Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-08-16T12:16:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Natália de Sousa Aldrigue_.pdf: 3519079 bytes, checksum: 8e57e5bd88cb1472317f5fadb612a0ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-16T12:16:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Natália de Sousa Aldrigue_.pdf: 3519079 bytes, checksum: 8e57e5bd88cb1472317f5fadb612a0ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-29 / Nenhuma / Neste estudo, examinamos as práticas turísticas sob o enfoque comunicacional, no contexto da midiatização, por meio do estudo de casos do site Tripadvisor e da página Trip Tips, com o objetivo de observar como tais práticas vêm sendo modificadas e permeadas por operações midiáticas e por suas lógicas. O problema de pesquisa eleito está centrado na seguinte questão: como se organizam e funcionam as práticas turísticas no contexto de midiatização complexificada? Para tanto, foram desenvolvidos os seguintes capítulos: a) estudo da arte, no qual observamos estágio, ângulos e questões sobre as pesquisas na área do turismo; b) construção de um marco teórico a partir do exame de elementos que caracterizam a “sociedade dos meios” e a “a sociedade em vias de midiatização”, buscando-se a construção de um quadro conceitual do momento atual, no qual se manifestam processos crescentes de miditização e suas afetações sobre as práticas sociais diversas, como é o caso das práticas turísticas; c) o trabalho empírico-conceitualizante, que passa pela construção de um olhar metodológico, visando à eleição dos procedimentos e ao trabalho de análise das duas práticas escolhidas como casos. Dessa forma e com base, principalmente, nas ideias de Braga (2006, 2012), Fausto Neto (2008, 2010, 2012, 2015), Gomes (2012, 2014) e Verón (1997, 2004, 2014), concluímos que as práticas turísticas estão sendo afetadas pelo cenário da midiatização, em que nos encontramos atualmente. / In this study, we examine the tourist practices under the communicational approach, in the context of the mediatization, studying the Tripadivisor cases and also Trip Tips website, in order to observe how practices has been modified and permeated by mediatization operations and its logics. The problem of our research involves the following question: how to organize and operate tourist practices in the context of complexified mediatization? Then, the chapters that were developed consists in: a) study of the art, in which we observe stage, angles and questions about the research in tourism area; b) the construction of a theoretical point of view from the examination of elements that characterize the "media society" and the "developing society of mediatization", trying to find out the construction of a conceptual framework of the current moment, in which manifest the growing of mediatization processes and their several affectations involving the social practices several affectations, such as the case of tourist practices; c) the empirical work through the construction of a methodological, aim to look to the election procedures and the analysis of two practices chosen as cases. Based on this, primarily on the ideas of Braga (2006, 2012), Fausto Neto (2008, 2010, 2012, 2015), Gomes (2012, 2014) and Verón (1997, 2004, 2014) we conclude that tourist practices are being affected by the setting of the mediatization coverage that we are today.

