo organizatorių pusės, kad būtų adekvačiai atsakyta į globaliniu mastu keliamą iššūkį toliau efektyviai plėtoti šį verslą ir maksimaliai išnaudoti jo teikiamas galimybes šalies gerovei kelti. Lietuvoje turizmo informacijos centruose vis dar pasitaiko įvairių nemalonių netikėtumų, dėl kurių turizmo informacijos centrų klientai vis dar nesulaukia jiems norimų – kokybiškų paslaugų. Turizmas yra itin plati sritis, todėl turizmo informacijos centro darbuotojams yra tikras iššūkis ne tik žinoti, bet ir perteikti šalies kultūrą, apgyvendinimo bei transporto galimybes, turizmo išteklius ir jų ypatumus bei daug kitos informacijos, todėl kokybiškos turizmo informacijos teikimas – tai nauja galimybė įgyvendinti klientų lūkesčius bei poreikius ir prisidėti prie Lietuvos turizmo plėtros. Šio darbo tikslas - išanalizuoti ir įvertinti VšĮ „Kelmės turizmo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The influence of tourism service quality to competitiveness. It is difficult to evaluate losses, suffered due to bad quality. This means extra expenses to correct the mistakes, wasting time due to inappropriate processing of work organization and losing opportunities and decreasing the enterprise image and loss of customers. The elimination of losses, caused by bad quality, means lower expenses of making a service and achieving better effectiveness of the work. The increasing importance of the tourism business in the world and country markets, makes us re-think the role of this business and ensure that everything is done to continue its spread effectively and maximize the use of its opportunities in the global world to improve the life quality. Customers of Lithuanian tourism information centers still face the different matters of inappropriate service quality. Tourism is a very wide field, so the employees of these Centers have to have the abilities to convey the country culture, accommodation and transport possibilities, tourism resources and their uniqueness and plenty of other information. So, the good quality services may help to implement the expectations and needs and contribute to the spread of Lithuania tourism. The goal of this works is to analyze and evaluate the Public Institution „Kelme Tourism and Business Information Centre“ services, define the improvement methods and possibilities of increasing its competitiveness. The tasks of this work are: describe the... [to full text]

The effectiveness of tour destination selection is dependent on pre-visit information sources. As competition increases in the tourism industry, destination organisations need to improve current destination selection processes. Research on current processes indicate that information sources accessed by potential tourists when making travel decisions may not be a true reflection of what the destination is offering. Any negative difference between perceived images during pre-visit and real images during the actual visit may result in poor destination reputation and dissatisfied customers. This research addresses this gap by improving the process of destination selection using a real-time data streaming mediation technique as an additional pre-visit information source. The researcher adopted a social-technologist research paradigm and a design-science approach. The research process was executed in three phases; the first phase focused on gathering knowledge on destination selection and pre-visit information sources. The findings in Phase 1 were used in Phase 2 to develop and test the performance of a prototype. Phase 3 involved the evaluation of the prototype tool in a real-world setting. One of the main outcomes of this research is the development of a destination selection framework using real-time data streaming mediation and a tool (http://www.tourcamportal.com) as proof of concept. This research has shown that real-time images are valuable pre-visit information sources when making travel decisions. Real-time images authenticate destination attractions, provide real-time availability of destinations, reduce speculations on destination attractions, and provide actual representations of destinations. The findings of this study contribute the body of knowledge and practice in the tourism sector and provide new areas for further research. / Computing / D. Phil. (Information Systems)