Esta tese aborda as interações entre os temas paisagem, água e Turismo. A partir da abordagem geográfica, considera-se as complexidades inerentes ao fenômeno turístico, conjugando interdependências globais, heterogeneidade de sujeitos e diversidade de práticas, na busca pela compreensão da natureza e evolução dos locais turísticos e da sua integração com outras funções e mobilidades nos territórios. O vasto arcabouço simbólico e de usos sociais relacionados à água são retomados com o intuito de revelar as relações das sociedades com os espaços geográficos onde o componente hídrico, sob distintas formas e manifestações, desempenha um papel importante. O objetivo geral é analisar as percepções, representações e práticas que emergem nessa relação das sociedades contemporâneas com as paisagens de água, sob o prisma do Turismo. Sendo o campo de investigação a Laguna dos Patos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, são as paisagens lacustres que são tomadas como foco desse trabalho, sob o recorte espacial de quatro municípios – São Lourenço do Sul, Pelotas, Rio Grande e São José do Norte – entre outubro de 2016 e março de 2018. Ao compreender a paisagem como um processo de mediação sociocultural dos indivíduos e sociedades com o espaço geográfico, parte-se dos conhecimentos e das práticas dos sujeitos, a partir de suas narrativas de experiências junto às paisagens lacustres e relacionadas ao Turismo. Nessa perspectiva, emerge o problema da pesquisa: de que forma o Turismo se relaciona com as paisagens lacustres? Para tanto, objetiva-se interrogar os sentidos e valores atribuídos a essas paisagens, e conhecer o cenário atual das práticas, espaços e dinâmicas turísticas nessas localidades. Ainda, busca-se discutir as expectativas e potencialidades, as tensões e limitações na interação entre paisagens lacustres e Turismo, trazendo proposições de ação nesses encontros, em especial no campo em estudo. O Paradigma da Complexidade de Edgar Morin e as aproximações interdisciplinares entre a Geografia e o Turismo sustentam a presente iniciativa de interpretar as paisagens lacustres em suas múltiplas dimensões e funcionalidades, pautando-se na adoção de instrumentos de pesquisa qualitativos como a entrevista-episódica e a observação não participante. As leituras das paisagens lacustres associam-se ao tema do patrimônio, desvelando múltiplos sentidos e valores atribuídos pelos sujeitos à Laguna dos Patos, onde a água assume papel articulador na relação dessas sociedades com o espaço geográfico. A inserção do Turismo em um continuum re-criativo e de múltiplas mobilidades que caracterizam a sociedade contemporânea global são manifestadas na escala local e regional, por meio de múltiplas (re)conexões entre práticas turísticas e não turísticas, nas mutações das dinâmicas e funções dos espaços e na articulação dos sujeitos do Turismo. Ao revelar as diversidades e identidades das paisagens lacustres, sob múltiplos pontos de vista, emergem conhecimentos aprofundados sobre esses territórios e suas transformações espaciais e temporais, contribuindo com a tomada de consciência e com a (re)valorização do patrimônio paisagístico e suas possibilidades de (re)interpretação pelo Turismo. Novas formas de relações das sociedades contemporâneas com as paisagens lacustres são desveladas ao se questionar as diferentes formas de apropriação e uso das margens lacustres pela função turística. Uma teia de desafios emerge como condição às apropriações turísticas das paisagens lacustres, como as questões relacionadas à qualidade das águas e dos ecossistemas associados, à acessibilidade e à visibilidade das paisagens, e à democratização das práticas e dos usos dos espaços. / This work addresses the interactions between the following: landscape, water and Tourism. Starting from a geographical standpoint, we must take into account the complexities inherent to the Tourism phenomenon, which combines global interdependence, the heterogeneous nature of agents and the wide array of practices while seeking to understand the development of tourist locations, as well as their integration with other functions and mobilities across territories. The vast structure of symbols and social uses related to water are retaken with the purpose of revealing the relationships between societies and geographical areas where water elements, with their various forms and manifestations, play an essential role. The general objective is to analyze the perceptions, representations and practices emerging from this relationship between contemporary societies and water landscapes, from the perspective of Tourism. The field of research being Laguna dos Patos, a lagoon located in the state of Rio Grande Sul, Brazil, this work shall be concentrated on these lake landscapes, focusing primarily on four municipalities (São Lourenço do Sul, Pelotas, Rio Grande e São José do Norte) during a period of time ranging from October 2016 to March 2018. By perceiving landscapes as a social-cultural mediation process involving individuals/societies and geographic areas, the starting point is defined as the knowledge and practices held by individuals, resulting from the narratives of their experiences involving such lake landscapes in relation with Tourism. Within such perspective, the question raised by the research is unveiled: in what way is Tourism related to lake landscapes? In order to address this question, we must enquire about the meanings and values attributed to these landscapes, as well as get to know the current scenario of all tourism-related dynamics, spaces and practices in these locations. Moreover, this work intends to discuss expectations and potentialities, tensions and limitations inherent to the relationship between lake landscapes and Tourism, generating proposals for action concerning this relationship, especially with regard to the field of study addressed herein. Edgar Morin's Complexity Paradigm and multi-disciplinary approaches involving Geography and Tourism support the initiative to interpret lake landscapes taking into account their multiple dimensions and functionalities, based on the adoption of qualitative research instruments such as the episodic interview technique and non-participant observation. The interpretations of these lake landscapes are associated with the concept of heritage, revealing the multiple meanings and values attributed by individuals to Laguna dos Patos, where the water take on an articulating role in the relationship between these societies and surrounding geographical areas. The insertion of Tourism into a re-creative continuum with multiple mobilities, which characterize global society in contemporary times, is manifested on a local and regional level by means of multiple (re)connections between tourist and non-tourist practices, on the changes in space dynamics and functions and on the articulation of Tourism agents. By revealing the diversities and identities of these lake landscapes, under multiple viewpoints, in-depth knowledge is revealed with regard to these territories and their respective time and space transformations, contributing to the awareness and (re)appreciation of this landscape heritage as well as (re)interpretation possibilities enabled by Tourism. New forms of relationships involving contemporary societies and lake landscapes are revealed when raising questions related to the various ways of appropriation and use of lake beds for tourism-related purposes. A wide array of challenges emerges as a condition for tourism-related appropriations of lake landscapes, such as questions related to water quality and preservation of related ecosystems, landscape accessibility and visibility, and to the popularization of practices and ways in which these areas are used.

Esta tese aborda as interações entre os temas paisagem, água e Turismo. A partir da abordagem geográfica, considera-se as complexidades inerentes ao fenômeno turístico, conjugando interdependências globais, heterogeneidade de sujeitos e diversidade de práticas, na busca pela compreensão da natureza e evolução dos locais turísticos e da sua integração com outras funções e mobilidades nos territórios. O vasto arcabouço simbólico e de usos sociais relacionados à água são retomados com o intuito de revelar as relações das sociedades com os espaços geográficos onde o componente hídrico, sob distintas formas e manifestações, desempenha um papel importante. O objetivo geral é analisar as percepções, representações e práticas que emergem nessa relação das sociedades contemporâneas com as paisagens de água, sob o prisma do Turismo. Sendo o campo de investigação a Laguna dos Patos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, são as paisagens lacustres que são tomadas como foco desse trabalho, sob o recorte espacial de quatro municípios – São Lourenço do Sul, Pelotas, Rio Grande e São José do Norte – entre outubro de 2016 e março de 2018. Ao compreender a paisagem como um processo de mediação sociocultural dos indivíduos e sociedades com o espaço geográfico, parte-se dos conhecimentos e das práticas dos sujeitos, a partir de suas narrativas de experiências junto às paisagens lacustres e relacionadas ao Turismo. Nessa perspectiva, emerge o problema da pesquisa: de que forma o Turismo se relaciona com as paisagens lacustres? Para tanto, objetiva-se interrogar os sentidos e valores atribuídos a essas paisagens, e conhecer o cenário atual das práticas, espaços e dinâmicas turísticas nessas localidades. Ainda, busca-se discutir as expectativas e potencialidades, as tensões e limitações na interação entre paisagens lacustres e Turismo, trazendo proposições de ação nesses encontros, em especial no campo em estudo. O Paradigma da Complexidade de Edgar Morin e as aproximações interdisciplinares entre a Geografia e o Turismo sustentam a presente iniciativa de interpretar as paisagens lacustres em suas múltiplas dimensões e funcionalidades, pautando-se na adoção de instrumentos de pesquisa qualitativos como a entrevista-episódica e a observação não participante. As leituras das paisagens lacustres associam-se ao tema do patrimônio, desvelando múltiplos sentidos e valores atribuídos pelos sujeitos à Laguna dos Patos, onde a água assume papel articulador na relação dessas sociedades com o espaço geográfico. A inserção do Turismo em um continuum re-criativo e de múltiplas