Travel vloggers are a relatively new phenomenon that appeared around 2016. These are travelers who share their experiences in a video format, mostly on YouTube. Whereas their motives might be out of self interest - in reality they market the destination they are in, drawing attention to new potential destinations for the viewer. The aim of this study is to examine the relevance of travel vloggers as a tourist research method. More specifically regarding tourists visiting Georgia, if travel vloggers are beeing used before departure, if it influences the tourists' perception of Georgia and what they want to experience when they visit. The study also intends to examine what travel vloggers show in their videos of Georgia. To analyze the results theories regarding guided tourism, cognitive distance and youth tourism will be used. The results indicate that travel vloggers are established as a tourist research method and that it does affect what tourist want to experience when they visit. It also shows that travel vloggers show what is considered not typical tourist attractions, differentiating them from more traditional means of research. The results could be linked with the theories regarding guided- and youth tourism, however not with cognitive distance.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Tourism is emerging as one of the most important socio-economic sectors for developing as well as developed countries. Tourism incorporates features of the information society such as globalisation, mobility, and information reach and richness. A national Tourist Office or as commonly referred to Destination Marketing Organization is the core tourism product of any nation. The new forms of ebusiness are offering major opportunities for all tourism destinations and suppliers, whether large or small, to improve their business and remodel such in a more cost-effective manner. The study discusses the impact and existing relationship between ICT and tourism as an emerging ecommerce sector in the Zambian tourism industry. It focuses on the tremendous changes in consumer expectations for the Zambia tourism sector caused by the impact ofInternet revolution. The World Wide Web through Information and Communication Technology (lCT) is the driving force that is changing the tourism landscape and affecting the production, distribution and consumption of its products. This symbiotic relationship existing between ICT and the tourism sector provides an opportunity for the Zambian tourism industry to create a competitive advantage for the 21st century. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Toerisme kom as een van die belangrikste sosio-ekonomiese sektore in beide ontwikkelende sowel as ontwikkelde lande voor. Kenmerke van die inligtings-gemeenskap soos globalisasie, mobiliteit, inligtings-toegang, -reikafstand en -rykheid word ook in toerisme aangetref. Die kern toerisme-produk van enige nasie is 'n nasionale Toeriste Buro of, soos algemeen verwys word, 'n Bestemming Bemarkings Organisasie (BBO). Toerisme bestemmings en verskaffers, klein of groot, word vele geleenthede aangebied om ten middele van nuwe vorme van e-handel hulle besighede op koste-geskikte manier te verbeter en te hervorm. Die studie bespreek die impak van en die bestaande verwantskap tussen Inligtings en Kommunikasie Teknologie (IKT) en die toerisme-bedryf in die Zambiese toerisme industrie as 'n ontwikkelende e-handel sektor. Daar word hoofsaaklik op die geweldige impak van die Internet-revolusie op verbruikersverwagtinge in die Zambiese toerisme bedryf gefokus. Deur middel van IKT word die Wereld-Wye Web (WWW) die dryfkrag wat die toerisme landskap verander en die produksie, verspreiding en verbruik van sy produkte beïnvloed. Die wedersydse verwantskap tussen IKT en die toerisme sektor verskaf 'n geleentheid vir die Zambiese toerisme industrie om 'n mededingende grondslag vir die 21ste eeu te skep.

Thesis (DTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / Prior studies have shown that the information communication technology sector worldwide is perceived as a transformative and enabling tool for the other economic activities to improve citizens’ lives. In a Rwandan context, information communication technology integration in economic sector activities such as tourism, with the adoption of a value chain approach, is thought to be an answer to a number of social and economic challenges, including unemployment, customer care services, and poor information knowledge. In combination with the tourism sector, it is possible that job creation opportunities could benefit unemployed Rwandans, particularly the young, where information communication technology is identified as a business in itself, and an enabling tool to improve inter-economic and crosscutting activities in a growing economy. Despite mixed results from various studies, information communication technology for a tourism village could be an enabling tool for national and regional development, if priority focus on ICT and tourism quality infrastructures is maintained. Research on the evolving nature of the information communication technology sector, through tourism activities in Rwanda, could yield many off-farm jobs besides solely agrarian activities. The study was conducted on an extensive scale, in order to facilitate the generalisation of the results, employing 720 tourism stakeholders’ surveys, ten interviews with government tourism officials, and ten focus group discussions to garner both quantitative and qualitative data. A mixed research method was used to minimise possible research bias and maximise the accuracy of the findings in the four provinces and Kigali City in Rwanda. Of the 720 questionnaires distributed, 615 were usable. Regarding the interviews with government officials, focus group discussions, field observations and secondary data analysis, the researcher found that the information communication technology contribution to tourism stakeholders’ economic lives was at variance with residents’ perceptions in the provinces and districts, and contradicted the information communication technology benefits of connectivity, internet accessibility and usability in their locality. It was also confirmed that information communication technology contributions to tourism stakeholders were at a very low level, where the contribution was limited to telephone subscriptions and their uses, for example for mobile money transfers. The future of information communication technology contributions to tourism stakeholders is positive, if integrated value chain approaches are adopted to benefit poor communities at a tourist destination being visited. A model of an information communication technology village for the development of a tourism village is proposed. This could serve as a catalyst to measure the impacts on both the information communication technology and tourism sectors discussed in this study. More importantly, it was clearly found that the culture of approaching local communities in the process of policy drafting, or any developmental programme, is not present in Rwanda, and this was shown as a critical issue because of the costly nature of implementation of changes. Consequently, this study found that there was potential to support projections for information communication technology policies to achieve the objectives of sustainable development through tourism, promoting rural development, and a reduction of poverty in general / Rwandan Government, through the Ministry of Education