mobilidades que caracterizam a sociedade contemporânea global são manifestadas na escala local e regional, por meio de múltiplas (re)conexões entre práticas turísticas e não turísticas, nas mutações das dinâmicas e funções dos espaços e na articulação dos sujeitos do Turismo. Ao revelar as diversidades e identidades das paisagens lacustres, sob múltiplos pontos de vista, emergem conhecimentos aprofundados sobre esses territórios e suas transformações espaciais e temporais, contribuindo com a tomada de consciência e com a (re)valorização do patrimônio paisagístico e suas possibilidades de (re)interpretação pelo Turismo. Novas formas de relações das sociedades contemporâneas com as paisagens lacustres são desveladas ao se questionar as diferentes formas de apropriação e uso das margens lacustres pela função turística. Uma teia de desafios emerge como condição às apropriações turísticas das paisagens lacustres, como as questões relacionadas à qualidade das águas e dos ecossistemas associados, à acessibilidade e à visibilidade das paisagens, e à democratização das práticas e dos usos dos espaços. / This work addresses the interactions between the following: landscape, water and Tourism. Starting from a geographical standpoint, we must take into account the complexities inherent to the Tourism phenomenon, which combines global interdependence, the heterogeneous nature of agents and the wide array of practices while seeking to understand the development of tourist locations, as well as their integration with other functions and mobilities across territories. The vast structure of symbols and social uses related to water are retaken with the purpose of revealing the relationships between societies and geographical areas where water elements, with their various forms and manifestations, play an essential role. The general objective is to analyze the perceptions, representations and practices emerging from this relationship between contemporary societies and water landscapes, from the perspective of Tourism. The field of research being Laguna dos Patos, a lagoon located in the state of Rio Grande Sul, Brazil, this work shall be concentrated on these lake landscapes, focusing primarily on four municipalities (São Lourenço do Sul, Pelotas, Rio Grande e São José do Norte) during a period of time ranging from October 2016 to March 2018. By perceiving landscapes as a social-cultural mediation process involving individuals/societies and geographic areas, the starting point is defined as the knowledge and practices held by individuals, resulting from the narratives of their experiences involving such lake landscapes in relation with Tourism. Within such perspective, the question raised by the research is unveiled: in what way is Tourism related to lake landscapes? In order to address this question, we must enquire about the meanings and values attributed to these landscapes, as well as get to know the current scenario of all tourism-related dynamics, spaces and practices in these locations. Moreover, this work intends to discuss expectations and potentialities, tensions and limitations inherent to the relationship between lake landscapes and Tourism, generating proposals for action concerning this relationship, especially with regard to the field of study addressed herein. Edgar Morin's Complexity Paradigm and multi-disciplinary approaches involving Geography and Tourism support the initiative to interpret lake landscapes taking into account their multiple dimensions and functionalities, based on the adoption of qualitative research instruments such as the episodic interview technique and non-participant observation. The interpretations of these lake landscapes are associated with the concept of heritage, revealing the multiple meanings and values attributed by individuals to Laguna dos Patos, where the water take on an articulating role in the relationship between these societies and surrounding geographical areas. The insertion of Tourism into a re-creative continuum with multiple mobilities, which characterize global society in contemporary times, is manifested on a local and regional level by means of multiple (re)connections between tourist and non-tourist practices, on the changes in space dynamics and functions and on the articulation of Tourism agents. By revealing the diversities and identities of these lake landscapes, under multiple viewpoints, in-depth knowledge is revealed with regard to these territories and their respective time and space transformations, contributing to the awareness and (re)appreciation of this landscape heritage as well as (re)interpretation possibilities enabled by Tourism. New forms of relationships involving contemporary societies and lake landscapes are revealed when raising questions related to the various ways of appropriation and use of lake beds for tourism-related purposes. A wide array of challenges emerges as a condition for tourism-related appropriations of lake landscapes, such as questions related to water quality and preservation of related ecosystems, landscape accessibility and visibility, and to the popularization of practices and ways in which these areas are used.

Les imaginaires touristiques sont fortement attachés aux imaginaires géographiques. Ils sont construits par un processus de représentation où différentes images mentales interagissent. Ces images mentales sont construites à partir de différentes sources d’information que nous percevons dans notre quotidien. Les informations sur les lieux sont diffusées à travers la littérature, la peinture, la musique, les films, la télévision ; la communication touristique (brochures, affiches, catalogues, cartes postales, photos, vidéos, télévision, guides) ; les expériences des autres (voyages, récits, etc.).Toutes ces idées-images des lieux circulent constamment dans différentes échelles (locale, nationale, internationale) et façonnent nos imaginaires géographiques et touristiques. De ce fait, les imaginaires touristiques ne sont pas figés, ils changent à travers le temps, ils sont constamment reformulés ou réaffirmés, ils se transforment.Aujourd’hui, par la mondialisation du tourisme qui augmente la concurrence entre les différents territoires, les acteurs territoriaux sont confrontés à créer des images attractives afin de donner un caractère différentiel vis-à-vis d’autres territoires, cela afin d’attirer les investissements et les touristes. Cependant, les efforts des acteurs territoriaux pour créer des images attractives ne parviennent pas à donner les résultats attendus, c’est le cas de territoires qui sont associés aux images négatives -guerre, violence, délinquance et risques- très ancrées dans imaginaire collectif et qui affectent non seulement l’imaginaire géographique du pays concerné, mais aussi celui de leurs destinations touristiques.Compte tenu de ces images négatives, les acteurs locaux de destinations touristiques vont construire une image qui met en valeur leurs propres atouts touristiques, mais qui, en même temps, éclipse son association directe avec son propre pays, en autres mots, une image déterritorialisée de la destination touristique. C’est à partir de cette situation paradoxale que cette thèse se penche sur le processus de construction, déconstruction et reconstruction des imaginaires géographiques et touristiques, à partir de l’analyse d’une ville patrimoine mondial de l’Unesco, Carthagène des Indes, située dans un pays longtemps associé aux images négatives, la Colombie. Ce travail propose une double lecture d’analyse, l’une centrée sur les acteurs locaux et leurs stratégies de production d’images touristiques, et l’autre, sur les touristes en tant que consommateurs et co-producteurs. Un accent particulier est mis sur l’analyse des informations issues de médias modernes (Internet et les réseaux sociaux) puisqu’ils participent activement dans la circulation de contenus visuels et textuels que façonnent les imaginaires géographiques et touristiques. / Tourist imaginaries are strongly attached to geographical imaginaries. They are constructed through a process of representation where different mental images interact. These mental images are constructed from different information sources that we perceive in our daily lives. Information about places is disseminated through literature, painting, music, movies, television; tourist communication (brochures, posters, catalogs, postcards, photos, videos, television, guides); the experiences of others (travels, stories, etc.). All these idea-images of places circulate constantly on different scales (local, national, international) and shape our geographical and tourist imaginaries. As a result, tourism imaginaries are not fixed, they change over time, they are constantly reformulated or reaffirmed, they transform themselves.Today, with the globalization of tourism, which increases the competition between different territories, territorial actors are faced with the need to create attractive images in order to differentiate from other territories, in order to attract investments and tourists. However, the efforts made by territorial actors to create attractive images fail to give the expected results. This is the case of territories that are associated with negative images - war, violence, delinquency and risks – deeply rooted in the collective imaginary and which affect not only the geographical imaginary of the country concerned, but also that of their tourist destinations.Given these negative images, local actors of tourist destinations will build an image that enhances their own tourist attractions/attributes. However, at the same time, this eclipses its direct association with its own country, in other words, a deterritorialized image of the tourist destination.It is from this paradoxical situation that this thesis examines the construction, deconstruction and reconstruction process of geographical and tourist imaginaries, based on the analysis of a UNESCO World Heritage city, Cartagena de Indias, located in a country associated with negative images since a long time, Colombia. This research work proposes a double analysis, one focused on local actors and their strategies for producing tourist images, and the other on tourists as consumers and coproducers.Particular emphasis is put on the analysis of information from modern media (Internet and social networks) as they actively participate in the circulation of visual and textual content that shape geographical and tourist imaginaries.